Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites (eBook)

SHCC4

Viktor Mechtcherine, Volker Slowik, Petr Kabele (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2017 | 1st ed. 2018
XXVII, 789 Seiten
Springer Netherlands (Verlag)
978-94-024-1194-2 (ISBN)

Infos

This is the proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites (SHCC4), that was held at the Technische Universität Dresden, Germany from 18 to 20 September 2017. The conference focused on advanced fiber-reinforced concrete materials such as strain-hardening cement-based composites (SHCC), textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) and high-performance fiber-reinforced cement-based composites (HPFRCC). All these new materials exhibit pseudo-ductile behavior resulting from the formation of multiple, fine cracks when subject to tensile loading. The use of such types of fiber-reinforced concrete could revolutionize the planning, development, dimensioning, structural and architectural design, construction of new and strengthening and repair of existing buildings and structures in many areas of application. The SHCC4 Conference was the follow-up of three previous successful international events in Stellenbosch, South Africa in 2009, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 2011, and Dordrecht, The Netherlands in 2014.

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This is the proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites (SHCC4), that was held at the Technische Universitat Dresden, Germany from 18 to 20 September 2017. The conference focused on advanced fiber-reinforced concrete materials such as strain-hardening cement-based composites (SHCC), textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) and high-performance fiber-reinforced cement-based composites (HPFRCC). All these new materials exhibit pseudo-ductile behavior resulting from the formation of multiple, fine cracks when subject to tensile loading. The use of such types of fiber-reinforced concrete could revolutionize the planning, development, dimensioning, structural and architectural design, construction of new and strengthening and repair of existing buildings and structures in many areas of application. The SHCC4 Conference was the follow-up of three previous successful international events in Stellenbosch, South Africa in 2009, Rio de Janeiro, Brazilin 2011, and Dordrecht, The Netherlands in 2014.

Inhalt

Foreword 6
Contents 8
RILEM Publications 17
RILEM Proceedings (PRO) 17
RILEM Reports (REP) 25
Material Design and Mechanical Testing 28
Performance of Fiber Reinforced Materials: Historic Perspective and Glance in the Future 29
Abstract 29
1 Introduction 29
2 Conventional Fibers 30
3 CNTs and CNFs 35
4 Conclusion 36
References 37
Micromechanics-Based Design of Strain Hardening Cementitious Composites (SHCC) 38
Abstract 38
1 Introduction 38
2 Micromechanics-Based Design Methodology: Scale Linking 40
2.1 Steady State Crack Analysis 41
3 Micro-Scale: Single Fiber Pullout Behavior 42
3.1 Single Fiber Pullout Behavior 42
3.2 High Loading Rate Single Fiber Pullout Behavior 44
3.3 Fatigue Dependent Single Fiber Pullout Behavior 44
4 Meso-scale: Fiber Bridging Along Single Crack 45
5 Macro-Scale: Multiple Cracking and Tensile Strain Hardening Behavior 46
5.1 The Variability of Macroscopic Composite Properties 46
5.2 The Variability of Tensile Stress-Strain Properties 48
5.3 The Variability of Crack Opening 48
5.4 The Variability of Crack Spacing 48
5.5 Modeling Multiple Cracking Behavior 49
6 Conclusions 49
Acknowledgement 50
References 50
Derivation of Crack Bridging Stresses in Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites under Combined Opening and Shear Displacements 54
Abstract 54
1 Introduction 54
2 Modeling of Single Fiber Behavior Under Combined Opening and Sliding 55
3 Development of Crack Bridging Shear Stress-Crack Opening/Sliding Relation 58
4 Shear Transmission on Crack Surface of FRCC Due to Fiber Bridging 59
5 Effect of Micromechanical Parameters and Fiber Distribution 60
6 Conclusions 61
References 61
Bridging Stress of Inclined Fiber in Cementitious Composites Based on Large Deflection Beam Theory 63
Abstract 63
1 Introduction 63
2 Modeling and Analysis 64
2.1 Basic Idea 64
2.2 Equivalent Spring Group Stiffness 65
2.3 Large Deflection Analysis 66
3 Numerical Method 68
4 Results and Discussion 68
5 Conclusion 70
References 71
The Effect of Fiber Orientation on the Mechanical Properties of SHCC 72
Abstract 72
1 Introduction 72
2 Fiber Orientation Distribution for Various Thicknesses 73
3 Stress-Crack Opening Relations for Single Crack with Various Specimen Thicknesses 76
