Proceedings of XXIV AIMETA Conference 2019 (eBook)

Antonio Carcaterra, Achille Paolone, Giorgio Graziani (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2020
XXIV, 2201 Seiten
Springer International Publishing (Verlag)
978-3-030-41057-5 (ISBN)

Infos

This book gathers the peer-reviewed papers presented at the XXIV Conference of the Italian Association of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, held in Rome, Italy, on September 15-19, 2019 (AIMETA 2019). The conference topics encompass all aspects of general, fluid, solid and structural mechanics, as well as mechanics for machines and mechanical systems, including theoretical, computational and experimental techniques and technological applications. As such the book represents an invaluable, up-to-the-minute tool, providing an essential overview of the most recent advances in the field.

Inhalt

Preface 6
Acknowledgements 7
Contents 8
General Mechanics 24
Correlation Between Fracto-Emissions and Statistical Seismic Precursors in the Case of Low-Magnitude Earthquakes 25
Abstract 25
1 Introduction 26
2 Experimental Results 28
3 Conclusions 31
References 32
On Constitutive Choices for Growth Terms in Binary Fluid Mixtures 33
1 Introduction 33
2 Balance Axioms for Binary Mixtures of Fluids 34
3 `Vis Viva' Theorem and Constitutive Proposals for Exchange Terms 36
4 Small Plane Vibrations in Binary Mixtures 37
4.1 Superfluid Helium 38
4.2 Mixture of Euler Fluids 41
5 Concluding Remark 44
References 45
Fluid Mechanics 46
An Investigation About Polygonal Steady Vortices 47
1 Introduction 47
2 Equilibrium Condition 50
3 Isolated Polygonal Vortex 53
4 Vorticity Structure Formed by Uniform and Pointwise Vortices 57
5 Concluding Remarks and Unsolved Issues 63
References 63
Numerical Study on the Flow Field Generated by a Double-Orifice Synthetic Jet Device 65
1 Introduction 65
2 Numerical Setup 66
2.1 Data Reduction 68
3 Results and Discussion 69
3.1 Time-Averaged Flow Fields 71
3.2 Phase-Averaged Flow Fields 73
4 Conclusions and Future Work 75
References 75
Dynamics of a Bubble Moving Through a Liquid 77
1 Introduction 77
2 The Mathematical Model 79
3 Dynamics of the Center of Mass 81
4 Dynamics of the Bubble Radius 83
5 Numerical Results and Comparison with Previous Models 84
6 Conclusions 88
References 89
Preliminary Design of Variable-Pitch Systems for Darrieus Wind Turbine Using a Genetic Algorithm Based Optimization Procedure 90
Abstract 90
1 Introduction 91
2 Test Case 92
3 Cam-Based Active Variable-Pitch System 95
3.1 The Optimization Tool 96
3.2 Results 97
3.3 An Alternate Active Variable-Pitch System 100
4 Conclusions 101
References 102
Free Topology Generation of Thermal Protection System for Reusable Space Vehicles Using Integral Soft Objects 104
1 Introduction 104
2 Implicit Modelling 105
2.1 Implicit Surface Modelling 105
2.2 Integral Soft Objects Modelling 107
3 Skeleton Based Integral Soft Object Modelling of TPS 108
4 Material-Based Sizing of Thermal Protection System 110
4.1 Parametric Modelling of SBISO Primitives 111
5 Modelling Procedure Capability 114
6 Conclusions 115
References 117
On the Stability of Subsonic Impinging Jets 119
1 Introduction 119
2 Theoretical Framework 121
2.1 Flow Configuration and Governing Equations 121
2.2 Stability and Sensitivity Analysis 123
2.3 Dynamic Mode Decomposition 124
3 Numerical Setup and Validation 125
3.1 Direct Numerical Simulation 126
3.2 Stability and Sensitivity Analysis 126
4 DNS and DMD Results 127
5 Stability Analysis 130
6 Conclusions 134
References 135
Jet-Flat Plate Interaction: Wall Pressure Coherence Modeling 137
1 Introduction 137
2 Model Description 138
3 Model Assessment 140
4 Conclusions 142
References 142
Numerical Simulation of Shock Boundary Layer Interaction Using Shock Fitting Technique 144
1 Introduction 144
2 Shock Fitting Algorithm 145
2.1 Step 1: Cell Removal Around the Shock Front 146
2.2 Step 2: Local Re-meshing Around the Shock Front 146
2.3 Step 3: Grid Assembly 146
2.4 Step 4: Calculation of the Unit Vectors Normal to the Shock Front 146
2.5 Step 5: Solution Update Using a Shock-Capturing Code and Enforcement of the R-H Relations 148
3 Numerical Simulation of Shock/Boundary-Layer Interaction 149
3.1 Pressure Field Analysis 149
3.2 Numerical Models 150
4 Results and Discussion 151
5 Conclusion 153
References 153
Solid and Structural Mechanics 155
Diffraction and Reflection of Antiplane Shear Waves in a Cracked Couple Stress Elastic Material 156
1 Introduction 156
2 Theory of Couple Stress Materials 157
3 Time-Harmonic Analysis 160
4 Analysis in the Frequency Domain 162
5 Full-Field Solution by the Wiener-Hopf Method 164
6 Results 165
6.1 Wave Pattern 165
6.2 Energy Release Rate 167
7 Conclusions 168
References 168
Corrosion Fatigue Investigation on the Possible Collapse Reasons of Polcevera Bridge in Genoa 170
1 Introduction 170
2 Analitical Models for the Morandi Bridge 172
3 Stress Redistribution Due to Corrosion 173
4 Fatigue Assessment of Cable-Stay 176
4.1 Evaluation of the Fatigue Load Spectrum 176
4.2 Fatigue Damage Accumulation 176
5 Conclusions 177
References 178
Investigation into Benefits of Coupling a Frame Structure with a Rocking Rigid Block 179
1 Introduction 179
2 Motivations of the Study 180
3 Mechanical Model of the Experimented System 181
3.1 Equations of Motion 181
3.2 Uplift and Impact Conditions of the Block 184
4 Parametric Analisys 184
4.1 Frame and Block Characteristics 185
4.2 Gain Coefficients 185
4.3 Gain Map 185
5 Experimental Tests 187
5.1 Experimental Setup 187
5.2 Gain Spectra 188
6 Conclusions 191
References 191
Base Isolation Systems for Structures Subject to Anomalous Dynamic Events 194
Abstract 194
1 Introduction 194
2 The Mathematical Modeling of the Base Isolation System 195
3 Modeling of the Base Isolation Device 198
4 The Proposed Base Isolation System Applied to a Structure Subject to Anomalous Dynamic Actions 199
5 Conclusions 204
References 205
Fractality and Size Effect in Fatigue Damage Accumulation: Comparison Between Paris and Wöhler Perspectives 207
1 Introduction 207
2 The Crack-Size Effects on Paris' Law 208
2.1 Intermediate Asymptotics and Fractal Geometry 208
2.2 Experimental Comparisons 209
3 The Specimen-Size Effects on Wöhler's Curve 210
3.1 Intermediate Asymptotics and Fractal Geometry 210
3.2 Experimental Comparisons 211
4 The Crack-Size Effect on the Fatigue Threshold 212
4.1 Fractal and Multifractal Approaches 212
4.2 Experimental Comparisons 213
5 The Specimen-Size Effect on the Fatigue Limit 213
5.1 Fractal Approach 213
5.2 Experimental Comparisons 214
6 Conclusions 214
References 215
Smart Beam Element Approach for LRPH Device 216
Abstract 216
1 Introduction 217
2 Geometrical and Mechanical Characteristics of LRPH 218
3 The Smart Displacement Based (SDB) Beam Element for Discontinuous Beams 221
3.1 A Model for Discontinuous Euler-Bernoulli Beams 221
3.2 The Nonlinear Smart Displacement Based (SDB) Beam Element 223
3.3 The Element Stiffness Matrix by Means of a Fibre Approach 225
4 Application 227
5 Conclusions 229
Acknowledgements 229
Appendix 230
References 230
Reliable Measures of Plastic Deformations for Elastic Plastic Structures in Shakedown Conditions 233
Abstract 233
1 Introduction 233
2 Position of the Problem 235
3 Optimization Problem 237
4 Application 239
5 Conclusions 240
References 240
Preliminary Experimental Results of Shaking Table Tests on MDOF Structure Equipped with Non-conventional TMD 242
Abstract 242
1 Introduction 242
2 Physical Models 243
3 Shaking Table Tests 244
3.1 Experimental Set-up 244
3.2 Input Signals 245
4 Experimental Response 245
4.1 4-Story Structure - F4 246
4.2 3-Story Structure with Support Plane - F3S 246
4.3 3-Story Structure Equipped with the Non-conventional TMD - FTMD 246
5 Conclusions 250
References 250
JKR, DMT and More: Gauging Adhesion of Randomly Rough Surfaces 252
1 Introduction 252
2 Adhesion of Rough Elastic Media 254
2.1 Modeling Adhesion with the Advanced Asperity Model ICHA in the DMT and JKR Limits 255
2.2 Results 256
3 Conclusions 259
References 260
Mechanics of Machines and Mechanical Systems 262
A New Pneumatic Pad Controlled by Means of an Integrated Proportional Valve 263
Abstract 263
1 Introduction 263
2 The New Prototype of Pneumatic Pad 264
2.1 Experimental Characterization of the Valve 266
2.2 Static Tests on the Active Pad in Open Loop 268
3 The Numerical Model 270
3.1 Static Model of the Pad 270
3.1.1 Supply Orifice Model 270
3.1.2 Model of the Air Gap 271
3.2 Dynamic Model of the Pad 272
3.3 Model of the Proportional Valve 274
3.3.1 Static Model of the Valve 274
3.3.2 Dynamic Model of the Valve 275
4 Comparison with Experimental Data 276
4.1 Tests on the Valve Alone 276
