Propagation Channel Characterization, Parameter Estimation, and Modeling for Wireless Communications (eBook)

Xuefeng Yin, Xiang Cheng (Autoren)

eBook Download: EPUB

2016
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
9781118188262 (ISBN)

Infos

A comprehensive reference giving a thorough explanation of propagation mechanisms, channel characteristics results, measurement approaches and the modelling of channels Thoroughly covering channel characteristics and parameters, this book provides the knowledge needed to design various wireless systems, such as cellular communication systems, RFID and ad hoc wireless communication systems. It gives a detailed introduction to aspects of channels before presenting the novel estimation and modelling techniques which can be used to achieve accurate models. To systematically guide readers through the topic, the book is organised in three distinct parts. The first part covers the fundamentals of the characterization of propagation channels, including the conventional single-input single-output (SISO) propagation channel characterization as well as its extension to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) cases. Part two focuses on channel measurements and channel data post-processing. Wideband channel measurements are introduced, including the equipment, technology and advantages and disadvantages of different data acquisition schemes. The channel parameter estimation methods are then presented, which include conventional spectral-based estimation, the specular-path-model based high-resolution method, and the newly derived power spectrum estimation methods. Measurement results are used to compare the performance of the different estimation methods. The third part gives a complete introduction to different modelling approaches. Among them, both scattering theoretical channel modelling and measurement-based channel modelling approaches are detailed. This part also approaches how to utilize these two modelling approaches to investigate wireless channels for conventional cellular systems and some new emerging communication systems. This three-part approach means the book caters for the requirements of the audiences at different levels, including readers needing introductory knowledge, engineers who are looking for more advanced understanding, and expert researchers in wireless system design as a reference. Presents technical explanations, illustrated with examples of the theory in practice Discusses results applied to 4G communication systems and other emerging communication systems, such as relay, CoMP, and vehicle-to-vehicle rapid time-variant channels Can be used as comprehensive tutorial for students or a complete reference for engineers in industry Includes selected illustrations in color Program downloads available for readers Companion website with program downloads for readers and presentation slides and solution manual for instructors Essential reading for Graduate students and researchers interested in the characteristics of propagation channel, or who work in areas related to physical layer architectures, air interfaces, navigation, and wireless sensing

Autor

Xuefeng Yin, Tongji University, China Xuefeng Yin is an Associate Professor in the Department of Electronics at Tongji University in Shanghai ,China. Previously, Yin worked for five years as a System Engineering with Motorola Infrastructure Company in Hangzhou, China, and as Assistant Professor at Aalborg University (AAU) in Denmark. During his time at AAU, he developed the SAGE algorithm with Bernard Henri Fleury. He holds a B.S. in Optoelectronics from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in wireless communications from Aalborg University. Xiang Cheng, Peking University, China Xiang Cheng is an Assistant Professor with the Institute of Modern Communications within the School of Electronics Engineering and Computing Sciences at Peking University. Previously, he held a joint appointment as Postdoc Research Associate at the University of Edinburgh and Heriot-Watt University, where he was awarded a Postgraduate Research Prize and a PhD Thesis Prize for academic excellence and outstanding performance. He holds BSc and MEng degrees in communication and information systems from Shandong University, China, and a joint Ph.D. degree from Heriot-Watt University and the University of Edinburgh.