4 Stress-Strain Relation of a Tensile Component with Varying Member Thicknesses 78
5 Conclusions 79
Acknowledgements 79
References 80
Novel Experimental Method to Determine Crack-Bridging Constitutive Relationship of SHCC Using Digital Image Processing 81
Abstract 81
1 Introduction 81
2 Limitations of Previous Methods 82
3 The Novel Den-Dip Method 84
4 Test Results and Discussion 85
5 Conclusions 87
Acknowledgements 87
References 87
Healing of Interface Between Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fiber and Cement Matrix 89
Abstract 89
1 Introduction 89
2 Experimental Program 90
3 Results and Discussion 93
4 Conclusions 95
References 95
Micromechanics of an Ultra Lightweight Engineered Cementitious Composite Containing Polymeric Latex Admixture 96
Abstract 96
1 Introduction 96
2 Methodology 98
3 Experimental Programs 98
3.1 Materials 98
3.2 Procedures 99
4 Results and Discussions 100
4.1 Matrix Toughness 100
4.2 Interfacial Bond Properties 100
4.3 Fiber Bridging Behavior 102
5 Conclusions 103
References 103
Effects of Embedment Length and Angle of PVA-Fibers on Tensile Performance of FRC 105
Abstract 105
1 Introduction 105
2 Experiment Overview 106
2.1 Compression and Tension Tests on Fiber-Reinforced Concrete 106
2.2 Bond Test on Short Fibers 107
2.2.1 Bond Test Procedure 108
3 Results and Discussion 108
3.1 Test Results of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete 108
3.2 Results of Fiber Bond Test 109
3.3 Comparison between Tension and Bond Test Results 112
4 Conclusions 112
References 112
Evaluation of Shear and Tensile Bridging Characteristics of PVA Fibers Based on Bridging Law 114
Abstract 114
1 Introduction 114
2 Bridging Law Calculation with Crack Angle 116
2.1 Bridging Law When Crack Angle Equals 0° 116
2.2 Bridging Law When Crack Angle Inclines 117
3 Uniaxial Tension Test 118
3.1 Materials and Specimens 118
3.2 Loading and Measuring Method 119
3.3 Test Result 120
4 Comparison of Calclation Results with Test Results 120
5 Conclusion 122
References 122
A Multiscale Model for High Performance FRC 123
Abstract 123
1 Introduction 123
2 Micromechanics of HPFRCC 124
2.1 Microslip Model 124
2.2 Microcrack Arrest 125
2.3 Homogenization 126
2.4 Modelling Strain Hardening Behavior 126
3 FRC Model at the Structural Level 128
4 Conclusions 130
Acknowledgements 130
References 130
Modelling and Experimental Characterization of the Tensile Response of Ultra-High Performance Fibre-Reinforced Cementitious Composites 132
Abstract 132
1 Introduction 132
2 Experimental Programme 133
2.1 Mixture composition 133
2.2 Specimens and test setup 133
2.3 Results and discussion 135
3 Meso-mechanical Simulation of Tensile Behaviour 138
3.1 General aspects 138
3.2 Tensile behaviour of a single crack 139
3.3 Results and discussion 139
4 Conclusions 139
Acknowledgements 140
References 140
Mechanical Properties of Ductile Cementitious Composites Incorporating Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials 141
Abstract 141
1 Introduction 141
2 Experiments 142
3 Results and Discussion 144
4 Conclusions 147
Acknowledgements 147
References 148
A Comparative Study on Deflection-Hardening Behavior of Ductile Alkali-Activated Composite 149
Abstract 149
1 Introduction 149
2 Materials 150
3 Methods 151
3.1 Mix Design 151
3.2 Test Methods 152
4 Results and Discussions 153
4.1 Compressive Strength 153
4.2 Deflection-Hardening Behavior 154
5 Conclusions 156
Acknowledgements 156
References 156
Effectiveness of Fabricating High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite (HPFRCC) Using High Volume Steel Slag Powder 157
Abstract 157
1 Introduction 157
2 Experimental Program 158
2.1 Raw Materials and Mix Proportions 159
2.2 Experimental Methods 160
3 Test Results and Discussion 160
3.1 Compressive Tests 160
3.2 Four-Point Bending Tests 161
4 Conclusions 163
Acknowledgements 164
References 164
Influence of Coarse Aggregate on the Mechanical Behavior of Strain Hardening Cementitious Composites 165
Abstract 165
1 Introduction 165
2 Experimental Program 166
2.1 Material Design Concept 166
2.2 Used Materials 166
3 Results and Discussion 167
3.1 Tensile Characteristics Under Direct Uni-Axial Tension Test 167
3.2 Flexural Characteristics 168
3.3 Shear Failure Behavior of R/SHCC Beams 169
4 Conclusions 171
References 172
Development of Cementitious Composites with Tensile Strain Capacity up to 10% 173
Abstract 173
1 Introduction 173
2 Mixture and Experimental Methods 174
2.1 Mixture Proportion and Material Ingredients 174
2.2 Mechanical Test Method 175
3 Results and Discussion 175
3.1 Tension Test 175
3.2 Compressive Strength 177