4.2 Tests on Valve and Pad 277
5 Conclusions and Future Work 278
References 278
Oral Exostoses and Congruence of the Contact in the Temporo-Mandibular Joint 280
Abstract 280
1 Introduction 280
2 The Buccal Maxillary Exostosis Under Study 281
3 Congruence Measurement and Contact Evaluation 283
3.1 Congruence Measure 283
3.2 Application to the Case Study 283
4 Results and Discussion 284
5 Conclusions 286
References 287
Mechatronic Design of a Robotic Arm to Remove Skins by Wine Fermentation Tanks 289
Abstract 289
1 Introduction 289
2 Robotic Arm: Type Synthesis 291
3 Robotic Arm: Mechatronic Design 293
4 Conclusions 294
References 295
Kinematic Analysis of Slider – Crank Mechanisms via the Bresse and Jerk’s Circles 296
Abstract 296
1 Introduction 296
2 Kinematic Analysis: Velocity, Acceleration and Jerk Poles 297
3 Bresse and Jerk’s Circles: Examples 300
4 Conclusions 302
REFERENCES 302
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Small Scale Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine in Yawed Conditions 303
1 Introduction 304
2 The Test Case and the On-site Measurements 304
2.1 Experimental Set Up: The Wind Turbine and the Wind Tunnel 304
2.2 The FAST Model 307
2.3 The BEM Code 308
3 Analysis and Results 310
3.1 Study of Power and Thrust 310
3.2 Thrust Measurement 312
3.3 Thrust and Accelerations Spectrograms 313
4 Conclusions 314
References 315
Field Vibrational Analysis of a Full Scale Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine in Actual Operating Conditions 317
1 Introduction 317
2 The Test Case and the On-site Measurements 319
3 Data Post-processing 321
4 Conclusions 326
References 327
Static Balancing of an Exechon-Like Parallel Mechanism 328
Abstract 328
1 Introduction 328
2 Description of the Studied Parallel Mechanism 329
3 Gravity Compensation of the PKM 331
3.1 Exact Gravity Compensation of the Moving Platform 331
3.2 Approximate Gravity Compensation of the Legs 336
4 Conclusions 338
References 338
Analysis of Agricultural Machinery to Reduce the Vibration to the Operator Seat 340
1 Introduction 340
2 Theoretical Background 341
2.1 Dynamic Substructuring 342
2.2 Modal Reduction, the Craig-Bampton Method 344
2.3 Transmissibility 345
3 Models 345
3.1 Lumped Parameter Models of the Agricultural Tractor 345
3.2 Reduced Order Model of the Rear Mounted Three Points Linkage 345
3.3 Rear Mounted or Semi-mounted Machinery 347
3.4 Coupling of the Substructures 347
4 Results 348
4.1 Effect of Damping on the Vibration Level on the Operator Seat 348
4.2 Experimental Validation 350
4.3 Effect of the Mounted Machinery to the Vibrations on the Operator Seat 350
4.4 Sensitivity Analysis of the Operator Seat Vibration to the Suspension Parameters 352
5 Conclusions 352
References 353
An Inverse Dynamics Approach Based on the Fundamental Equations of Constrained Motion and on the Theory of Optimal Control 354
1 Introduction 355
2 Literature Survey 355
3 Materials and Methods 356
4 Results and Discussion 359
5 Summary and Conclusions 365
References 366
Interface Models and Phase-field Approaches for Fracture and Damage Mechanics 371
Damaging of FRCM Composites Through a Micro-scale Numerical Approach 372
1 Introduction 372
2 Modeling Approach 373
3 Results 377
3.1 Tensile Constitutive Behavior 377
3.2 Parameter Sensitivity Analysis 378
4 Conclusions 382
References 382
Mixed-Mode Delamination with Large Displacement Modeling of Fiber-Bridging 384
1 Introduction 384
2 Small Openings Cohesive Model 385
3 Transition to Fiber-Bridging Model 388
4 Numerical Examples 390
4.1 Fracture Energy Evolution in MMB Tests 390
4.2 DCB Test 391
5 Conclusions 393
References 393
An Experimental and Numerical Study to Evaluate the Crack Path Under Mixed Mode Loading on PVC Foams 395
Abstract 395
1 Introduction 395
2 Experimental Tests 397
2.1 Compression Tests 397
2.2 Fracture Tests 400
3 Numerical Simulation 402
4 Conclusions 403
Acknowledgements 403
References 403
Interphase Model and Phase-Field Approach for Strain Localization 406
1 Introduction 407
2 The 1D Phase-Field Model 408
3 Application 410
4 Conclusions 411
References 412
Multiple Crack Localization and Debonding Mechanisms for Thin Thermal Coating Films 414
1 Introduction 414
2 Substrate and Coating Layer 415
2.1 The Nonlocal Damage Model for the Coating 417
2.2 The Cohesive-Frictional Interface Model 419
3 Numerical Application 420
3.1 Thin Coating Results 420
3.2 Thick Coating Results 421
References 423
Progressive Damage in Quasi-brittle Solids 425
1 Introduction 425
2 The Local State 427
2.1 The Convex Constraints 428
3 Equilibrium 428
3.1 Variation wrt u 429
3.2 Variations wrt i 429
3.3 Variation wrt d 429
4 Dissipation 430
5 The Traction Bar 432
6 Closure 435
References 435
Cohesive-Frictional Interface in an Equilibrium Based Finite Element Formulation 436
Abstract 436
1 Introduction 436
2 The Hybrid Equilibrium Formulation 437
3 Extrinsic Cohesive-Frictional Model 439
3.1 Damage Activation Condition 440
3.2 Frictional Limit Condition 441
4 Numerical Simulation 441
5 Conclusions 442
Acknowledgment 442
References 442
Layered Phase Field Approach to Shells 444
1 Introduction 444
2 Layered Phase-Field Approach to Thin and Slender Structures 445
2.1 Phase Field Models 445
2.2 Structural Theories 446
2.3 Phase Field Models and Structural Theories: A Layered Approach 447
3 Results 449
3.1 Three Point Bending Beam 450
3.2 Three Point Bending Reinforced Beam 451
3.3 Simply Supported Square Plate 451
4 Conclusions 453
References 453
Composites in Civil Engineering 455
Interface Laws for Multi-physic Composites 456
1 Introduction 456
2 Statement of the Problem 457
3 The Asymptotic Expansions Method 459
4 The Multi-physic Interface Models 460
4.1 The Soft Multi-physic Interface 460
4.2 The Hard Multi-physic Interface 461
4.3 The Rigid Multi-physic Interface 462
4.4 The General Multi-physic Interface 462
5 Finite Element Implementation and Numerical Test 463
5.1 Numerical Study: The Piezoelectric Composite Plate 464
6 Concluding Remarks 468
References 468
Study of the Bond Behavior of FRCM-Masonry Joints Using a Modified Beam Test 470
Abstract 470
1 Introduction 470
2 Experimental Results 471
3 Analytical Model 473
3.1 Compatibility Conditions 473
3.2 Equilibrium Equations 474
3.3 Governing Equation at the Matrix-Fiber Interface 475
3.4 Cohesive Material Law 475
4 Evaluation of the Debonding Phenomenon 476
4.1 Elastic Stage 477
4.2 Elastic-Softening Stage 478
4.3 Elastic-Softening-Debonding Stage 479
4.4 Softening-Debonding Stage 481
4.5 Fully Debonded Stage 482
5 Results and Comparison 482
5.1 Estimation of the CML Parameters 482
5.2 Comparison Between Experimental and Analytical Results 484
6 Conclusions 485
References 485
Basalt-Based FRP Composites as Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Members: Experimental and Theoretical Insights 487
1 Introduction 487
2 Flexural Behaviour of BFRP-Strengthened Concrete Members: An Analytical Assessment 488
3 BFRP-Concrete End-Debonding: Experimental Results 493
3.1 Experimental Program 494
3.2 Results 496
4 BFRP-Concrete Debonding Load: Refinement Proposal of Technical Design Formulations 497
5 Conclusions 499
References 500
Numerical Modelling of GFRP Reinforced Thin Concrete Slabs 502
Abstract 502
1 Introduction 502
2 Overview of the Experimental Results 503
3 FEM Modelling 504
3.1 Material and Interface Modelling 505
3.2 Geometry and Boundary Conditions Modelling 507
4 Results 508
5 Discussion 510
6 Conclusions 511
References 512
Optimal Epoxy Dilution for Epoxy-Coated Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM): An Experimental Perspective 514
1 Introduction 515
2 Materials and Methods 516
2.1 Materials 516
2.2 Laminates Preparation 518
2.3 Experimental Investigation 519
3 Results and Discussion 520
3.1 Mechanical Testing Outcomes 520
3.2 Viscosity Measurement and SEM Analysis 522
4 Conclusions 524
References 525
Numerical-Parametric Analysis of Debonding Phenomena in FRCM-Strengthened Masonry Elements 527
Abstract 527
1 Introduction 528
2 Mechanical Properties of Frcm 528
3 Failure Modes of Frcm 530
4 Interface Models Present in Literature 531
5 Numerical Modeling 534
6 Proposed Modeling Strategy 535
7 Parametric Analisis 536
8 Conclusions 539
References 540
Analytical Modelling of the Tensile Response of PBO-FRCM Composites 542
Abstract 542
1 Introduction 542
2 Analytical Model for Tensile Tests 543
2.1 Analytical Simulation of Clevis-Grip Tensile Tests 545
3 Experimental Results 548
4 Comparison Between Analytical and Experimental Results 548
5 Conclusions 549
References 550
An Inter-element Fracture Approach for the Analysis of Concrete Cover Separation Failure in FRP-Reinforced RC Beams 552
Abstract 552
1 Introduction 553
