Nutritional Management of Hospitalized Small Animals (eBook)

Daniel L. Chan (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2015
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-119-05297-5 (ISBN)

Infos

Nutritional Management of Hospitalized Small Animals offers veterinarians, veterinary students and technicians a comprehensive reference to the latest information relating to the principles and practice of nutritional support in small animals that require hospitalization.

• Represents the definitive resource for small animal veterinarians in providing optimal nutritional support for their patients during hospitalization
• Discusses and demonstrates the most up-to-date techniques available for successfully implementing nutritional support for hospitalized small animal patients
• Provides step-by-step pictorial instructions on how to implement the most appropriate techniques for particular patients
• Reveals expected outcomes and possible complications along with strategies to minimize risk of complications

Daniel L. Chan is Professor of Emergency, Critical Care and Nutrition at the Royal Veterinary College, University of London, UK where he is the Head of the Section for Emergency and Critical Care and of the Nutritional Support Service. He is a Diplomate of the American and European Colleges of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care and of the American College of Veterinary Nutrition.

Inhalt

Title Page 5
Copyright Page 6
Contents 7
Contributors 9
Preface 11
Acknowledgements 13
Chapter 1 Nutritional assessment in small animals 15
Introduction 15
Indications for nutritional assessment 16
Methods of nutritional assessment 16
Summary 19
References 20
Chapter 2 Estimating energy requirements of small animal patients 21
Introduction 21
Assessing energy requirements 21
Methods for determining energy needs 22
Predictive equations of energy needs 23
Summary 25
References 26
Chapter 3 Routes of nutritional support in small animals 28
Introduction 28
Enteral routes of nutritional support 28
Nasoesophageal tube feeding 28
Esophagostomy tube feeding 29
Gastrostomy tube feeding 29
Jejunostomy tube feeding 31
Parenteral nutrition 31
Combined enteral and parenteral approach 32
Summary 33
References 33
Chapter 4 Nasoesophageal feeding tubes in dogs and cats 35
Introduction 35
Indications, contraindications and patient selection 35
Procedure for tube placement and confirmation of correct positioning 35
Choosing feeding tube type and size 36
Tube placement technique 36
Confirmation of accurate placement 37
Monitoring and ongoing care 38
Diets and tube feeding 39
Complications and troubleshooting 40
Tracheal intubation 40
Vomiting 41
Tube blockage 41
Rhinitis, epistaxis and dacrocystitis 41
Reflux esophagitis 41
Removal and transition to oral feeding 41
References 42
Chapter 5 Esophagostomy feeding tubes in dogs and cats 43
Introduction 43
Indications and contraindications for esophagostomy tubes 43
Esophagostomy tube placement and feeding guidelines 44
Monitoring 51
Complications 51
Summary 52
Notes 53
References 53
Chapter 6 Gastrostomy feeding tubes in dogs and cats 55
Introduction 55
Indications and contraindications for gastrostomy tubes 56
Gastrostomy tube placement 57
Requirements for peg feeding tube placement 57
Technique for peg tube placement 58
Feeding via gastrostomy tubes 62
Monitoring of gastrostomy tubes, transition to oral feeding and tube removal 63
Tube removal 63
Complications 64
Summary 66
Note 66
References 66
Chapter 7 Jejunostomy feeding tubes in dogs and cats 68
Introduction 68
Indications for a jejunostomy feeding tube 68
Jejunostomy feeding tube placement technique 69
Administration of liquid diets 75
Complications of jejunostomy tubes 76
Removal of jejunostomy tubes 76
Summary 76
Notes 77
References 77
Chapter 8 Minimally invasive placement of postpyloric feeding tubes 79
Introduction 79
Indications and patient selection 80
Nasojejunal tube placement 81
Technique description 81
Monitoring 84
Complications 85
Gastrojejunal tube placement 85
Technique description 86
Monitoring 88
Complications 88
Esophagojejunal tube placement 89
Technique description 89
Monitoring 90
Complications 90
Postpyloric tube feeding diets 90
Summary 90
Notes 91
References 91
Chapter 9 Tube feeding in small animals: diet selection and preparation 94
Introduction 94
Diets for tube feeding 94
Enteral diet composition 98
Specialized diets for tube feeding 103
Notes 104
References 104
Chapter 10 Intravenous access for parenteral nutrition in small animals 106
Introduction 106
Indications for catheter placement 107
General guidelines for placement of catheters for parenteral nutrition 107
Placement of catheters for parenteral nutrition 108
Complications and monitoring of catheters used for PN 111
Summary 112
References 113
Chapter 11 Parenteral nutrition in small animals 114
Introduction 114
Indications for PN support 114
Parenteral nutrition 115
Components of parenteral nutrition 116
Amino acids 116
Carbohydrates 117
Lipids 117
Electrolytes and trace minerals 118
Vitamins 118
Formulation of parenteral nutrition solutions 119
Compounding 120
Alternatives to compounding parenteral nutrition admixtures 121
Administering parenteral nutrition 121
Monitoring 124
Complications 124
Metabolic complications 124
Mechanical complications 126
Septic complications 126
Preventative measures 127
Transitioning to enteral nutrition 127
Summary 127
Notes 128
References 128
Chapter 12 Pathophysiology and clinical approach to malnutrition in dogs and cats 131
Introduction 131
Pathophysiology of starvation and cachexia 132
Clinical manifestation and amelioration of malnutrition 133
Feeding the malnourished patient 135
Arginine 136
Glutamine 137
Branched-chain amino acids 138
Fish oils 138
Vitamins 139
Summary 139
References 140
Chapter 13 Appetite stimulants in dogs and cats 142
Introduction 142
Pathophysiology of anorexia 143
Nutrition modification strategies 144
Diet characteristics 144
Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids 144
Pharmacological agents 144
Monitoring and complications 147
Summary 147
References 148
Chapter 14 Adverse food reactions in small animals 150
Introduction 150
Pathophysiology 151
Nutritional management strategies 152
Elimination Diets 153
Specific considerations 162
Monitoring and complications 163
Summary 163
References 164
Chapter 15 Nutritional management of short bowel syndrome in dogs and cats 166
Introduction 166
Pathophysiology 167
Nutritional management strategies 168
Specific recommendations based on resultant GI integrity 169
Special considerations 169
Monitoring and complications 170
Summary 170
References 171
Chapter 16 Refeeding syndrome in small animals 173
Introduction 173
Pathophysiology 173
Nutritional management strategies 175
Monitoring 176
Summary 176
References 177
Chapter 17 Feeding small animal patients with gastrointestinal motility disorders 179
Introduction 179
Pathophysiology of GI dysmotility disorders 179
Clinical manifestations of GI dysmotility 180
Diagnosis of GI dysmotility disorders 181
Therapeutic and nutritional management strategies 181
Nutritional management 182
Summary 184
References 184
Chapter 18 Immune modulating nutrients in small animals 186
Introduction 186
Nutritional management strategies 187
Omega-3 fatty acids 187
Antioxidants 188
Immune modulating amino acids 189
Nucleotides 192
Probiotics 192
Summary 194
References 194
Chapter 19 Nutritional management of superficial necrolytic dermatitis in dogs 197
Introduction 197
Clinical presentation 198
Diagnosis 199
Pathophysiology 199
Nutritional management 201
Adjunct medical therapy 202
Special considerations 203
Summary 203
Note 204
References 204
Chapter 20 Nutritional support in acute kidney injury in dogs and cats 207
Introduction 207
Nutritional management strategies 207
Special considerations 210
Monitoring and complications 211
Summary 212
References 212
Chapter 21 Nutritional support in hepatic failure in dogs and cats 213
Introduction 213
Acute liver disease: cirrhosis, hepatitis and cholestatic disease 213
Chronic liver diseases: chronic endstage cirrhosis, portosystemic shunts and vascular dysplasia 216
Hepatic lipidosis and treatment in cats 218
Acute hepatotoxicosis 219
Summary 221
Note 221
References 221
Chapter 22 Nutritional management of the septic patient 224
Introduction 224
Metabolic derangements in sepsis 224
Differences between abdominal sepsis in people and dogs 226
Nutritional management strategies of septic patients 226
Summary 230
References 230
Chapter 23 Nutritional support during acute pancreatitis 233
Introduction 233
Pathophysiology 233
Nutritional management strategies 234
Enteral nutrition during acute pancreatitis 234
Feeding tubes and routes 235
Parenteral nutrition 236
Dietary considerations 237
Emerging role of immunonutrition 237
Monitoring and complications 238
Summary 238
References 239
Chapter 24 Nutritional support in the mechanically ventilated small animal patient 242
Introduction 242
Nutritional management strategies 244
Monitoring and complications 245
Summary 245
References 246
Chapter 25 Nutritional support in exotic pet species 248
Introduction 248
Special considerations: equipping the hospital to accommodate nutritional needs of exotic pets 250
Nutritional management strategies 252
Reptiles 252
Birds 254
Small mammals 256
Summary 258
Note 259
References 259
Index 261
EULA 269