4 Conclusions 178
Acknowledgements 179
References 179
Sustainable Fiber-Reinforced Strain-Hardening Composites Using Geopolymer as ‘Complete’ Replacement of Portland Cement 180
Abstract 180
1 Introduction 180
2 Part I: Heat Cured Two-Part Fly Ash-Based SHGCs 181
3 Part II: Ambient Temperature Cured One-Part SHGC 184
4 Material Sustainability Performance 185
5 Conclusions 186
References 187
Strain Hardening Behaviour of Polyethylene Fibre Reinforced Ambient Air Cured Geopolymer Composite 188
Abstract 188
1 Introduction 188
2 Materials, Mix Proportions, Casting and Testing Details 190
3 Results and Discussion 192
4 Conclusion 195
Acknowledgements 196
References 196
Development of High Strength and High Ductility Cementitious Composites Incorporating CNF-Coated Polyethylene Fibers 198
Abstract 198
1 Introduction 198
2 Experimental Program 199
2.1 Mix Design and Materials 199
2.2 Specimen Preparation 200
2.3 Tests 201
3 Results and Discussion 201
3.1 CNF Coating on PE Fiber 201
3.2 Mechanical Properties of CNF-HSHDCC 202
4 Conclusions 204
References 205
Effect of Basalt Fibers on Mechanical Properties of High-Performance Concrete Containing Supplementary Cementitious Materials 207
Abstract 207
1 Introduction 207
2 Materials and Experimental Methods 208
3 Results and Discussion 209
3.1 Flexural Strength 209
3.2 Compressive Strength 210
3.3 Microstructure of HPC 211
4 Conclusion 212
References 213
Effects of Nylon Fibre and Concrete Strength on the Shrinkage and Fracture Behaviour of Fibre Reinforced Concrete 214
Abstract 214
1 Introduction 214
2 Experimental Work 215
2.1 Materials and Mix Proportions 215
2.2 Specimen Preparation 216
2.3 Test Procedure 216
3 Results and Discussion 217
4 Conclusions 220
References 220
Development of a Steel-PVA Hybrid Fiber SHCC 221
Abstract 221
1 Introduction 221
2 Materials and Mixture Proportions 223
3 Specimen Preparation and Testing Procedures 224
4 Results and Discussion 224
5 Optimization 227
6 Conclusions and Future Work 227
Acknowledgements 228
References 228
Performance Analysis of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced High Volume Fly Ash Cement Composite 229
Abstract 229
1 Introduction 229
2 Materials and Mix Proportions 230
2.1 Materials 230
2.2 Mix Proportions 231
3 Test Procedure 231
4 Results and Discussion 232
4.1 Compressive Strength 232
4.2 Stress-Strain Behaviour 232
4.3 Flexural Strength 233
4.4 Load Deflection 233
4.5 SEM Analysis 235
5 Conclusions 235
References 236
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High Strength and High Ductility Cementitious Composites 237
Abstract 237
1 Introduction 237
2 Materials and Experimental 238
2.1 Materials and Mix Proportions 238
2.2 Test Methods 239
3 Results and Discussions 241
3.1 Uniaxial Tensile Results 241
3.2 Mechanical Properties Results 241
3.3 Fiber Dispersion Degree 242
3.4 Microscopic Morphology Results 243
4 Conclusions 245
Acknowledgements 245
References 246
Influence of Distribution Modulus of Particle Size Distribution on Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High-Strength SHCC Matrix 247
Abstract 247
1 Introduction 248
2 Experimental Program 249
3 Results and Discussion 251
4 Conclusions 254
Acknowledgements 254
References 254
Mechanical Characteristics of Ultra High Performance Strain Hardening Cementitious Composites 256
Abstract 256
1 Introduction 256
2 Experimental Program 257
2.1 Materials and Mix Proportions 257
2.2 Specimen Preparation 258
2.3 Test Setup and Procedures 258
3 Results and Discussion 260
3.1 Tensile Properties 260
3.2 Flexural Properties 260
3.3 Compressive Properties 261
4 Conclusions 262
References 262
Tensile Characterization of an “Eco-Friendly” UHPFRC with Waste Glass Powder and Glass Sand 264
Abstract 264
1 Introduction 264
2 Experimental Tests: Description and Results 266
3 Materials 266
4 Concrete Mixture and Compressive Mechanical Properties 267
5 Flexural Performance 268
6 Tensile Behavior 269
7 Inverse Analysis 270
8 Analysis of Results 271
9 Conclusions 273
References 274
Ecological and Mechanical Properties of Ultra High Performance – Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites Containing High Volume Fly Ash 275
Abstract 275
1 Introduction 275
2 Experimental Investigation 276
3 Analysis of the Results 278
4 Eco-Mechanical Analysis at Material Scale 279
5 Eco-Mechanical Analysis at Structural Scale 281
6 Conclusions 282
References 282
Influence of Fiber Type on the Tensile Behavior of Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites (SHCC) Under Impact Loading 283
Abstract 283
1 Introduction 283
2 Materials and Testing Methods 284