2 Cohesive Methodology in a 2D Finite Element Framework 554
3 Description of the Numerical Model for FRP-Plated RC Beams 555
4 Validation of the Diffuse Interface Model 557
5 Concrete Cover Separation Analysis 559
6 Conclusions 562
Acknowledgement 563
References 563
Fiber-Reinforced Brittle-Matrix Composites: Discontinuous Phenomena and Optimization of the Components 565
Abstract 565
1 Introduction 565
2 Crack Growth Stability in Fibrous Composites 566
3 Brittle Matrix Structural Elements Reinforced with a Large Number of Fibers 567
4 Conclusions 571
References 571
Bond Behavior of TRM Systems and Reinforcement of Masonry Arches: Testing and Modelling 573
Abstract 573
1 Introduction 573
2 Materials and Methods 575
2.1 Specimens and Test Apparatus 575
2.2 Test Results and Discussion 577
3 TRM-Reinforced Masonry Arches. An Analytical Model 580
3.1 The Four-Bar Linkage for the Definition of the Un-strengthened Arch Mechanism 580
3.2 Definition of the Strengthened Configuration 582
4 Discussion and Conclusions 583
References 584
Investigation of Microscopic Instabilities in Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials by Using Multiscale Modeling Strategies 586
Abstract 586
1 Introduction 587
2 Theoretical Formulation 588
3 Description of Two Alternative Multiscale Approaches for the Microscopic Stability Analysis 589
3.1 Semi-concurrent Multiscale Approach 589
3.2 Hybrid Hierarchical/Concurrent Multiscale Approach 590
4 Numerical Results 591
4.1 Example 1: Bending of a Cantilever Beam Reinforced with Continuous Fibers 591
4.2 Example 2: Bending of a Simply Supported Beam Reinforced with Staggered Discontinuous Fibers 593
5 Conclusions 595
Acknowledgments 595
References 596
Mechanics and Materials 598
Mechanoluminescence in Scintillators 599
1 Introduction 599
2 Scintillators as Continua with Microstructure 600
2.1 Deformable Scintillators as Continua with Microstructure 600
2.2 The Excitation Carriers Density and the Scintillation Self-power 601
3 Balance Laws and Thermodynamics 603
3.1 Balance Laws 603
3.2 Thermodynamics 604
4 Mechanoluminescence 605
4.1 Totally Dissipative Scintillators. Constitutive Assumptions 605
4.2 Linearized Kinematics 606
5 Conclusions 607
References 607
Effective Constitutive Behavior of Heterogeneous Materials Comprising Bimodular Phases 609
1 Introduction 609
2 Materials and Methods 610
2.1 Numerical Procedure 612
3 Results 613
4 Conclusions 618
References 618
Locally Resonant Materials for Energy Harvesting at Small Scale 620
1 Introduction 620
2 Problem Description 622
2.1 Derivation of the Effective Properties for the LRM Parts 624
2.2 Governing Equations and General Solutions of the REH Problem 626
3 Transmission Analyses: Preliminary Studies 627
3.1 Infinitely Long Barrier 627
3.2 Tunneling Through a Single Finite Barrier 628
4 REH: The Enhancing of the Cavity Mechanical Energy 628
4.1 Average Energy Density Derivation 628
4.2 Optimization of the Energy Enhancement 630
4.3 Average Energy Density Inside the Homogeneous Parts 631
4.4 Average Energy Density Inside the Barriers 631
5 Example 633
6 Conclusions 637
References 638
Mechanics of Chemo-Mechanical Stimuli Responsive Soft Polymers 641
Abstract 641
1 Introduction 641
2 Micromechanics of a Polymer Network 642
3 Mechanics of Responsive Molecules 645
3.1 Physics of Responsive Molecules 645
3.2 Mechanics of Polymers in Presence of Swelling 646
3.3 Mechanics of Polymers with Responsive Molecules 647
4 Simulations 647
4.1 Polymer with Spiropyran Responsive Molecules Undera Mechanical Stress 647
4.2 Polymer with Molecules Responsive to a Chemical Stimulus 649
5 Conclusions 650
References 650
Time-Harmonic Dynamics of Curved Beams 652
1 Introduction 652
2 Dynamics of a Curved Beam 653
3 Dispersion Properties 655
3.1 Normalisation 655
3.2 Analytical Solution 656
3.3 Frequency Regimes 656
3.4 Propagating Modes 658
4 Transmission Problem 659
4.1 Transfer Matrix 660
4.2 Power Flow 662
4.3 Reflection, Transmission and Coupling 663
5 Conclusion 664
References 665
The Effects of a Large Elastic Mismatch on the Decohesion of Thin Films from Substrates 666
Abstract 666
1 Introduction 666
2 Model 667
3 Energy Release Rate and Mode Mixity Angle 669
4 Results and Discussion 670
5 Conclusions 672
Acknowledgments 673
References 673
Development of a Data Reduction Method for Composite Fracture Characterization Under Mode III Loadings 674
Abstract 674
1 Introduction 674
2 Method 676
3 Results 682
4 Conclusions 683
Acknowledgements 683
References 683
Mechanical Model of Fiber Morphogenesis in the Liver 685
1 Introduction 685
2 Species Diffusion in a Crystal Lattice 686
2.1 Kinematics, Kinetics and Species Power Balance 686
2.2 Power Balance Laws 688
2.3 Free Energy Imbalance 688
2.4 Free Energy Expression and Constitutive Characterization 689
2.5 Fick's Law 690
3 Cahn-Hilliard Equation 690
3.1 Free Energy 690
3.2 Microforce Balance Law 691
3.3 Dissipation Inequality 691
3.4 Balance Law Summary 692
4 Allen-Cahn Equation 693
4.1 Dissipation Inequality 693
4.2 Balance Law Summary 694
5 Active Species Diffusion 694
5.1 Uphill Diffusion and Aggregation 694
5.2 Active Chemical Potential Constitutive Characterization 695
6 Numerical Simulations 697
References 701
Modeling Approach and Finite Element Analyses of a Shape Memory Epoxy-Based Material 703
Abstract 703
1 Introduction 704
2 Materials and Methods 705
2.1 Experimental Characterization 705
2.2 Material Modelling 706
2.3 Star Folding Tests 709
2.4 Star Folding Model 710
3 Results 711
3.1 Material Characterization 712
3.2 Star Folding 715
4 Conclusions 716
References 717
Visco-Elasto-Plastic Experimental Characterization of Flax-Based Composites 719
1 Introduction 719
2 Rheological Models of Viscoleastic and Viscoplastic Materials 720
3 Materials and Methods 723
3.1 Monotonic Tensile Tests 723
3.2 Load-Unload Incremental Tests 723
3.3 Cyclic Tests 723
3.4 Creep 724
4 Experimental Results 724
5 Discussion 727
References 728
Discrete Homogenization Procedure for Estimating the Mechanical Properties of Nets and Pantographic Structures 730
1 Introduction 730
2 Homogenization of Periodic Discrete Medium 731
2.1 1D Model - Flexural Deformation 733
2.2 Strong Formulation 734
2.3 Weak Formulation 736
3 Discrete Homogenization for 2D Networks 738
3.1 Case Studies 738
4 Numerical Simulations 741
4.1 Fibre Network Material with Square Cells Rigidly Connected 742
4.2 Square Cell with Different Fibre Properties 742
4.3 Quadriaxial Network 743
5 Conclusion 745
References 745
Device Influence in Single Molecule Isotensional Experiments 747
1 Introduction 747
2 Model 749
3 Mechanical Limit 751
4 Temperature Effects 753
5 Discussions 755
References 756
Poro-Mechanical Analysis of a Biomimetic Scaffold for Osteochondral Defects 758
Abstract 758
1 Introduction 758
2 Mathematical Model 759
3 Results 763
4 Conclusions 767
References 767
Deformability Analysis and Improvement in Stretchable Electronics Systems Through Finite Element Analysis 769
1 Introduction 769
2 Materials and Methods 771
3 Results and Discussion 773
4 Conclusions 776
References 776
On the Role of Interatomic Potentials for Carbon Nanostructures 778
1 Introduction 778
2 The Molecular Mechanics Model 779
2.1 The Damped DREIDING Potential 783
3 Parametrization of the Interatomic Potentials and Numerical Results 784
3.1 SLGSs Under Periodic Conditions 784
3.2 Critical Discussion About the Bonding Potentials 786
3.3 Tensile Tests of SLGSs of Finite Size 789
4 Conclusions 792
References 793
Impact of Sunlight on the Durability of Laminated Glass Panes 795
Abstract 795
1 Introduction 795
2 Mechanical Model for Thermo Viscoelasticity 797
2.1 Creep Compliance and Relaxation Modulus 797
2.2 Master Curve 798
2.3 Time Temperature Superposition Principle 799
3 Experimental Analysis 800
4 Numerical Simulation of Tests on Blank Specimens 802
5 Analysis of the Consequences of Solar Radiation 804
6 Conclusions 807
References 808
Multiscale Analysis of Materials with Anisotropic Microstructure as Micropolar Continua 810
1 Introduction 811
2 Anisotropic Theory of Micropolar Elasticity 811
3 Finite Element Formulation 812
4 Numerical Applications 814
5 Conclusions 819
References 819
Experimental Evaluation of Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Based on Flag-Flutter 821
1 Introduction 821
2 Experimental Setup 823
2.1 Methodology 823
2.2 Setup 823
2.3 Results and Discussion 826
3 Conclusions 829
References 829
Modelling and Analysis of Small-Scale Structures 831
Experimental Investigation on Structural Vibrations by a New Shaking Table 832
1 Introduction 832
2 Materials and Methods 834
2.1 The Test-Rig 834
2.2 The Mathematical Model 837
3 Results 839
4 Conclusions 841
References 841
