Coherent Time Difference of Arrival Estimation Techniques for Frequency Hopping GSM Mobile Radio Signals (eBook)

Alexander Gerald Götz (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2013 | 1. Auflage
195 Seiten
De Gruyter Oldenbourg (Verlag)
978-3-486-74862-8 (ISBN)

Infos

In this work, coherent techniques for time difference of arrival estimation for frequency hopping GSM signals are introduced. The techniques provide significant improvements in accuracy compared to state-of-the-art techniques and are ideally suited for highly accurate localization of GSM mobile phones. The key inventive concept is based on the interpretation of a frequency hopping GSM signal as a wideband signal.

Inhalt

1 Introduction and Motivation 25
1.1 GSMMobile Phone Localization 25
1.2 Localization in Search and Rescue Scenarios 28
1.3 Key Inventive Concept 29
1.4 Scope of thisWork 30
2 Basic System Architecture and Measurement Setup 31
2.1 Time Difference of Arrival Localization Systems 31
2.1.1 Localization Scenario 31
2.1.2 Major Challenges and Requirements 33
2.1.3 Auxiliary System Components 34
2.2 Time Difference of Arrival Estimation Scenario 36
2.2.1 ElementaryMeasurement Setup 36
2.2.2 Generic Radio ChannelModel 38
3 GSM Signal Characteristics and Modeling 41
3.1 Physical Layer Structure 41
3.1.1 Modulation 41
3.1.2 Burst Types and Structures 44
3.1.3 Power and Spectral Characteristics 46
3.1.4 Multiple Access and Duplexing 48
3.2 Modeling of GSMSignals 53
3.2.1 Single Burst SignalModel 53
3.2.2 Frequency Hopping SignalModel 54
4 Coherent Wideband Signal Acquisition and Modeling 55
4.1 Wideband Signal Acquisition Techniques 55
4.1.1 Wideband Frontend Signal Acquisition 55
4.1.2 Narrowband Frontend Signal Acquisition 57
4.1.3 Mixed Acquisition Schemes 59
4.1.4 Coherence and Phase Relationships 60
4.2 Properties of AcquiredWideband Signals 61
4.2.1 Frequency Hopping Bandwidth 61
4.2.2 Effective Signal Bandwidth 61
4.2.3 Signal to Noise Ratio 62
4.3 Pre-Processing andMultiple Source Separation 64
4.3.1 Burst Isolation Technique 64
4.3.2 Wideband Signal Reconstruction Technique 67
4.3.3 Multiple Source Separation Technique 68
5 Coherent Time Difference of Arrival Estimation Techniques 69
5.1 Wideband Crosscorrelation Technique 69
5.1.1 Definition of the Crosscorrelation Function 69
5.1.2 Decomposition of the Crosscorrelation Function 70
5.1.3 Ambiguity Function of Frequency Hopping Signals 71
5.1.4 Shape of the Ambiguity Function 72
5.1.5 Properties of the Ambiguity Function 80
5.1.6 Application of Concatenated and Stacked Signals 84
5.1.7 Range Limitations 88
5.2 Burst Phase Analysis Technique 90
5.2.1 Derivation for Simple Delay Scenarios 90
5.2.2 Evaluation ofMultiple Burst Signals 92
5.2.3 Influence of Multipath Components 95
5.2.4 Averaging of Burst Phase Differences 101
5.2.5 Range Ambiguities 104
5.3 Realizable Frequency Hopping Signal Configurations 105
6 Numerical Performance Simulation and Evaluation 107
6.1 Simulation Environment and Parameters 107
6.2 Noise Performance inMultipath-Free Scenarios 110
6.2.1 AWGN ChannelModel 110
6.2.2 Cramér-Rao Lower Bound 110
6.2.3 Estimation Standard Deviation 111
6.3 Multipath Performance in Two-Paths Scenarios 116
6.3.1 Two-Path ChannelModel 116
6.3.2 Maximum Estimation Bias 116
6.4 Multipath Performance in Realistic Scenarios 120
6.4.1 Tapped Delay-Line ChannelModel 120
6.4.2 Resolvability of Propagation Paths 124
6.5 Summary of Estimation Technique Performance 128
7 Prototype System Structure and Measurement Results 129
7.1 Structure of the Receiving Stations 129
7.1.1 Main Functional Components 129
7.1.2 Synchronization SourceModule 130
7.1.3 Synchronization and TriggerModule 131
7.1.4 Wideband Signal AcquisitionModule 133
7.1.5 Data and ControlModule 135
7.1.6 Integration of theModules 136
7.2 Characteristics of HardwareModules 137
7.2.1 Phase Noise Profile of Synchronization Signals 137
7.2.2 Synchronicity of Synchronization Source Signals 138
7.2.3 Synchronicity of Synchronization and Trigger Signals 140
7.2.4 Frequency Response of Wideband Signal Acquisition Modules 142
7.2.5 Symmetry of Wideband Signal Acquisition Modules 144
7.3 Time Difference of ArrivalMeasurement Results 146
7.3.1 Static Offset Compensation Procedure 146
7.3.2 Measurement Setup and Evaluation Procedure 147
7.3.3 Originating GSMSignal Configuration 150
7.3.4 Delay-LineMeasurement Results 150
7.4 Summary of Hardware andMeasurement Results 154
8 Summary and Outlook 157
8.1 Major Achievements and Contributions 157
8.2 FutureWork and Development 158
8.3 Patents, Scientific Publications and Theses 161
Appendices 163
A Frequency Hopping Sequence Generation in GSM Systems 165
B Logical and Physical Channels in GSM Systems 167
B.1 Definition of Resources and Channels 167
B.2 Structure of the 26-Multiframe 167
B.3 Structure of the 51-Multiframe 168
C Frequency Hopping Signal Transmission Initiation in GSM Systems 171
C.1 Requirements for Signal Transmission Initiation 171
C.2 Voice and Data Connection 171
C.3 Modified Handover Procedure 174
D Time Difference of Arrival Estimation for Narrowband GSM Signals 177
D.1 Narrowband Crosscorrelation Technique 177
D.2 Model-based Estimation Techniques 179
D.3 Incoherent Integration withMultipath Rejection Technique 180
D.4 Successive Cancellation Technique 182
D.5 Further Applicable Techniques 183
D.6 Comparative Summary 186
E Localization System Architecture for Search and Rescue Scenarios 187
References 189

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.7.2013
• Verlagsort: Berlin/München/Boston
• Sprache: deutsch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• ISBN-10: 3-486-74862-9 / 3486748629
• ISBN-13: 978-3-486-74862-8 / 9783486748628