2.1 SHCC Compositions and Specimens Preparation 284
2.2 Quasi-Static Experimental Setup 285
2.3 Modified Hopkinson Bar 285
3 Results and Discussion 286
3.1 Quasi-Static Tension Experiments 286
3.2 Tension Experiments at High Strain Rates 288
4 Summary and Conclusions 290
References 291
Effect of Strain Rate and Fiber Type on Tensile Behavior of High-Strength Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites (HS-SHCC) 292
Abstract 292
1 Introduction 292
2 SHCC Mixtures and Experimental Program 293
3 Results of the Quasi-static Tension Tests 295
4 Results of the Dynamic Tension Tests 297
5 Conclusion 300
References 300
Interphases in Cementitious Matrix: Effect of Fibers, Sizings, and Loading Rates 301
Abstract 301
1 Introduction 301
2 Experimental Procedures 302
2.1 Single Fiber Pull-Out Under Quasi-static and High-Rate Loading 302
2.2 Materials 302
2.3 Interpretation of Force-Displacement Curves 303
3 Results and Discussion 304
4 Conclusion 308
References 308
Development of a Proper Mix-Design for Impact Loading of Deflection Hardening Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete 310
Abstract 310
1 Introduction 310
2 Experimental Program 311
3 Results and Discussions 313
4 Conclusions 316
Acknowledgement 316
References 317
The Influence of Multiple Micro-cracking on the Electrical Impedance of an Engineered Cementitious Composite 318
Abstract 318
1 Introduction 318
2 Experimental Program 319
3 Test Results and Discussion 322
4 Concluding Remarks 324
Acknowledgements 324
References 324
Combination of Digital Image Correlation and Acoustic Emission for Characterizing Failure Modes in Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites (SHCC) 326
Abstract 326
1 Introduction 326
2 Materials and Experimental Setup 327
3 Results and Discussion 329
4 Conclusion 332
References 333
Experimental Study of Tensile Response of Strain Hardening UHPFRC at Early Age 334
Abstract 334
1 Introduction 334
2 Material 335
3 Experiments 336
3.1 Vibration Resonance Frequency Test (VRFT) 336
3.2 Temperature Stress Testing Machine (TSTM) 336
4 Results and Discussion 337
4.1 VRFT 337
4.2 Autogenous Shrinkage at 20 °C from TSTM 337
4.3 Eigenstresses Development at 20 °C 339
4.3.1 Stress Development Under Partial Restraint Conditions 339
4.3.2 Stress Development Under Full Restraint Conditions 339
5 Conclusion 340
Acknowledgement 341
References 341
Determination of the Uniaxial Tensile Strength of Concrete with a Modified Test Setup 342
Abstract 342
1 Introduction 342
2 Determination of the Tensile Strength of Concrete 343
3 Developed Test Setup and Specimens 344
3.1 Test Setup 344
3.2 Concrete Mix Design 345
4 Test Results and Discussion 346
4.1 Preliminary Tests 346
4.2 Main Investigation 346
5 Conclusions 348
Acknowledgements 349
References 349
Effect of Fiber Orientation and Specimen Thickness on the Tensile Response of Strain Hardening UHPFRC Mixes with Reduced Embodied Energy 350
Abstract 350
1 Introduction 350
2 Material Design 351
3 Experimental Program 353
3.1 Specimen Preparation 353
3.2 Experimental Setup 354
4 Results and Discussion 355
4.1 Fiber Orientation Effect 355
4.2 Specimen Thickness Effect 355
5 Conclusions 356
Acknowledgments 357
References 357
Effect of Temperature on Tensile Performance of PVA-SHCC 359
Abstract 359
1 Introduction 359
2 Experiment Overview 360
2.1 Test Types and Conditions 360
2.2 Materials and Mixture Proportions 360
2.3 Specimens and Temperature 361
2.4 Loading Testing 362
2.5 Fabrication of Mortar Bars for Temperature Measurement 362
3 Results of Mortar Bar Temperature Measurement 363
4 Tension Test Results and Discussion 363
4.1 Effects of Chilling and Heating Temperatures 363
4.2 Effect of Heating Time 364
4.3 Effects of Heat Removal Time 365
5 Results of Compression Tests 366
6 Conclusions 366
References 366
Effect of Styrene-Butadiene Copolymer Coating on Properties of Rubberized Cement-Based Composites 368
Abstract 368
1 Introduction 368
2 Materials and Experimental Methods 369
2.1 Materials and Mix Proportions 369
2.2 Experiments 370
3 Results and Discussions 371
3.1 Microstructural Analysis 371
3.2 Air Permeability 373
3.3 Compressive Strength, Direct Tensile Strength and Elastic Modulus 374
3.4 Post Peak Behavior 374
4 Conclusions 375
References 375
Material Design of TRC and TRC Impact Resistance 377
Abstract 377
1 Introduction 377
2 Fiber Materials 378
3 Matrix Composition 379
4 TRC of Multifilament Yarns 380
5 Summary and Conclusion 383
References 383
Mechanics and Cracking Mechanisms in Natural Curauá Textile Reinforced Concrete 385
Abstract 385
1 Introduction 385
2 Experimental Program 386
2.1 Materials 386