Rezensionen

"In short, this book is a succinct, clearly written reference guide that describes patient selection, pathophysiology, and criteria for initiating nutritional support and determining the most appropriate dietary characteristics for each patient ." (Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 15 December 2015)

"Critique: Comprised of twenty-three specialized articles ranging from Kathryn E. Michel's 'Nutritional Assessment in Small Animals'; to Iveta Becvarova's 'Tube Feeding in Small Animals: Diet Selection and Preparation'; to Lisa P. Weeth's 'Appetite Stimulants in Dogs and Cats'; to 'Nutritional Support in Exotic Pet Species' by Jeleen A. Briscoe, La Toya Latney, and Cailin R. Heinze, "Nutritional Management of Hospitalized Small Animals" will prove to be an invaluable contribution to professional, animal clinic, and academic library Veterinarian Medicine reference collections and supplemental studies reading lists." (Midwest Book Review, 1 October 2015)

"An essential read for those who are serious about their in-patients!." (Vet Nurses Today, 1 October 2015)

"No veterinary hospital or technician overseeing nutrition should be without this invaluable guide, which packs the latest information and research into discussions of best practices." (Donovan's Literary Services 2016)

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 30.6.2015
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie
• Themenwelt: Veterinärmedizin ► Kleintier
• Themenwelt: Weitere Fachgebiete ► Land- / Forstwirtschaft / Fischerei
• Schlagworte: Critical Care Nutrition, Critical Care Diets, Tube Feeding, Enteral Nutrition, Assisted Feeding, Total Parenteral Nutrition, IV nutrition, TPN, PPN, Partial Parenteral Nutrition, Inappetance, Anorexia, Nutritional Support • Hospitalismus • Kleintier • Veterinärmedizin • Veterinärmedizin f. Kleintiere • Veterinärmedizin / Notfallmedizin • Veterinärmedizin • Veterinärmedizin f. Kleintiere • Veterinärmedizin / Notfallmedizin • Veterinary Emergency & Critical Care • Veterinary Medicine • Veterinary Medicine - Small Animal General
• ISBN-10: 1-119-05297-1 / 1119052971
• ISBN-13: 978-1-119-05297-5 / 9781119052975