Bending and Buckling of Timoshenko Nano-Beams in Stress-Driven Approach 845
1 Introduction 845
2 Non-local Timoshenko Beam Model 846
3 Modified Total Potential Energy for Non-local Timoshenko Beams 847
4 Numerical Solutions by the Ritz Method 850
4.1 Cantilever Timoshenko Nano-Beam Subject to a Distributed Transverse Load 851
4.2 Buckling Load of Timoshenko Nano-Beam 851
5 Conclusions 853
References 854
Shear Effects in Elastic Nanobeams 855
1 Introduction 855
2 Problem Position 856
2.1 Beam's Constitutive Equations 857
3 The Beam Problem 858
4 Strategy Solution of the Governing Beam's Equations 860
4.1 Evaluation of the Stresses 862
5 Numerical Application and Conclusions 863
References 866
Theoretical and Applied Biomechanics 867
Cardiac Fluid Dynamics in Prolapsed and Repaired Mitral Valve 868
Abstract 868
1 Introduction 868
2 Materials and Methods 870
2.1 Geometries 870
2.2 Numerical Model 873
3 Results 874
3.1 Fluid Dynamics Analysis 874
4 Conclusion 877
References 877
A Patient-Specific Mechanical Modeling of Metastatic Femurs 879
1 Introduction 880
2 Materials and Methods 881
2.1 Case Study 881
2.2 CT-Based FE Modelling 882
2.3 FE Analyses 884
3 Results 885
4 Discussion 887
5 Conclusions 889
References 890
Exploring THz Protein Vibrations by Means of Modal Analysis: All-Atom vs Coarse-Grained Model 892
Abstract 892
1 Introduction 892
2 Methodology 894
2.1 All-Atom Model Based on Covalent Bonds 894
2.2 Coarse-Grained Model Based on Backbone Bonds 895
2.3 Coarse-Grained Space Truss Model with Long-Range Interactions 896
3 Results and Discussion 897
4 Conclusions 898
References 898
Protein Conformational Changes: What Can Geometric Nonlinear Analysis Tell Us? 900
Abstract 900
1 Introduction 900
2 Methodology 902
2.1 Protein Elastic Network Model 902
2.2 Evaluation of the Open-to-Closed Conformational Change 903
2.3 Equilibrium Equations in the Undeformed Structure (Linear Analysis) 904
2.4 Equilibrium Equations in the Deformed Structure (Geometric Nonlinear Analysis) 904
2.5 Comparison Between Linear and Nonlinear Analysis 905
3 Results and Discussion 905
4 Conclusions 907
References 908
Comparison Between Numerical and MRI Data of Ascending Aorta Hemodynamics in a Circulatory Mock Loop 909
1 Introduction 910
2 Problem Definition 910
3 Numerical Methodology and Simulation Set-Up 911
4 Experimental Set-Up 912
5 Main Results 914
6 Conclusions 917
References 917
Development of a Fully Controllable Real-Time Pump to Reproduce Left Ventricle Physiological Flow 919
1 Introduction 920
2 Materials and Methods 921
2.1 Waveform Analytic Modeling 921
2.2 Pump System HW and SW 923
2.3 Validation Tests 923
3 Results 925
4 Discussion 926
5 Conclusions 928
References 929
A Genetic Algorithm for the Estimation of Viscoelastic Parameters of Biological Samples Manipulated by Mems Tweezers 931
1 Introduction 931
2 Experimental Technique 933
3 Mechanical Model 934
4 Genetic Algorithm Implementation 937
5 Simulations and Results 938
6 Conclusions 940
References 940
A Single Integral Approach to Fractional Order Non-Linear Hereditariness 943
1 Introduction 943
2 The Fractional Hereditary Materials (FHM) 945
3 The Non-Linear Model of Material Hereditariness 948
3.1 The Non-Linear Creep and Relaxation Function 948
3.2 The Single Integral Model of Fractional-Order Material Hereditariness 951
3.3 Numerical Analysis 953
4 Conclusions 954
References 954
Shell and Spatial Structures 956
R-Funicularity of Analytical Shells 957
1 Introduction 957
2 Funicular Shells 958
2.1 Form-Finding of Compressed Shells by the Membrane Theory 959
2.2 Funicular Shells on a Rectangular Base 959
2.3 R-Funicularity 962
3 Numerical Comparisons 963
4 Conclusions 966
References 966
Stability Evaluation by Digital Image Correlation of a Masonry Vault Prototype Under Loading 968
Abstract 968
1 Introduction 968
2 Form Finding and HP 970
3 Experimental Tests: The Physical Model 972
4 Digital Image Correlation 973
5 Conclusions 975
References 976
On the Straight-Helicoid to Spiral-Ribbon Transition in Thin Elastic Ribbons 977
1 Introduction 977
2 Thin Ribbons as Internally Constrained Rods 978
3 The Straight Helicoidal and Spiral Ribbon States 981
4 Classification of Equilibrium States 984
References 985
Pressure Field Correlation for Buildings with Hyperbolic Paraboloid Roofs: Results of Wind-Tunnel Tests 987
Abstract 987
1 Introduction 987
2 Wind-Tunnel Experimental Campaign 988
2.1 The Sample Model 989
2.2 Wind-Tunnel Pressure Coefficients 989
3 Pressure Field Correlation 991
3.1 Dependence of Pressure Coefficients on the Size of the Reference Area 991
3.2 Effective Pressure Coefficients 991
3.3 Results of Wind-Tunnel Tests 993
4 Conclusions 997
Acknowledgments 997
References 998
Equilibrium Analysis of a Sail Vault in Livorno’s Fortezza Vecchia Through a Modern Re-edition of the Stability Area Method 999
Abstract 999
1 Introduction 999
2 Structural Analysis of Sail Vaults: A Brief Overview 1002
3 Geometrical and Mechanical Parameters Characterizing the Sail Vault in Fortezza Vecchia 1003
4 Assessment of the Sail Vault Stability 1004
4.1 A Modern Version of Durand-Claye’s Method for Equilibrium Analysis of Sail Vaults 1004
5 Conclusions 1006
Acknowledgments 1007
References 1007
Vehicle Dynamics 1009
Front Wheel Patter Instability of Motorcycles in Straight Braking Manoeuvre 1010
Abstract 1010
1 Introduction 1010
2 Minimal Model 1011
2.1 Description of the Model 1011
2.2 Non-linear Equations of Motion 1013
2.3 Linearized Constitutive Equation of the Longitudinal Ground Force 1014
2.4 Linearized Equations of Motion 1016
3 Stability Analysis 1017
3.1 Stability Maps 1017
3.2 Comparison with a Multibody Planar Motorcycle Model 1023
3.3 The Source of Instability 1026
4 Conclusions 1028
References 1028
T.R.I.C.K. Real Time. A Tool for the Real-Time Onboard Tire Performance Evaluation 1029
Abstract 1029
1 Introduction 1030
2 The Algorithm 1031
2.1 Algorithm Stages 1031
2.2 Input Parameters 1031
2.3 Input Signals 1031
2.4 Signal Filtering 1032
2.5 Model Structure 1032
2.5.1 Tire Forces 1032
2.5.2 Lateral Opposite Force Correction 1034
2.5.3 Delta Angles and Inclination Angles 1037
3 Comparison of Trick Forces with Pacejka Model 1038
4 Conclusions and Further Developments 1040
References 1040
Preliminary Implementation of Model-Based Algorithms for Truck Tire Characterizations from Outdoor Sessions 1042
Abstract 1042
1 Introduction 1043
2 Data Acquisition Procedure 1044
2.1 Vehicle and Instruments 1044
2.2 Test Procedure 1045
3 The Tool 1045
3.1 Input Parameters 1045
3.2 Input Signals 1046
3.3 Model Structure 1046
3.3.1 Tire Forces 1046
3.3.2 Tangential Forces in Wheel Reference System 1048
3.3.3 Slip Indices 1049
4 Results Analysis and Tire-Road Interaction 1049
5 Conclusions and Further Developments 1052
References 1053
Experimental Activity for the Analysis of Tires Tread Responses at Different Conditions with a Dynamic Dial Indicator 1054
Abstract 1054
1 Introduction 1054
2 Device and Acquired Signal Description 1055
3 Testing Procedure Description 1058
4 Output Signal Processing 1058
5 Temperature Effect on Tire Compounds Analysis 1061
6 Analysis of Further Effects on Tires Compound Behaviour 1065
7 Conclusions 1067
Acknowledgment 1068
References 1068
A Physical-Analytical Model for Friction Hysteretic Contribution Estimation Between Tyre Tread and Road Asperities 1070
Abstract 1070
1 Introduction 1071
2 Theoretical Analysis 1074
3 Simulations 1078
4 Further Model Improvements 1080
5 Conclusions 1082
References 1083
Torque Vectoring Control for Fully Electric SAE Cars 1084
Abstract 1084
1 Introduction 1084
2 Vehicle Model 1085
3 Torque Vectoring Control 1088
4 Reference Trajectory and Driver Model 1089
5 Preliminary Results 1090
6 Conclusions 1092
References 1092
On the Implementation of an Innovative Temperature-Sensitive Version of Pacejka’s MF in Vehicle Dynamics Simulations 1093
Abstract 1093
1 Introduction 1094
2 Tire Analysis and Simulation Tools 1095
2.1 TRICK 1095
2.2 TRIP-ID 1096
2.3 Thermal and Grip Models 1097
3 MF-evo Interaction Model 1098
4 Conclusions 1100
References 1101
Towards T.R.I.C.K. 2.0 – A Tool for the Evaluation of the Vehicle Performance Through the Use of an Advanced Sensor System 1102
Abstract 1102
1 Introduction 1103
2 Laser Sensors 1103
3 Roll Angle Estimation 1104
4 Aerodynamic Forces Formulation 1106
4.1 Aerodynamic Maps 1106
4.2 Aerodynamic Forces Calculation 1107
5 Conclusion 1110
References 1110
On the Torque Steer Problem for Front-Wheel-Drive Electric Cars 1112
Abstract 1112
1 Introduction 1112
2 Torque Steer Theory 1114
2.1 Case 1 1115
2.2 Case 2 1116
2.3 Case 3 1117
2.4 Case 4 1119
3 Analysis of the Torque Steer Effects 1120
3.1 Suspension Kinematics and Its Effects 1121