2.2 Composites Manufacturing 387
3 Testing 387
3.1 Mechanical Performance 387
3.2 Crack Spacing Measurements 388
3.3 Autogenous Healing Capability 388
4 Results and Discussion 389
4.1 Mechanical Performance 389
4.2 Autogenous Healing Capability 391
5 Conclusions 392
Efficiency Increase of TRC by Using Textile Reinforcements from the Extended Warp Knitting Process 393
Abstract 393
1 Introduction 393
2 Experimental Investigations 394
3 Results 397
4 Conclusions 397
Acknowledgements 399
References 400
Mechanical Performance of Flax Nonwoven-Calcium Aluminate Cement Composites 401
Abstract 401
1 Introduction 402
2 Materials and Methods 403
2.1 Materials 403
2.2 Preparation, Treatment, and Characterization of Nonwovens 403
2.3 Composite Preparation and Characterization 403
3 Results and Discussion 404
3.1 Characterization of the Nonwovens 404
3.2 Mechanical Performance of the Calcium Aluminate Cement Composites 405
4 Conclusion 407
Acknowledgments 407
References 407
Mechanical Behavior of Geopolymeric Composites Reinforced with Natural Fibers 409
Abstract 409
1 Introduction 409
2 Experimental Program 410
2.1 Materials 410
2.2 Processing 411
3 Testing Methods 413
4 Results and Discussion 414
5 Conclusions 416
Acknowledgements 416
References 416
Improved Bonding of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites by Mineral Particle Coating 418
Abstract 418
1 Introduction 418
2 Experimental Investigation 419
2.1 Materials 419
2.2 Methods 419
2.2.1 Sample Preparation 419
2.2.2 Characterization 420
3 Results and Discussion 420
3.1 Multifilament Coating 420
3.2 Mechanical Properties of TRC Specimens 420
3.3 Microstructure Characterization of Pulled-Out Multifilaments from the TRC 421
3.3.1 Split Samples, Longitudinal Embedding 421
3.3.2 Polished Cross-Sections 422
4 Conclusion 425
References 425
Experimental Investigation and Benchmarking of 3D Textile Reinforced Cementitious Composites 426
Abstract 426
1 Introduction 426
2 Materials and Methods 427
2.1 Material Definition 427
2.2 Manufacturing Process 429
2.3 Tensile Test Setup 429
2.4 Bending Test Setup 430
3 Experimental Test Results and Discussion 430
3.1 Tensile Tests 430
3.2 Four Point Bending Test 432
3.2.1 Bending Test Results and Discussion 432
4 Conclusions 433
Acknowledgement 433
Acknowledgement 433
References 434
Numerical and Experimental Characterization of Anchorage Length for Textile Reinforced Concrete 435
Abstract 435
1 Introduction 435
2 Experimental Characterization 436
3 Numerical Characterization 440
4 Towards Design and Construction 441
5 Conclusion 442
Acknowledgements 442
References 442
A Modelling Framework for the Tensile Behavior of Multiple Cracking Composite 444
Abstract 444
1 Introduction 444
2 Sequential Inverse Analysis Procedure for the Calibration of the Bond-Slip Law 445
3 Formulation of the Crack Bridge Model 447
4 The Crack Tracing Algorithm 449
5 Parametric Study 449
6 Conclusions 452
Acknowledgement 452
References 452
Structural Design and Large-Scale Testing 453
Performance-Based Design of SHCC Components – Research and Challenges 454
Abstract 454
1 Introduction 454
2 Limitations of the Direct Tensile Behavior as a Key ‘Parameter’ for Component Design 455
2.1 Experimental Testing of Hybrid PVA/Steel Fiber SHCC 455
2.2 Results and Discussions 457
3 Performance-Based Design of SHCC Components 458
3.1 Performance Design for Durability 459
3.2 Performance-Based Design for Structural Performance 460
4 Conclusion 463
Acknowledgements 463
References 463
Flexural Behaviour of Reinforced Polyvinyl Alcohol-Engineered Cementitious Composite Beams 466
Abstract 466
1 Introduction 466
2 Materials 467
2.1 Mix Proportions 467
2.2 Material Properties 468
3 Beam Specimen and Flexural Test Setup 469
4 Flexural Experiment Results and Discussion 470
5 Conclusion 471
References 471
Testing Procedure for Determining the Bond-Slip Law of Steel Bars in Strain Hardening Cementitious Composites 473
Abstract 473
1 Introduction 473
2 Description of Experimental Procedure 475
3 Experimental Results of the Pullout Tests 476
4 Conclusions 480
References 481
Analyzing SHCC Structures with an Efficient Discrete Model 482
Abstract 482
1 Introduction 482
2 Basic Concept of the Proposed Discrete Model 483
3 Application of the New Discrete Model to Structure Analysis 484
3.1 Analysis of Beam Under Four Point Bending 485
3.2 Analysis of Multiple Cracking in SHCC Repair Layer Under Restrained Shrinkage 486
3.3 Analysis of Multiple Cracking in SHCC Repair Layer Subject to Reflective Cracking 488
4 Conclusion 489
Acknowledgement 489
References 489
Influence of Fiber Orientation on Structural Performance of Beam-Column Joints Using PVA FRCC 490
