Japanese Management for a Globalized World (eBook)

The Strength of the Lean, Trusting and Outward-Looking Firm

Satoko Watanabe (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2018 | 1st ed. 2018
XI, 213 Seiten
Springer Singapore (Verlag)
9789811077906 (ISBN)

Infos

This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the changes that have taken place in the systems and practices of Japanese management over the last quarter century, identifies the positive and useful attributes that ought to be maintained, and clarifies the behavioral principles that form the groundwork of their strengths. Observing the changes in the business environment brought about by the forces of intensifying globalization, the book presents a highly effective management model that builds on the superior aspects of Japanese-style management while overcoming its weaknesses. It is a multi-layered human-resources management model that combines the mutually complementary aspects of the Japanese and Anglo-Saxon systems, incorporating the strengths of both systems. This hybrid model is aimed at increasing workplace motivation, promoting the creation of new value, and enhancing performance and can be used successfully in many countries around the world. It will be of interest to business strategists and consultants, scholars, and entrepreneurs.

      

Satoko Watanabe is Professor of Sociology and Management at Chuo University in Tokyo, Japan. She has taught at International University of Japan and subsequently at Sophia University, where she was Professor of Sociology. She received her undergraduate degrees from University of Tokyo and Western College for Women in the United States and her M.A. and Ph.D. in sociology from Boston University. 