3.2 Torque Vectoring and Its Effects 1123
3.3 Suspension Re-design for Torque Vectoring 1126
4 Track Laps 1129
5 Conclusions 1132
References 1133
Analysis of Multiscale Theories for Viscoelastic Rubber Friction 1134
Abstract 1134
1 Introduction 1134
2 Experimental Data 1137
2.1 Viscoelastic Modulus 1137
2.2 Surface Roughness Power Spectrum 1139
2.3 Friction 1139
3 Analysis of Multiscale Theories 1140
4 Conclusions 1143
References 1144
A Preliminary Study for the Comparison of Different Pacejka Formulations Towards Vehicle Dynamics Behaviour 1145
Abstract 1145
1 Introduction 1146
2 Simulation Environment 1147
3 Manoeuvers 1147
4 Implementation and Results 1148
5 KPI and Sensitivity Test 1151
6 Conclusions 1152
References 1153
Novel Approaches in Computational Mechanics 1154
Large Rotation Finite Element Analysis of 3D Beams Based on Incremental Rotation Vector and Exact Strain Measures 1155
1 Introduction 1155
2 An Overview of 3D Rotations 1157
2.1 Rotation Tensor 1157
2.2 Additive Variations 1157
2.3 Variations of Rotation and Curvature Tensors with Respect to the Rotation Vector 1158
2.4 Kinematics of the 3D Beam Structural Model 1158
3 A New Finite Element Formulation 1160
3.1 From Incremental to Local Variables 1160
3.2 Internal Force Vector and Tangent Stiffness Matrix in Corotational Variables 1161
3.3 Internal Force Vector and Tangent Stiffness Matrix in Incremental Variables 1161
4 Numerical Tests 1162
4.1 Deployable Ring 1162
5 Conclusions 1165
References 1165
MEMS Resonators: Numerical Modeling 1167
1 Introduction 1167
2 Double-Ended Tuning Fork Resonator 1168
3 Numerical Modeling 1169
4 Fabrication 1172
5 Conclusions 1173
References 1173
A Mixed Membrane Finite Element for Masonry Structures 1175
1 Introduction 1175
2 Hu–Washizu Mixed Formulation 1177
3 Interpolation of Unknown Fields 1178
3.1 Displacement and Stress Interpolation 1179
3.2 Strain Interpolation 1179
4 Element State Determination 1179
5 Numerical Simulations 1181
6 Conclusions 1183
References 1183
Isogeometric Collocation Methods for the Nonlinear Dynamics of Three-Dimensional Timoshenko Beams 1187
1 Introduction 1187
2 Theoretical Background 1189
2.1 The Configuration Manifold and Its Tangent Spaces 1189
3 Balance Equations in Strong Form 1190
4 Time and Space Discretizations 1190
4.1 Explicit (Spatial) Newmark Scheme 1190
4.2 Implicit (Material) Newmark Scheme 1191
5 Numerical Results 1192
5.1 Swinging Flexible Pendulum 1192
5.2 Three-Dimensional Flying Beam 1193
6 Conclusions 1195
References 1195
Meso-Scale Prediction of Insulating Mortar Thermal Properties 1198
1 Introduction 1198
2 The Mesoscale Model 1199
3 Meso-Scale Simulations 1200
4 Conclusions 1205
References 1206
Implicit G1-Conforming Plate Elements 1208
1 Introduction 1208
2 The CG1-Finite Element Formulation 1210
2.1 Triangular Case: P4 and the S12 Polynomial Interpolation Spaces 1210
2.2 Quadrilateral Case: Q3 Polynomial Interpolation Spaces 1211
3 The Gregory Patches 1211
3.1 Gregory Patches Properties 1213
3.2 Change of Basis 1215
3.3 Conforming Interpolation for the Displacement wh 1216
3.4 Elimination of the Corners Discontinuities 1216
3.5 Constrained CG1/3- and CG1/4-Formulations 1218
4 Numerical Investigations 1219
4.1 Patch Test 1219
4.2 Simply Supported Square Plate Under Uniform Pressure 1221
5 Conclusions 1223
References 1223
Enhanced Beam Formulations with Cross-Section Warping Under Large Displacements 1225
1 Introduction 1225
2 Mixed 3D Beam Finite Element 1226
3 Direct 1D Beam Model 1229
4 Applications and Comparisons 1230
4.1 Computational Details for the Mixed 3D Beam FE 1231
4.2 Results 1232
5 Conclusions 1235
References 1236
An Orthotropic Multi-surface Elastic-Damaging-Plastic Model with Regularized XFEM Interfaces for Wood Structures 1238
1 Introduction 1238
2 Two-Dimensional Multi-surface Elastic-Plastic-Damaging Constitutive Model 1240
2.1 Ductile Failure Modes 1241
2.2 Brittle Failure Modes 1243
2.3 The Multi-surface Failure Envelope 1244
3 The Regularized Extended Finite Element Method (RE-XFEM) 1245
3.1 Regularized Discontinuous Regime 1246
3.2 Continuous-Discontinuous Transition 1247
4 Results 1247
4.1 Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) Tests 1247
4.2 Embedment Tests 1249
5 Conclusions 1250
References 1251
A Numerical Study on Explicit vs Implicit Time Integration of the Vermeer-Neher Constitutive Model 1253
1 Introduction 1253
2 Constitutive Relationship and Residual Definition 1254
2.1 Residual Definition for the Local Problem 1256
3 Calculation of the Overall Stiffness Matrix 1258
4 Numerical Tests 1259
4.1 Test 1: Monotonic Loading 1259
4.2 Test 2: Loading and Unloading 1261
4.3 Subsidence Evaluation for a Case Study 1262
References 1263
A Full Orthotropic Bond-Based Peridynamic Formulation for Linearly Elastic Solids 1265
1 Introduction 1265
2 Micropolar Peridynamics 1267
2.1 A Full Orthotropic Model 1272
3 Validation of the Micropolar Model in Elasticity 1277
3.1 Natural Frequency Analysis 1282
4 Conclusions 1285
References 1285
Mechanics and Geometry 1289
Mechanics of Surface Growth: Stability of 1D and 2D Treadmilling Systems 1290
1 Introduction 1290
2 Model 1291
2.1 Setting 1291
2.2 Mechanics 1292
2.3 Diffusion 1292
2.4 Growth 1293
2.5 Constitutive Behaviour 1293
3 Reduction to a Differential Algebraic System 1294
3.1 Mechanics 1294
3.2 Diffusion 1295
3.3 Growth 1295
3.4 Differential-Algebraic System 1296
4 Treadmilling Solutions and Stability 1296
4.1 Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions 1296
4.2 Stability of Solutions 1297
4.3 Lack of Solutions 1298
5 Conclusions 1298
References 1299
Dynamics and Stability of Mechanical Systems 1300
Condition Monitoring of Wind Turbine Gearboxes Through On-site Measurement and Vibration Analysis Techniques 1301
1 Introduction 1301
2 The Test Case and the On-site Measurements 1303
3 Analysis and Results 1306
4 Conclusions 1310
References 1311
A Damage Identification Procedure for Steel Truss 1313
Abstract 1313
1 Introduction 1313
2 Direct Problem 1314
2.1 Stochastic State Space Model 1317
2.2 Stochastic Subspace Identification 1317
3 Modal and Damage Identification 1319
4 Conclusions 1320
Acknowledgments 1321
References 1321
Stability Analysis of Parametrically Excited Gyroscopic Systems 1322
Abstract 1322
1 Introduction 1322
2 Model and Methods 1323
2.1 Equations of Motion 1323
2.2 Harmonic Balance Method 1326
3 Stability Analysis 1327
3.1 Simple Shaft Without Gyroscopic and Stabilizing Damping Effects 1327
3.2 Simple Shaft with Stabilizing Damping Effects 1328
3.3 Simple Shaft with Gyroscopic Effects 1330
3.4 Simple Shaft with Gyroscopic and Internal (Rotating) Damping Effects 1332
3.5 Shaft with Additional Inertial Elements 1334
4 Conclusions 1336
References 1337
The Relaxation Function in Viscoelasticity: Classical and Non-classical Thermodynamically Admissible Examples 1338
1 Introduction 1338
2 General Framework of the Problem: The Viscoelasticity Model 1339
3 Non Regular Kernels 1341
3.1 Unbounded Kernels 1341
3.2 Weakly Regular Kernels 1342
4 Conclusions and Perspectives 1342
References 1343
An Efficient Computational Strategy for Nonlinear Time History Analysis of Seismically Base-Isolated Structures 1346
1 Introduction 1346
2 Nonlinear Equilibrium Equations 1348
3 Conventional Solution Strategy 1349
3.1 Phenomenological Models 1349
3.2 Conventional Time Integration Method 1350
4 Proposed Solution Strategy 1351
4.1 Proposed Phenomenological Model 1352
4.2 Proposed Explicit Time Integration Method 1353
5 Numerical Experiments 1354
5.1 Base-Isolated Structure Properties 1355
5.2 Applied Earthquake Excitation 1355
5.3 Hysteretic Models Parameters 1355
5.4 Numerical Results 1355
6 Conclusions 1357
References 1358
Rubber-Layer Roller Bearings (RLRB) for Base Isolation: The Non-linear Dynamic Behavior 1360
Abstract 1360
1 Introduction 1360
2 Formulation 1362
3 Results 1364
3.1 Sinusoidal Excitation 1366
3.2 Seismic Excitation 1367
4 Conclusions 1368
References 1368
A Closed Form Solution for the Buckling Analysis of Orthotropic Reddy Plate and Prismatic Plate Structures 1370
Abstract 1370
1 Introduction 1370
2 Problem Formulation 1371
3 Levy-Type Model 1374
4 Examples 1377
4.1 Flat Plates 1377
4.2 Stiffened Plates 1378
5 Conclusions 1380
References 1381
Non-linear Dynamic Analysis for Collapse Probability Assessment of Historic Masonry Towers 1382
Abstract 1382
1 Introduction 1382
2 Masonry Tower Case Study 1383
3 Dynamic Tests and Model Updating 1384
3.1 Experimental Tests and Data Analysis 1384
3.2 Finite Element Model 1386
3.3 Genetic Algorithm Model Updating 1387
4 Probabilistic Framework 1388
4.1 Nonlinear Modelling of Masonry 1388
4.2 Nonlinear Time-History Analyses and Seismic Vulnerability 1389