Inhalt

Preface xi

List of Acronyms and Symbols xiii

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Book Objective 1

1.2 The Historical Context 2

1.3 Book Outline 8

2 Characterization of Propagation Channels 15

2.1 Three Phenomena in Wireless Channels 15

2.2 Path Loss and Shadowing 16

2.3 Multipath Fading 18

2.4 Stochastic Characterization of Multipath Fading 22

2.5 Duality of Multipath Fading 26

2.6 WSSUS Assumption of Multipath Fading 28

2.7 A Review of Propagation Channel Modeling 31

3 Generic Channel Models 41

3.1 Channel Spread Function 43

3.2 Specular-path Model 46

3.3 Dispersive-path Model 51

3.4 Time-evolution Model 54

3.5 Power Spectral Density Model 57

3.6 Model for Keyhole Channel 68

4 Geometry-based Stochastic Channel Modeling 77

4.1 General Modeling Procedure 77

4.2 Regular-shaped Geometry-based Stochastic Models 79

4.3 Irregular-shaped Geometry-based Stochastic Models 83

4.4 Simulation Models 84

4.5 Simulation Models for Non-isotropic Scattering Narrowband SISO V2V Rayleigh Fading Channels 90

5 Channel Measurements 106

5.1 Channel-sounding Equipment/System 107

5.2 Post-processing of Measurement Data 109

5.3 Impact of Phase Noise and Possible Solutions 110

5.4 Directional Radiation Patterns 117

5.5 Switching-mode Selection 124

6 Deterministic Channel-parameter Estimation 145

6.1 Bartlett Beamformer 146

6.2 The MUSIC Algorithm 148

6.3 The ESPRIT and Propagator Methods 150

6.4 Maximum-likelihood Method 152

6.5 The SAGE Algorithm 153

6.6 A Brief Introduction to the RiMAX Algorithm 172

6.7 Evidence-framework-based Algorithms 172

6.8 Extended Kalman-filter-based Tracking Algorithm 178

6.9 Particle-filter-based Tracking Algorithm 188

7 Statistical Channel-parameter Estimation 201

7.1 A Brief Review of Dispersive Parameter Estimators 201

7.2 Dispersive Component Estimation Algorithms 203

7.3 PSD-based Dispersive Component Estimation 218

7.4 Bidirection-delay-Doppler Frequency PSD Estimation 219

8 Measurement-based Statistical Channel Modeling 236

8.1 General Modeling Procedures 237

8.2 Clustering Algorithm based on Specular-path Models 241

8.3 Data Segment-length Selection 245

8.4 Relay and CoMP Channel Modeling 249

9 In Practice: Channel Modeling for Modern Communication Systems 260

9.1 Scenarios for V2V and Cooperative Communications 260

9.2 Channel Characteristics 264

9.3 Scattering Theoretical Channel Models for Conventional Cellular MIMO Systems 265

9.4 Scattering Theoretical Channel Models for V2V Systems 279

9.5 Scattering Theoretical Channel Models for Cooperative MIMO Systems 329

Appendix A 353

Bibliography 378

Index 379

Textauszug

List of Acronyms and Symbols

List of Acronyms

3GPP	Third Generation Partnership standards bodies

5G	Fifth generation wireless communications

AEE	average estimation error

AFD	average fading duration

AGV	autonomous guided vehicles

AoA	azimuth of arrival

AoD	azimuth of departure

ARA	acceptance rejection algorithm

ARIMA

autoregressive integrated moving average

AS	azimuth spread

ASA	array size adaptation

CBM	correlation-based model

CCDF	complementary cumulative distribution functions

CLEAN

an iterative beam removing technique

COMET-EXIP

covariance matching estimator-extended envariance principle

CoMP	cooperative multipoint

COST	Commission of Science and Technology

CRLB	Cramér–Rao lower bound

DECT	Digital European Cordless Telephone

DER	direction estimation range

DFER	Doppler frequency estimation range

DI	diffuse component

DML	deterministic maximum likelihood

DoA	direction of arrival

DoD	direction of departure

DRAG	dynamic range of array gain

ECM	environment characterization metric

EM	expectation-maximization

Emp.

empirical

EoA	elevation of arrival

EoD	elevation of departure

ESPRIT

estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques

Est.

estimated

E-step

expectation step

F2M	fixed to mobile

FB	Fisher–Bingham

FFHMA

fast frequency hopping multiple access

FHMA	frequency hopping multiple access

GAM	generalized array manifold

GBDM	geometry-based deterministic model

GBSM	geometry-based stochastic modeling

GR	Gerschgorin radii

HFB	higher frequency band

HRPE	high-resolution parameter estimation

IMT	international mobile telecommunications

IS-GBSM

irregular-shaped GBSM

ISI	improved initialization and search

ISM	industrial, scientific and medical bands

JADE	joint angle and delay estimation

LCR	level cross rate

LoS	line-of-sight

MD	mobile scatterer

MEA	method of equal area

MEDS	method of exact Doppler spread

METIS

Mobile and Wireless Communications Enablers for the Twenty-Twenty Information Society

MIMO	multiple-input, multiple-output

ML	maximum likelihood

MMEA	modified method of equal area

MODE	method of direction estimation

M-step

maximization step

MUSIC

multiple signal classification

NC-ML

non-coherent-maximum-likelihood

NFD	Newton forward difference

NGSM	non-geometric stochastic models

NLoS	non-line-of-sight

NSL	normalized side-lobe level

OLOS	obstructed line-of-sight

OMUSIC

orthonormal-basis MUSIC

OSM	orthogonal stochastic measure

PDF	probability density function

PDP	power delay profile

PE	pseudo-envelope

PMM	propagation-motivated model

PN	pseudo-noise

PSD	power spectral density

PSM	parametric stochastic models

RF	radio frequency

RIMAX

Richter's maximum likelihood estimation

RMSEE

root mean square estimation error

RS-GBSM

regular-shaped GBSM

Rx

receiver

SAGE	space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization

SCM	spatial channel model

SCME	spatial channel model enhanced

SD	static scatterer

SIOD	space-invariance of determinant

SISO	single-input, single-output

SML	stochastic maximum likelihood

SNR	signal-to-noise ratio

SoS	sum of sinusoids

SS	specular-scatterer

ST	space time

SVD	singular-value decomposition

SW

switch

TDL	tap-delay line

TDM	time-division-multiplexing

TEM	transverse electric and magnetic wave

Tx	transmitter

ULA	uniform linear array

V2V	vehicle to vehicle

Vec-MUSIC

vector-MUSIC

vMF	von-Mises–Fisher

VTD	vehicular traffic density

WINNER

wireless world initiative new radio

WSS	wide-sense stationary

WSSUS

wide-sense stationary uncorrelated-scattering

XPD	cross-polarization discrimination

List of Symbols

real line

complex plane

-dimensional sphere

domains

Kronecker product

Hadamard – that is, element-wise – product

real part of the complex number given as an argument

imaginary part of the complex number

Frobenius form of the vector or matrix given as an argument

absolute value of the given argument

determinant of the matrix given as an argument

trace of the matrix given as an argument

Hermitian of the vector or matrix given as an argument

transpose of the vector or matrix given an argument

complex conjugate of the scalar given as an argument

pseudo-inverse of the matrix given as an argument

scalar product of the given arguments

the Kronecker delta

Dirac delta function

an identity matrix of dimension given as an index

diagonal...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 13.9.2016
• Reihe/Serie: IEEE Press
• Reihe/Serie: Wiley - IEEE
• Reihe/Serie: Wiley - IEEE
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Nachrichtentechnik
• Schlagworte: 4G communication systems • ad hoc wireless communication systems • Antennas & Propagation • cellular communications systems • cellular networks • COMP • Drahtlose Kommunikation • Electrical & Electronics Engineering • Elektrotechnik u. Elektronik • Mobile & Wireless Communications • rapid time variant channels • RFID systems • Sende- u. Empfangseinrichtungen • Signal Processing • Signalverarbeitung • vehicle to vehicle communications • Wireless Communication Systems
• ISBN-13: 9781118188262 / 9781118188262