Inhalt

Preface 6
Contents 10
List of Tables 12
Chapter 1 The Competitive Pressures of Globalization and the Motivation Crisis 13
Stresses and Strains in the Business World 13
The Motivation Crisis 16
The Global Fall in Motivation: Objective Indicators 16
Trends to the Present 16
Europe and North America 16
Japan 17
Motivation and Economic Growth 20
Increased Expectations and Workplace Reality 21
Conclusion 22
Chapter 2 Japanese Management: Changes and Survivals 26
What Is Japanese Management? 27
Corporate Practices Supporting Japanese Management 27
Origins and Historical Background 29
Organizational Management: Ideal Types and Current Practice 32
Personnel and Employment 32
Lifetime Employment 32
Seniority-Based Promotion and Pay 34
Recruitment 37
Enterprise-Based Welfare 38
Enterprise Unions 39
Internal Decision-Making 41
The Ringi System, Consensus and Collective Responsibility, and “Bottom-Up” Decision-Making 41
Making the System More Efficient 44
Performance-Based Management 45
Introduction of the Concept of Job-Based Pay 46
Introduction of Performance-Based Management 48
Surfacing of Seniority-Based System Disadvantages 48
Problems Arising from the Introduction of Performance-Based Management 49
Course Correction: The Move to Multilayered and Selective Use of Performance-Based Management 52
Reevaluating Introduced Systems and Shifting Back to Original Systems 52
Fair Evaluations 54
Moving Toward Mix-and-Match System 55
Operational Measures to Improve Japanese-Style Personnel Management 57
Demotion 57
Promotion of Nonpermanent Employees to Permanent Status and a Shift in Emphasis from Hiring Nonpermanent to Permanent Employees 59
Promotion to Permanent Employee Status 59
Greater Priority to Hiring Permanent Employees 63
Chapter 3 Intercorporate Networks and Corporate Governance: The Present and Future 69
The Diversity of Capitalism and Comparative Institutional Analysis 70
Classifying Different Types of Capitalism 71
Two Models of the Market Economy 73
The Anglo-Saxon Model 74
The Coordinative Model 76
Japanese Capitalism: Its Characteristics and Relationship to Other Types of Market Economy 78
At the Opposite Pole from the Anglo-Saxon Model 79
Mechanisms Limiting Free Competition 81
The Fate of the Keiretsu 82
Characteristics of Japanese Keiretsu 82
Keiretsu: Changes Since the Bubble 84
Horizontal Keiretsu 84
Vertical Keiretsu 86
What the Future Holds 91
Corporate Governance 92
Japanese-Style “Insider” Corporate Governance 92
“Insider” and “Outsider” Model of Governance 92
Wartime Economic Policy and the Beginnings of the Japanese Model of Corporate Governance 94
The Beginnings of the Postwar System: The Main Bank System and Japanese-Style Corporate Governance 96
Changes Since the 1990s and Future Changes in Boards of Directors 99
Conclusion 102
Chapter 4 Japanese Management: Strengths to Preserve 107
Social Capital and Japanese Management 108
Japanese Organizations and the “Ie” System 108
Social Capital and the Development of Corporations 111
Inward- and Outward-Oriented Social Capital 113
The Organizing Principles of Japanese Corporations: A Combination of Collectivism and Rationality 116
The Four Strengths of Japanese Management 118
Trust and the Norms of Reciprocity 118
The Human Relations Approach That Satisfies Employees’ Social Needs 125
Egalitarianism and On-site Management 128
Innovation Advantage 133
How a Long-Term Perspective Makes Enduring R& D Possible
Psychological Energy Born from a Commitment That Transcends Duty 136
Kyocera and Amoeba Management 137
Conclusion 138
Chapter 5 International Transferability and Adaptability 146
Lean Production System and Its Expansion Overseas 147
Japanese Manufacturers’ Experience of Success 148
The Lean Production System 150
Origin and Functions 150
Comparative Advantages 154
The Human Side of Lean Production: Reconciling Human Needs and Efficiency 156
Employment Security and a Lean Workforce 157
Employment Security 157
The Lean Workforce System 159
Trusting Management and Careful Recruitment 161
Avoiding Antagonism Between Teams and Between Teams and Management 164
Keeping Work Units Small 165
The Company as a Team 166
Variety of Work Through Job Rotation 166
Incentives 167
Better-than-Average Packages and Promotion Prospects 167
Relatively Small Pay Differentials 167
Learning Different Skills 169
Coping with Monotony 169
Standardized Work and “on Automatic” 169
Monitoring the “on Automatic” State 170
Community Spirit, Family-like Consideration, and Relationships of Trust 173
Attempts to Introduce Paternalistic Management in the West 173
Location of Japanese Subsidiaries and Historical and Economic Background of the Region 175
Policies for Primary Work Groups 176
The Global Potential of the Lean Production System 178
Chapter 6 A Hybrid Model of Human Resource Management 183
The Multilayered Hybrid Model: Combining the Best of the Anglo-Saxon and Japanese Model 184
Executives 185
Motivation and Incentives 185
The Case of US and European Executives 186
The Case of Japanese Executives 189
Gold-Collar Employees 193
Work-Related Values of Gold-Collar Employees 193
Motivation Policy for Gold-Collar Employees 194
Blue-Collar, Clerical (Lower-Level White-Collar), and Service Employees [Permanent Employees] 197
The End of Continuous Wage Increases 197
Characteristics of Japanese Management that Are Effective at Increasing Motivation Among BCS Employees 198
Work-Sharing System 202
Blue-Collar, Clerical (Lower-Level White-Collar), and Service Employees [Nonpermanent Employees] 203
Expansion of Nonpermanent Employment 203
Motivation Policy for Nonpermanent Employees 204
Conclusion 206
Author Index 213
Subject Index 215

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 15.2.2018
• Reihe/Serie: Palgrave Macmillan Asian Business Series
• Reihe/Serie: Palgrave Macmillan Asian Business Series
• Zusatzinfo: XI, 213 p. 1 illus.
• Verlagsort: Singapore
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Betriebswirtschaft / Management ► Marketing / Vertrieb
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Betriebswirtschaft / Management ► Personalwesen
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Betriebswirtschaft / Management ► Unternehmensführung / Management
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Volkswirtschaftslehre
• Schlagworte: Galapagos Syndrome • Globalization • Industrial Policy • Japanese economy • Management Studies
• ISBN-13: 9789811077906 / 9789811077906