5 Concluding Remarks 1391
References 1391
On the Influence of Drag Force Modeling in Long-Span Suspension Bridge Flutter Analysis 1393
Abstract 1393
1 Introduction 1393
2 Aerodynamic Actions and Flutter Analysis Methods 1394
2.1 Aerodynamic Action Modeling 1394
2.2 Finite Element Flutter Analysis 1395
2.3 Semi-analytic Continuum Model for Flutter Analysis with Drag-Induced Second-Order Effects 1395
3 Case Study and Results 1397
4 Final Remarks and Conclusions 1401
References 1401
Experimental Study on Large Amplitude Vibrations of a Circular Cylindrical Shell Subjected to Thermal Gradients 1403
Abstract 1403
1 Introduction 1403
2 Test Setup Description 1404
3 Experimental Results 1405
4 Conclusions 1409
References 1409
Vibrations of Circular Cylindrical Shells Under Random Excitation and Thermal Gradients 1411
Abstract 1411
1 Introduction 1411
2 Setup 1413
3 Test Procedure and Methods 1415
4 Results 1416
5 Conclusions 1420
References 1420
A Simple Model for Predicting the Nonlinear Dynamic Behavior of Elastic Systems Subjected to Friction 1421
Abstract 1421
1 Introduction 1422
2 Mechanical Model 1422
3 Sticking and Sliding 1424
3.1 The Sticking Phase 1424
3.2 The Sliding Phase 1425
4 Limit Cycles 1426
4.1 Sticking Limit Cycles 1426
4.2 Sliding Limit Cycles 1426
4.3 System Parameters and Long-Term Responses 1427
5 Application 1428
5.1 Simulation Cases 1428
6 Conclusions 1430
References 1431
Substructuring Using NNMs of Nonlinear Connecting Elements 1432
1 Introduction 1432
2 Theoretical Background 1433
2.1 Substructuring 1433
2.2 Nonlinear Normal Modes 1435
2.3 Modal Coupling Using NNMs 1437
3 Applications 1440
3.1 5-DOFs System with Hardening Spring 1440
3.2 2-DOFs System with Softening Spring 1443
4 Concluding Remarks 1445
References 1446
Design of a Membrane Structure Subjected to Blast Load 1447
1 Introduction 1447
2 Description of the Case Study 1448
3 Structures Subjected to External Blasts 1449
3.1 Technical Recommendations 1449
3.2 Design Procedures 1449
4 Determination of Loads 1450
4.1 Loads over Tent's Walls 1452
4.2 Load Cases 1455
5 Numerical Model 1457
5.1 Results 1458
6 Conclusions 1462
References 1463
Dynamic Substructuring with Time Variant Interface Due to Sliding Friction 1465
1 Introduction 1465
2 Theoretical Background 1466
2.1 Substructuring 1466
2.2 Solution Approach in Time Domain 1468
2.3 Time Dependent Frequency Response Function 1470
3 Beam on Beam System and Numerical Results 1471
3.1 Numerical Model 1471
3.2 Simplified Contact Algorithm 1473
3.3 Time Domain Results Using Primal and Dual Assembly 1475
3.4 Time Dependent FRF Using Dual Assembly 1478
4 Conclusions 1478
References 1479
Homogenization of a Heat Conduction Problem with a Total Flux Boundary Condition 1481
1 Introduction 1481
2 The Microscopic Problem 1482
2.1 Geometrical Setting 1482
2.2 Position of the Problem 1483
3 Time-Depending Unfolding Operator 1485
4 Homogenization 1487
References 1492
Experimental and Numerical Response Analysis of a Unilaterally Constrained SDOF System Under Harmonic Base Excitation 1494
Abstract 1494
1 Introduction 1494
2 Experimental Tests 1496
3 Numerical Model 1497
4 Results 1498
5 Conclusions and Future Developments 1501
References 1502
Optimal Sensors Placement for Damage Detection of Beam Structures 1504
1 Introduction 1504
2 Proposed Method 1505
2.1 Beam Formulation 1505
2.2 Optimal Sensors Placement 1508
3 Case Study 1511
4 Conclusions 1516
References 1517
Shake Table Testing of a Tuned Mass Damper Inerter (TMDI)-Equipped Structure and Nonlinear Dynamic Modeling Under Harmonic Excitations 1518
Abstract 1518
1 Introduction 1518
2 Physical Model, Shaking Table Setup, and Instrumentation 1519
3 Frequency Domain Experimental Response Characterization 1521
4 Nonlinear Numerical Modeling and Assessment 1522
5 Conclusions 1525
References 1526
An Appraisal of Modelling Strategies for Assessing Aeolian Vibrations of Transmission Lines 1528
1 Introduction 1528
2 The Energy Balance Method 1529
2.1 Wind Power Input 1530
2.2 Cable Self-damping 1530
2.3 Power Dissipation Due to Additional Dampers 1531
3 Dynamic Response of Overhead Power Lines 1533
3.1 Impedance Matrix 1533
3.2 Semi-analytical Procedure for the Evaluation of the Line Modal Properties 1535
4 Applications 1536
5 Conclusions 1539
References 1539
On the Modelling of the Hysteretic Behaviour of Wire Rope Isolators 1541
1 Introduction 1541
2 Black Box Approaches for WRIs 1542
3 Mechanical Model of WRIs 1543
3.1 Moment-Curvature Law for the Rope Cross-Section 1544
3.2 The Corotational Beam Element 1545
4 Numerical Applications 1546
5 Conclusions 1547
References 1547
Optical Flow Dynamic Measurements with High-Speed Camera on a Small-Scale Steel Frame Structure 1549
Abstract 1549
1 Introduction 1549
2 Particle Tracking Algorithm 1550
3 Experiments 1551
3.1 Experimental Setup 1551
3.2 Results 1554
4 Conclusions 1560
Acknowledgments 1560
References 1560
Stochastic Mechanics and Probability in Engineering 1562
Stochastic Seismic Assessment of Bridge Networks by Matrix Based System Reliability Method 1563
Abstract 1563
1 Introduction 1563
2 MSR-Based Prioritization Strategy 1564
2.1 Formulation of System Reliability 1564
2.2 Construction of the Probability Vector 1565
2.3 Construction of the Probability Event Vector 1565
3 Reliability of the Network 1566
4 Case Study 1566
4.1 Problem Statement 1566
4.2 Probability of Disconnection Between Cities 1568
4.3 Probability of Disconnection of Paths Under Seismic Risk 1569
5 Conclusions 1569
Acknowledgments 1569
References 1569
Influence of User-Defined Parameters Using Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI) 1571
Abstract 1571
1 Introduction 1571
2 Data-Driven Stochastic Subspace Identification Method 1573
3 Case Study: Reinforced Concrete Building in Alcamo 1576
3.1 Data Acquisition and Measurement Setup 1576
3.2 Identification of the Modal Parameters 1577
3.3 Influence of the Number of Block Rows i in Hankel Matrix and of the Length of the Signal on the SSI Method 1578
3.4 Comparison Between SSI Method and EFDD Method 1580
4 Conclusions 1583
Acknowledgment 1584
References 1584
Analysis of Truss-Like Cracked Structures with Uncertain-but-Bounded Depths 1587
Abstract 1587
1 Introduction 1587
2 Formulation of the Problem 1588
2.1 Damaged Member with Uncertain-but-Bounded Crack Depth 1588
2.2 Governing Equation for a Truss Structure with Cracked Members 1589
3 Response Bounds 1590
4 Numerical Application 1592
5 Conclusions 1593
References 1594
Vibration Based Bayesian Inference for Finite Element Model Parameters Estimation and Damage Detection 1595
1 Introduction 1596
2 Bayesian Inference for the Estimation of FE Model Parameters Using Noisy Modal Data 1597
2.1 General Formulation of the Probabilistic Model 1597
2.2 Bayesian Updating Framework Using Noisy Modal Data 1597
2.3 Likelihood Function 1598
2.4 Prior Distribution 1599
2.5 Posterior Distribution 1600
3 Numerical Example: Damage Detection on a Cable Stayed Footbridge 1601
3.1 Numerical Model, Ambient Vibration Tests and Bayesian Updating of the Cable Stayed Footbridge 1601
3.2 Uncertainty Analysis of System Identification Results Obtained for the Cable Stayed Footbridge 1603
3.3 Effects of Cable Damage on the Eigenproperties 1604
3.4 Bayesian Damage Detection 1607
4 Conclusion 1608
References 1609
An Innovative Ambient Identification Method 1612
Abstract 1612
1 Introduction 1612
2 Identification Algorithm 1614
3 Numerical Analysis on a 3DOF System 1620
4 Conclusions 1626
References 1627
Speeding up the Stochastic Linearisation for Systems Controlled by Non-linear Passive Devices 1629
1 Introduction 1630
2 Stochastic Linearisation for Passive Control Devices 1631
2.1 System Controlled with Fluid Viscous Dampers 1632
2.2 System Controlled by Multi-NES 1633
2.3 Systems Controlled by Multiple TLCDs 1634
3 Analytical Evaluation of Response Statistics 1635
4 Numerical Applications 1640
5 Conclusions 1643
References 1646
Comparison of Surrogate Models for Handling Uncertainties in SHM of Historic Buildings 1649
1 Introduction 1649
2 Theoretical Background: Surrogate Modelling 1650
2.1 Response Surface Method (RSM) 1650
2.2 Kriging Model 1651
2.3 Random Sampling High-Dimensional Model Representation (RS-HDMR) 1651
3 Surrogate-Based Continuous Assessment of Historic Structures 1652
4 Validation Case Study and Discussion 1653
4.1 Finite Element Modelling 1654
4.2 Comparison of Surrogate Models 1655
4.3 Surrogate-Based Continuous Structural Assessment of the Sciri Tower 1658
5 Conclusions 1660
References 1660
Is It True that the Higher the Number of Plies is, the Safer is a Brittle Laminate? 1662
Abstract 1662
1 Introduction 1662
2 Probabilistic Models of the Strength 1664