Abstract 490
1 Introduction 490
2 Experimental Program 492
2.1 Test Specimens 492
2.2 Loading Method and Measurement 494
3 Experimental Result 494
3.1 Load-Story Drift Angle Curve and Failure Mode 494
3.2 Comparison of Skeleton Curves 496
4 Conclusion 496
References 496
Impact Performance of Low-Fiber Content HPFRCC: From Material to Structural Behavior 498
Abstract 498
1 Introduction 498
2 Experimental Approach 499
2.1 Material Tests 499
2.2 Structural Tests 501
3 Analysis of Results 504
4 Conclusions 505
Acknowledgements 505
References 505
Effect of Steel Fiber on the Behavior of Circular Steel Tube Confined UHPC Columns Under Axial Loading 507
Abstract 507
1 Introduction 507
2 Experimental Investigation 508
2.1 Description of Test Specimens 508
2.2 Steel Tube and UHPC Materials 508
2.3 Fabrication of Test Specimens and Test Setup 509
3 Test Results and Discussions 511
3.1 Failure Mode 511
3.2 Load Versus Axial Strain Response 512
3.3 Evaluation of Test Results 513
4 Conclusions 515
Acknowledgments 515
References 515
Comparative Flexural and Tensile Behaviours of Ultra-High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete with Different Steel Fibres 517
Abstract 517
1 Introduction 517
2 Materials and UHPFRC Mixture Designs 519
3 Testing Program 520
3.1 Curing 520
3.2 Single Fibre Pull-Out Test 520
3.3 Four-Point Bending Test 520
3.4 Direct Tensile Test 521
4 Results and Discussion 522
4.1 The Effect of Fibre Types on Fibre Pull-Out Resistance 522
4.2 Influence of Fibre Types, Contents on Flexural and Direct Tensile Behaviour of UHPFRC 524
4.3 Discussion 524
5 Conclusions 525
Acknowledgement 525
References 526
Pseudo Strain Hardening Behavior of Reinforced UHPFRC Member Under Uniaxial Tension 527
Abstract 527
1 Introduction 527
2 Experimental Program 528
3 Test Results and Discussion 531
4 Conclusions 533
References 533
Simulation of Scattering of Bending Characteristics of FRCC Based on Bridging Law Considering Fiber Distribution 534
Abstract 534
1 Introduction 534
2 Visualization Simulation Using Water Glass 535
3 Calculation of Bridging Law Considering Fiber Distribution 537
4 Evaluation of Variation of Bending Strength of PVA FRCC 541
5 Conclusion 541
References 542
Analysis and Design Procedures for Strain Hardening Flexural Beam and Panel 543
Abstract 543
1 Introduction 543
2 Strain-Hardening Composite Model 544
3 Moment-Curvature and Load-Deflection Relationships 545
4 Flexural Response for 2D Panels Using Yield Line Theory 546
5 Model Simulation 548
6 Conclusions 550
References 551
Comparison of Double-Lap/Double-Prism and Single-Lap/Single-Prism Shear Tests for the TRM-to-Masonry Bond Assessment 552
Abstract 552
1 Introduction 552
2 Materials 553
3 Experimental Configurations 554
4 Experimental Program and Results Discussion 555
5 Conclusion 559
Acknowledgements 559
References 559
Buckling Behaviour of Structural Insulating Sandwich Walls with Textile Reinforced Cement Faces 560
Abstract 560
1 Introduction 560
2 Materials 561
2.1 Textile Reinforced Cement 561
2.2 Extruded Polystyrene Foam 562
3 Method 562
3.1 Specimen Geometry and Manufacturing 562
3.2 Test Set-up 563
3.3 Analytical Buckling Prediction 564
4 Results 565
4.1 Experimental Results 565
4.2 Analytical Results Compared with Experimental Results 566
5 Conclusion 567
Acknowledgement 567
References 567
Tensile and Direct Shear Responses of Basalt-Fibre Reinforced Mortar Based Materials 569
Abstract 569
1 Introduction 569
2 Material Properties and Testing Setup 570
3 General Results and Discussion 572
3.1 Tensile Test 572
3.2 Direct Shear 574
4 Conclusion 576
Acknowledgements 576
References 576
Thermo-Mechanical Characterization of Textile Reinforced Concrete. Application to Short Concrete Column Strengthening Submitted to Fire Conditions 578
Abstract 578
1 Introduction 578
2 Thermo-Mechanical Performance of TRC 579
2.1 Behavior Law in Tension: Experimental Methodology 579
2.2 TRC Formulation for the Study 580
2.3 Prediction of Tensile Resistance of TRC for Different Temperatures Levels 581
3 Application to Short Concrete Column Strengthening 583
3.1 Reinforcement of Steel-Concrete Column 583
3.2 Design Method Principles 584
3.3 Application to Column Strengthening by TRC 585
4 Conclusion 586
References 587
Durability and Durability Design 588
The Effect of Crack Patterns on the Corrosion of Steel Reinforced SHCC 589
Abstract 589
1 Introduction 589
2 Experimental Program 591
3 Experimental Results 593
4 Crack Spacing Regions 594
5 Conclusion 595
Acknowledgement 596
References 596
Assessing the Performance of Engineered Cementitious Composites Under Cyclic Wetting and Drying 597