3 Failure Probability of Brittle Laminates 1665
3.1 Case Studies 1665
3.2 “Failure Modes” Approach 1666
3.3 Materials with Volume Size Effect (VSE) 1666
3.4 Materials with Area Size Effect (ASE) 1668
3.5 Materials with no Size Effect (NSE) 1671
4 Conclusions 1672
References 1672
Stress-Driven Approach for Stochastic Analysis of Noisy Nonlocal Beam 1674
1 Introduction 1674
2 Nonlocal Models in Bending Problem 1675
2.1 Eringen's Model 1675
2.2 Stress-Driven Formulation 1676
3 Bending Vibrations of Beam with Stress-Driven Nonlocality 1678
3.1 Free Vibrations of Undamped Nonlocal Beam 1680
3.2 Forced Vibrations of Damped Nonlocal Beam 1682
4 Stochastic Response of Nonlocal Damped Beam 1683
4.1 Steady-State Response 1684
5 Numerical Applications 1685
6 Conclusions 1688
References 1688
Laplace’s Method of Integration in the Path Integral Approach for the Probabilistic Response of Nonlinear Systems 1691
Abstract 1691
1 Introduction 1691
2 The Laplace’s Method of Integration 1692
3 Application of the Laplace’s Method for the Pathi Integral Approach 1693
4 Numerical Applications 1696
5 Conclusions 1697
References 1698
Estimation of Masonry Texture and Mechanical Characteristics by Means of Thermographic Images 1700
1 Introduction 1700
2 Thermography 1701
3 Homogenization 1702
4 Texture Identification 1703
5 Effect of Uncertainties 1704
6 Conclusions 1705
References 1705
Fractional Viscoelasticity Under Combined Stress and Temperature Variations 1707
1 Introduction 1707
2 Preliminary Concepts and Definitions 1708
3 Step Material Parameters Variation with Temperature 1710
4 Numerical Applications 1713
4.1 Analysis with Deterministic History of Stress 1713
4.2 Analysis with Stochastic History of Stress 1717
5 Conclusions 1719
References 1719
Explicit Assessment of the Forced Vibration of Multi-cracked Beams with Uncertain Damage Intensity 1722
Abstract 1722
1 Introduction 1722
2 The Governing Equations of the Forced Vibration of Multi-cracked Beams 1724
3 Explicit Approximated Approach 1726
4 Applications 1729
5 Conclusions 1731
Acknowledgement 1732
References 1732
Recent Advances and Challenges in Structural Mechanics and Engineering 1733
Koiter Method and Solid Shell Finite Elements for Postbuckling Optimisation of Variable Angle Tow Composite Structures 1734
1 Introduction 1734
2 Optimisation of a Composite VAT Wingbox 1736
2.1 VAT Wingbox 1737
2.2 Optimisation Strategy 1738
2.3 Optimisation Algorithms 1739
3 Numerical Results 1739
3.1 Optimisation 1739
4 Conclusions 1743
References 1743
Equilibrium of the von Mises Truss in Nonlinear Elasticity 1746
1 Introduction 1746
2 Preliminary Notions 1747
3 Formulation of the Boundary-Value Problem 1749
4 Global Equilibrium and Stability 1751
5 Equilibrium Paths for the Case of Mooney-Rivlin Material 1752
6 Conclusions 1754
References 1755
Modeling of Carbon and Polyester Elastomeric Isolators in Unbounded Configuration by Using an Efficient Uniaxial Hysteretic Model 1756
Abstract 1756
1 Introduction 1756
2 Experimental Program 1757
2.1 Test Protocols 1758
2.2 Experimental Results 1760
3 Numerical Model 1760
3.1 Parameter Calibration 1762
3.2 Comparison 1763
4 Conclusions 1764
References 1765
Energetic and Geometric Criteria for Defining Shear-Deformable Beam Models 1766
1 Introduction 1766
2 Overview of Saint Venant's Solid Model 1768
3 Derivation of the Shear-Deformable Beam Model 1769
3.1 Energetic Derivation of the 1D Beam Model 1770
3.2 Geometric Derivation of the 1D Beam Model 1771
3.3 Equivalence of the Energetic and Geometric Approach 1774
4 Conclusions 1774
References 1775
Use, Effectiveness and Long Term Reliability of MR Dampers for Seismic Protection of Framed Structures 1776
Abstract 1776
1 Introduction 1776
2 Experimental Issues in Testing a SA MR Control System 1778
3 Effectiveness of a SA MR Control System Through an Experimental Activity 1780
3.1 Experimental Activity 1780
3.2 Control Logics 1781
3.3 Main Results 1782
4 Ageing Effects on Long Term Reliability of MR Dampers 1783
5 Conclusions 1785
References 1786
Curved and Twisted Beam Models for Aeroelastic Analysis of Wind Turbine Blades in Large Displacement 1788
Abstract 1788
1 Introduction 1788
2 Blades Modeling: Approaches Overview 1789
3 Beam-Like Structures: Mechanical Modeling 1790
3.1 Beam-Like Model 1 (BLM1) 1790
3.2 Beam-Like Model 2 (BLM2) 1794
3.3 Warping Displacements in BLM2 1797
4 Examples and Results 1798
5 Conclusions 1799
References 1799
The Non-smooth Dynamics of Multiple Leaf Masonry Walls of the Arquata Del Tronto Fortress 1801
Abstract 1801
1 Introduction 1801
2 Historical Developments of the Medieval Fortress 1803
2.1 Damage of the Arquata del Tronto Fortress After the Central Italy Earthquakes of 2016 1805
3 The Non-Smooth Contact Dynamics Method 1805
4 Numerical Results 1808
5 Conclusions 1809
References 1809
A Simplified Beam-Like Model for the Dynamic Analysis of Multi-storey Buildings 1811
Abstract 1811
1 Introduction 1811
2 The Considered Beam-Like Model 1812
2.1 The Rayleigh Ritz Discretization of the Non-uniform Equivalent Beam 1813
3 Validation of the Proposed Model 1815
4 Conclusions 1820
References 1820
Dynamic Identification and Damage Detection on Masonry Buildings Using Shaking Table Tests 1822
1 Introduction 1823
2 Models Description 1824
3 Experimental Tests and Sensors Layout 1825
4 Estimation of Modal Parameters 1827
4.1 Unreinforced Masonry Building Models 1827
4.2 Confined Masonry Building Models 1831
5 Damage Detection 1833
5.1 Unreinforced Masonry Building Models 1834
5.2 Confined Masonry Building Models 1835
6 Conclusion 1837
References 1838
Effects of In- and Out-of-Plane Nonlinear Modelling of Masonry Infills on the Seismic Response of R.C. Framed Buildings 1841
Abstract 1841
1 Introduction 1841
2 Layout and Simulated Design of the Case Study 1843
3 Layout and Nonlinear Modelling of Masonry Infills 1846
4 Numerical Results 1850
5 Conclusions 1858
Acknowledgements 1858
References 1858
Proposal of Design Tools for a Shear Link Damper in Seismic Control of Frame Structures 1860
Abstract 1860
1 Introduction 1860
2 A Design Tool for Structures Equipped with Hysteretic Dampers 1862
3 Preliminary SL Sizing: Proposal of Design Charts 1864
4 Evaluation of SL Mechanical Properties 1866
5 Conclusions 1867
References 1867
Hydrothermal Ageing of Natural Fibre Polymer Composites 1870
Experimentation on Lime Mortars Reinforced with Jute Fibres: Mixture Workability and Mechanical Strengths 1871
Abstract 1871
1 Introduction 1871
2 The Experimental Campaign 1872
2.1 Targets 1872
2.2 Materials 1873
2.3 Test Equipment 1874
3 The Obtained Results 1875
3.1 Water Absorption of Jute Fibres 1875
3.2 Maximum Water Percentage in the Lime Mortar 1875
3.3 Water Percentage in the Fibre-Reinforced Mixture 1875
3.4 Optimal Percentage of Fibres 1876
3.5 Mechanical Tests 1878
4 Conclusions 1880
Acknowledgements 1881
References 1881
Masonry Constructions: from Material to Structures, Modelling and Analysis Approaches 1883
Micromodels for the In-Plane Failure Analysis of Masonry Walls with Friction: Limit Analysis and DEM-FEM/DEM Approaches 1884
1 Introduction 1884
2 Adopted Micromodels 1886
2.1 Rigid Block Model for Limit Analysis 1886
2.2 DEM and FEM/DEM 1888
3 Numerical Results 1889
4 Final Remarks 1893
References 1894
Roman Masonry Stairways. Geometry, Construction and Stability 1897
Abstract 1897
1 Introduction 1898
2 The Theoretical Framework 1898
2.1 Assumption on the Material 1898
2.2 An Equilibrium Model 1899
3 Structural Analysis. Application to the Case Study 1901
3.1 Geometry and Constructive Features 1902
3.2 The Equilibrium Solution 1903
4 Conclusions 1908
Acknowledgments 1909
References 1909
On Unilateral Contact Between Rigid Masonry Blocks 1911
Abstract 1911
1 Introduction 1911
2 Variational Formulations 1913
2.1 Definitions 1913
2.2 Primal Formulation 1914
2.3 Dual Boundary Formulation 1915
3 Discretization 1916
3.1 Primal LP Problem 1916
3.2 Dual LP Problem 1917
4 Conclusions 1917
References 1918
Thrust Membrane Analysis of the Domes of the Baia Thermal Baths 1919
1 Introduction 1919
2 Extension of the TNA to Include Membrane Elements 1920
2.1 Branch Elements 1921
2.2 Triangular Membrane Element 1922
3 The Domes of the Baia Thermal Baths: The Temple of Mercury 1923
3.1 Geometric, Batigraphic and Photogrammetric Survey of the Dome of Mercury 1924
3.2 Thrust Membrane Analysis of the Dome of Mercury 1925
4 Conclusions 1927
References 1928
Collapse of Non-symmetric Masonry Arches with Coulomb Friction: Monasterio’s Approach and Equilibrium Analysis 1929
Abstract 1929
1 Introduction 1929
2 Monasterio’s Approach 1930
2.1 The Pure Sliding Collapse Mode 1931
2.2 The Rotational and Mixed Collapse Modes 1932