Abstract 597
1 Introduction 597
2 Experimental Program 598
2.1 Test Specimens and Electrical Measurements 598
2.2 Materials, Fabrication and Curing 600
3 Test Results and Discussion 601
4 Conclusion 604
Acknowledgements 604
References 604
Layered SHCC with Crack and Diffusion Control for Improved Durability of Concrete Structures 606
Abstract 606
1 Introduction 606
2 Crack Distribution and Layering 607
3 Diffusion of Chloride Ions into Cracked SHCC 608
4 Effective Diffusion of Carbonation into Cracked SHCC 610
5 Results and Discussion 610
5.1 Chloride Attack 610
5.2 Carbonation 612
6 Conclusion 613
References 613
Water Permeability and Capillary Absorption of Cracked SHCC 615
Abstract 615
1 Introduction 615
2 Crack Pattern Parameters 616
3 Water Permeability of Cracked SHCC 617
4 Capillary Absorption of Cracked SHCC 620
5 Conclusion 622
Acknowledgement 622
References 622
Self-healing of Cracks in Strain Hardening Cementitious Composites Under Different Environmental Conditions 624
Abstract 624
1 Introduction 625
2 Materials and Methods 625
2.1 Materials and Preparation of Test Specimens 625
2.2 Self-healing 626
2.3 Capillary Absorption of Water 626
3 Results and Discussion 627
3.1 Characterization of the Crack Patterns as Produced by Bending 627
3.2 Influence of Self-healing on Crack Width Distribution 628
3.3 Influence of Self-healing on Capillary Absorption 629
4 Conclusions 630
Acknowledgement 631
References 631
Influence of Damage on the Effectiveness of SHCC Covers for Reducing Corrosion Rates in Reinforced-Concrete Structural Elements 632
Abstract 632
1 Introduction 632
2 Experimental Program 634
2.1 Mixture Proportions and Mechanical Properties of Materials 634
2.2 Specimen Preparation 634
2.3 Accelerated Corrosion Test (ACT) Procedure 635
3 Results and Discussion 636
3.1 Rebar Mass Loss 638
3.2 Micro-Crack Pattern 638
4 Conclusion and Future Work 639
References 639
Closure of Cracks and Reduction of Permeability in SHCC Using Silicate-Based Surface Penetrants 640
Abstract 640
1 Introduction 640
2 Outline of the Test 641
3 Test Results and Discussions 643
4 Conclusions 647
References 648
Rebar Corrosion Protection Performance of Shotcreted SHCC with Bending Cracks 649
Abstract 649
1 Introduction 649
2 Outline of Tests 650
2.1 Outline of Test Specimens 650
2.2 Accelerated Degradation 651
2.3 Measurement Items 651
3 Results and Discussion 652
3.1 Cracking Properties of the Accelerated Degradation Test Specimens 652
3.2 Depth of Ingress of Chloride 653
3.3 Chloride Amount 653
3.4 Corrosion Area on Rebar 654
3.5 Corrosion Mass Loss 655
3.6 Relationship Between Corrosion Area and Percentage Reduction in Mass 655
4 Conclusions 656
Acknowledgments 656
References 657
Strain Resilient Cementitious Composites of Unclassified Calcareous Fly Ash and PP Fibers: Performance by also Considering Durability Effects 658
Abstract 658
1 Introduction 658
2 Experimental Program 659
3 Mechanical Response - Compression 662
4 Mechanical Response - Tension 664
5 Conclusions 665
References 666
Chloride-Induced Corrosion of Cracked Cement-Based Composites 667
Abstract 667
1 Introduction 667
2 Experimental Program 668
3 Crack Width and Spacing 671
4 Chloride Profiles 672
5 Corrosion Rate 673
6 Conclusion 674
Acknowledgement 674
References 674
Compressive Performance of TRC-Strengthened Column with Small Eccentricity Under Chloride-Wet-Dry Cycles 675
Abstract 675
1 Introduction 675
2 General Situation of the Experiment 676
2.1 Experiment Design 676
2.2 Properties of the Materials 677
2.2.1 Concrete 677
2.2.2 Textile and Fine-Grain Concrete 677
2.2.3 Manufacturing Process of the Specimens 677
2.2.4 Corrosion and Testing Method 677
3 Results and Discussion 678
4 Relationship Between Load and Deflection 679
4.1 Effect of Different Numbers of Textile Layers 679
4.2 Effects of Different Slenderness Ratio 680
4.3 Effects of Different Reinforcement Ratio 680
5 Conclusions 681
References 681
Influence of Weathering Conditions on TRC Sandwich Renovation Panels 683
Abstract 683
1 Introduction 683
2 Experimental Program 684
2.1 Specimen Geometry 684
2.2 Materials 684
2.2.1 Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) 684
2.2.2 TRC 685
2.3 Durability Study 686
2.4 Bending Test Set-up 687
3 Results and Discussion 688
4 Conclusion 690
Acknowledgements 690
References 690
Strengthening, Repair and Other Applications 692
Applications of SHCC in Japan – Tools and Tips for Promoting its Use 693
Abstract 693
1 Introduction 693
2 Research and Use of SHCC in Japan 694
2.1 Research Activities on SHCC 694
2.2 Major Applications of SHCC 694
2.3 Ideas for Utilizing SHCC 696