3 Lower Bound Approach for Non-symmetric Arches 1934
4 A Comparison Between Kinematic and Static Approaches 1936
5 Conclusions 1938
Acknowledgments 1938
References 1938
Corotational Beam-Interface Model for Stability Analysis of Reinforced Masonry Walls 1940
1 Introduction 1940
2 Beam-Interface Micromechanical 2D Modeling 1942
3 Interface Element Formulation 1944
3.1 Corotational Approach 1945
3.2 Material and Generalized Constitutive Relationship 1947
4 Numerical Applications 1949
5 Conclusions 1953
References 1953
Metamodels in Computational Mechanics for Bayesian FEM Updating of Ancient High-Rise Masonry Structures 1955
Abstract 1955
1 Introduction 1956
2 The Bayesian Paradigm 1957
3 The Metamodeling Concept 1957
4 The Computational Environment 1958
4.1 The Code_Aster Solver and the Salome_Meca Platform 1959
4.2 The OpenTURNS Environment 1960
4.3 The Python Libraries and Wrapping 1960
5 The Updating Procedure 1960
5.1 The Case Study 1960
5.2 The FE-Model 1961
5.3 The Results Sampling 1962
5.4 The Metamodel Creation 1964
5.5 The Bayesian Model Updating 1966
6 Conclusions 1970
References 1970
Settlement Induced Crack Pattern Prediction Through the Jointed Masonry Model 1972
1 Introduction 1973
2 Constitutive Model 1974
3 Benchmark Case-Studies 1976
3.1 Dry Masonry Plane Façade 1976
3.2 Dry Masonry Three-Dimensional Masonry Building 1977
4 Analysis of a Real Case-Study 1978
5 Conclusions 1980
References 1980
Impacts Analysis in the Rocking of Masonry Circular Arches 1982
Abstract 1982
1 Introduction 1982
2 The Circular Masonry Arch and the Valuation of the Incipient Rocking Acceleration 1984
3 First Stage of Rocking 1989
4 The Impact 1992
4.1 An Assessment on the Controversial Commonly Assumed Model 1992
4.2 The Alternative Model of the Impact 1994
5 The Forced Motion 1998
6 A Numerical Investigation 2002
7 Conclusions 2004
References 2004
Equivalent Frame Modelling of an Unreinforced Masonry Building in Finite Element Environment 2007
Abstract 2007
1 Introduction 2008
1.1 Equivalent Frame Modelling of Unreinforced Masonry Walls 2008
1.2 EF Modelling State of Art 2010
2 The Case Study 2010
2.1 Creation of the Equivalent Frame Model 2012
2.2 The Equivalent Frame Model in FEM Environment 2013
2.3 Considerations on the EF Modelling Method 2015
3 Results of Overall Analyses 2017
3.1 The Modal Analysis 2017
3.2 The Pushover Analysis 2018
4 Discussion of Results 2018
5 Conclusions 2020
References 2021
A Hysteretic Model with Damage Based on Bouc-Wen Formulation 2023
1 Introduction 2024
2 Bouc-Wen Hysteresis Model with Damage 2025
3 Force-Dased Beam Finite Element 2027
4 Analyses 2029
5 Conclusions 2031
References 2032
Frictional Behaviour of Masonry Interfaces: Experimental Investigation on Two Dry-Jointed Tuff Blocks 2033
1 Introduction 2033
2 Testing Procedure 2035
2.1 Test Set-Up 2036
2.2 Testing Program 2037
3 Experimental Results 2038
3.1 Pure Shear 2038
3.2 Torsion-Shear Interaction 2040
3.3 Torsion-Shear-Bending Interaction 2042
4 Comparison with Standard Numerical Model 2043
5 Discussion 2045
6 Conclusions 2046
References 2047
Analysis of Masonry Pointed Arches on Moving Supports: A Numeric Predictive Model and Experimental Evaluations 2049
Abstract 2049
1 Introduction 2049
2 Numerical Procedure 2051
2.1 Searching for the Three Hinge Positions 2052
2.2 Kinematic and Equilibrium Tests 2053
2.3 Limit Displacement of the Moving Support 2055
3 Experimental Tests vs. Numerical Predictions 2056
4 Comparison with Circular Arches 2065
5 Conclusions 2067
Acknowledgements 2068
References 2068
The Role of Shape Irregularities on the Lateral Loads Bearing Capacity of Circular Masonry Arches 2070
1 Introduction 2070
2 Geometrical Modelling of the Masonry Arch with Irregular Shape 2072
2.1 Work Hypotheses 2072
2.2 The Random Shape of the Polycentric Arch 2072
3 Limit Equilibrium Approach 2075
4 Analysis of the Results 2077
5 Conclusion 2080
References 2081
Static Analysis of a Double-Cap Masonry Dome 2083
1 Introduction 2083
2 Brief Detail About the Dome of St. Januarius 2085
3 Preliminary Analysis Based on Graphical Statics 2086
4 Membrane Approach to the Equilibrium 2088
4.1 Sketch of the Algorithm 2089
5 Rigid Block Limit Analysis 2090
6 Conclusions 2092
References 2093
Equilibrium of Masonry Sail Vaults: The Case Study of a Subterranean Vault by Antonio da Sangallo the Elder in the “Fortezza Vecchia” in Livorno 2095
Abstract 2095
1 Introduction 2095
2 Analytical Representation of the Vault Intrados Surface 2097
3 Statically Admissible Stress Fields for the Masonry Sail Vault 2099
3.1 Statically Admissible Stress Fields that Maximize the Geometrical Safety Factor 2100
3.2 Statically Admissible Stress Fields that Maximize the Mechanical Safety Factor 2102
3.3 Evaluating the Thrust on the Lateral Walls 2102
4 Conclusions 2103
Acknowledgments 2103
References 2104
Experimental Behaviour of Historic Masonry Walls Under Compression and Shear Loading 2105
Abstract 2105
1 Introduction 2105
2 Results of Experimental Shear Tests on Brickwork Walls 2106
3 Experimental Shear Tests on Strengthened Walls 2109
3.1 Strengthened Wall with Diagonal GFRP Strips 2109
3.2 Strengthened Wall with GFRP Strips Parallel to Shear Load 2110
4 Discussion on the Strengthening with GFRP Strip 2112
5 Conclusions 2112
Acknowledgement 2113
References 2113
Experimental Tests and Numerical Modelling of Traffic-Induced Vibrations 2115
Abstract 2115
1 Introduction 2115
2 Data Acquisition Phase 2117
2.1 Data Acquisition Equipment 2117
2.2 Historical Buildings Under Monitoring 2118
3 Vibration Data Processing 2120
3.1 Event Extraction 2120
3.2 Event Filtering and Analysis 2121
4 Results 2122
5 Conclusions 2123
References 2124
Upper Bound Limit Analysis of Quasi-Periodic Masonry by Means of Discontinuity Layout Optimization (DLO) 2125
1 Introduction 2125
2 Discontinuity Layout Optimization 2126
3 Model for Masonry 2128
4 Results 2129
4.1 Periodic Masonry 2129
4.2 Quasi-periodic Masonry 2130
4.3 Chaotic Masonry 2130
5 Conclusions 2133
References 2133
An Experimental Study on the Effectiveness of CFRP Reinforcements Applied to Curved Masonry Pillars 2135
Abstract 2135
1 Introduction 2135
2 Experimental Program, Specimens and Materials 2136
3 Test Setup 2139
4 Experimental Results and Comparisons 2140
5 Conclusions 2146
References 2147
Numerical Analysis of the Bond Behavior of FRP Applied to Masonry Curved Substrates with Anchor Spikes 2150
Abstract 2150
1 Introduction 2150
2 Spring-Model Approach 2151
3 Tri-Dimensional Micro-modelling FE Approach 2154
4 Accounted Cases for the Validation of Modeling Approaches 2155
5 Numerical Analyses and Results: Spring-Model 2157
6 Numerical Analyses and Results: FE-Model 2157
7 Conclusions 2159
References 2160
Statics of Buttressed Masonry Arches in Light of Traditional Design Rules 2163
Abstract 2163
1 Introduction 2163
2 Design Rules for Masonry Arches 2164
2.1 First Generation of Empirical Rules: From Leonardo’s Geometrical Construction to the Limitations in Terms of T/R 2165
2.2 Second Generation of Empirical Rules: Minimum Arch Thickness t Provided in Terms Span L 2166
2.3 Third Generation of Empirical Rules: The Rediscovery of the Simplified Limitations in Terms of t/R 2167
2.4 Comparison Among the Three Generations of Design Rules for Arch Thickness 2167
3 Design Rules for Masonry Buttresses 2169
3.1 The Ancient Rules of Alberti and the Geometrical Method of Derand 2170
3.2 The Equilibrium Based Methods of Belidor and Mascheroni 2171
3.3 Handbook Rules of 19th Century 2173
3.4 Comparison Among the Design Rules for Buttress 2173
4 Conclusions 2175
References 2176
Theoretical, Numerical and Physical Modelling in Geomechanics 2178
Developing and Testing Multiphase MPM Approaches for the Stability of Dams and River Embankments 2179
Abstract 2179
1 Introduction 2179
2 Multiphase Material Point Method 2181
2.1 Two-Phase Double-Point Formulation 2182
2.2 Two-Phase Single-Point Formulation with Suction Effect 2183
3 Simulation of Rapid Drowdown 2185
3.1 Setup of the Numerical Model 2187
3.2 Results 2188
4 Simulation of Infiltration Problem 2190
4.1 Setup of the Numerical Model 2190
4.2 Results 2191
5 Conclusions 2193
References 2193
Author Index 2196

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 31.3.2020
• Reihe/Serie: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering
• Reihe/Serie: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering
• Zusatzinfo: XXIV, 2201 p. 1153 illus.
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Schlagworte: AIMETA • Applied Mechanics • Computational Mechanics • fluid mechanics • Mechanical Systems • solid mechanics • Structural Mechanics
• ISBN-10: 3-030-41057-9 / 3030410579
• ISBN-13: 978-3-030-41057-5 / 9783030410575