3 Suggestions for Promoting New Techniques 698
3.1 Obstacles and Measures for Promoting New Techniques in Maintenance 698
3.2 Concept of New Material Utilization in Concrete Engineering 700
3.3 Things Learned from Application of SHCC 700
4 Afterword 701
References 702
Performance Enhancement of Concrete Structures Through Multi-scale Crack Control 703
Abstract 703
1 Introduction 703
2 Performance Under Mechanical Loading Conditions 704
3 Performance Under Environmental Conditions 708
4 Conclusion 710
Acknowledgements 710
References 710
Use of Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites (SHCC) in Real Scale Applications 712
Abstract 712
1 Introduction 712
1.1 General Overview 712
2 Materials 713
3 Demonstration Objects 714
3.1 Pavement 714
3.2 Dam Wall Retrofitting 715
4 Mixing Process 715
4.1 Mixing Equipment for the Pavement 715
4.2 Mixing of Shotcrete SHCC 715
5 Placement of SHCC 716
5.1 Paving 716
5.2 Shotcrete Technology 717
6 Long-Term Observation 718
6.1 Pavement Sections 718
6.2 Shotcrete Layer 720
7 Conclusions 721
Acknowledgments 721
References 722
Use of High Strength SHCC for the Repair of Concrete Structures with Significant Steel Reinforcement Corrosion 723
Abstract 723
1 Introduction 723
2 Design of High Strength SHCC 724
2.1 Materials 724
2.2 Specimen Preparation and Testing Procedures 725
2.3 Test Results and Discussion 725
3 Direct Tension Tests for SHCC Patch 726
3.1 Specimen Preparation 726
3.2 Test Setup 727
3.3 Results and Discussion 728
4 Conclusions 729
References 730
Piezoresistive Properties of Cementitious Composites Reinforced by PVA Fibres 731
Abstract 731
1 Introduction 731
2 Experimental 733
3 Results and Discussion 735
4 Conclusions 737
Acknowledgements 738
References 738
Experimental Investigation for Fire Safety of Full Scale ECC Coupling Beam 740
Abstract 740
1 Introduction 740
2 Experimental Plan 741
2.1 Requirement for Fire Safety 741
2.2 Materials 742
2.3 Fire Test 742
3 Experimental Results 744
4 Conclusions 745
References 746
Study on Effect of Heat Elimination by Pipe Cooling System in Beam Using High Strength Engineered Cementitious Composites 747
Abstract 747
1 Introduction 747
2 Outline of Study 748
3 Outline of Coupling Beam Member 749
4 Analysis Method 750
5 Results of Analysis 752
6 Conclusion 755
References 755
Cyclic Loading Test on 0.2-Scale RC Column Models Repaired by Strain-Hardening Fiber-Reinforced Cement-Based Composites 756
Abstract 756
1 Introduction 756
2 RC Column Models and Method of Repair 757
3 Cyclic Loading Tests 759
4 Test Results 760
5 Conclusions 763
Acknowledgements 763
References 763
Strengthening and Repair with Carbon Concrete Composites – the First General Building Approval in Germany 765
Abstract 765
1 Why Do We Need a New Strengthening Method? 765
2 Basic Research Within the Frame of CRC 528 767
3 First General Building Approval in Germany 768
3.1 Carbon Textiles 769
3.2 Fine Grained Concrete 769
3.3 Carbon Reinforced Concrete 769
4 The Use of the Approval 771
5 Conclusion and Outlook 772
An Innovative Structural and Energy Retrofitting System for Masonry Walls Using Textile Reinforced Mortars Combined with Thermal Insulation 774
Abstract 774
1 Introduction 774
2 Experimental Programme 776
3 Results and Discussion 779
4 Conclusions 782
References 783
Pultruded Textile Reinforced Concrete Structural Shapes 784
Abstract 784
1 Introduction 784
2 Manufacturing Process 785
3 Sample Preparation 786
4 Experimental Results 786
5 Conclusion 790
References 790
Effect of Confinement with FRCM Composites on Damaged Concrete Cylinders 792
Abstract 792
1 Introduction 792
2 Experimental Program 793
2.1 Test Set-up 794
3 Results and Discussion 796
4 Conclusions 797
Acknowledgements 798
References 798
Performance of Different Types of FRCM Composites Applied to a Concrete Substrate 800
Abstract 800
1 Introduction 800
2 Experimental Campaign 801
3 Results 803
4 Conclusion 806
References 807
Author Index 809

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 4.9.2017
• Reihe/Serie: RILEM Bookseries
• Reihe/Serie: RILEM Bookseries
• Zusatzinfo: XXVII, 789 p. 548 illus.
• Verlagsort: Dordrecht
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Schlagworte: Alternative reinforcemen • cement-based materials • computational methods • Durability design • High-performance fiber-reinforced cement-based composites • HPFRCC • Material design and manufacturing • Mechanical properties and test methods • RILEM • Strengthening and repair • Structural design and performance • Textile reinforced concrete
• ISBN-10: 94-024-1194-1 / 9402411941
• ISBN-13: 978-94-024-1194-2 / 9789402411942