Propagation Channel Characterization, Parameter Estimation, and Modeling for Wireless Communications (eBook)

Xuefeng Yin, Xiang Cheng (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2016
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
9781118188255 (ISBN)

Infos

A comprehensive reference giving a thorough explanation of propagation mechanisms, channel characteristics results, measurement approaches and the modelling of channels

Thoroughly covering channel characteristics and parameters, this book provides the knowledge needed to design various wireless systems, such as cellular communication systems, RFID and ad hoc wireless communication systems. It gives a detailed introduction to aspects of channels before presenting the novel estimation and modelling techniques which can be used to achieve accurate models.  

To systematically guide readers through the topic, the book is organised in three distinct parts. The first part covers the fundamentals of the characterization of propagation channels, including the conventional single-input single-output (SISO) propagation channel characterization as well as its extension to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) cases. Part two focuses on channel measurements and channel data post-processing. Wideband channel measurements are introduced, including the equipment, technology and advantages and disadvantages of different data acquisition schemes. The channel parameter estimation methods are then presented, which include conventional spectral-based estimation, the specular-path-model based high-resolution method, and the newly derived power spectrum estimation methods. Measurement results are used to compare the performance of the different estimation methods. The third part gives a complete introduction to different modelling approaches. Among them, both scattering theoretical channel modelling and measurement-based channel modelling approaches are detailed. This part also approaches how to utilize these two modelling approaches to investigate wireless channels for conventional cellular systems and some new emerging communication systems.  This three-part approach means the book caters for the requirements of the audiences at different levels, including readers needing introductory knowledge, engineers who are looking for more advanced understanding, and expert researchers in wireless system design as a reference.

• Presents technical explanations, illustrated with examples of the theory in practice
• Discusses results applied to 4G communication systems and other emerging communication systems, such as relay, CoMP, and vehicle-to-vehicle rapid time-variant channels
• Can be used as comprehensive tutorial for students or a complete reference for engineers in industry
• Includes selected illustrations in color
• Program downloads available for readers
• Companion website with program downloads for readers and presentation slides and solution manual for instructors

Essential reading for Graduate students and researchers interested in the characteristics of propagation channel, or who work in areas related to physical layer architectures, air interfaces, navigation, and wireless sensing

Xuefeng Yin, Tongji University, China
Xuefeng Yin is an Associate Professor in the Department of Electronics at Tongji University in Shanghai ,China. Previously, Yin worked for five years as a System Engineering with Motorola Infrastructure Company in Hangzhou, China, and as Assistant Professor at Aalborg University (AAU) in Denmark. During his time at AAU, he developed the SAGE algorithm with Bernard Henri Fleury. He holds a B.S. in Optoelectronics from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in wireless communications from Aalborg University.

Xiang Cheng, Peking University, China
Xiang Cheng is an Assistant Professor with the Institute of Modern Communications within the School of Electronics Engineering and Computing Sciences at Peking University. Previously, he held a joint appointment as Postdoc Research Associate at the University of Edinburgh and Heriot-Watt University,  where he was awarded a Postgraduate Research Prize and a PhD Thesis Prize  for academic excellence and outstanding performance. He holds BSc and MEng degrees in communication and information systems from Shandong University, China, and a joint Ph.D. degree from Heriot-Watt University and the University of Edinburgh.

Inhalt

Cover???????????????????????? 1
Title Page?????????????????????????????????? 5
Copyright???????????????????????????????? 6
Contents?????????????????????????????? 7
Preface???????????????????????????? 13
List of Acronyms and Symbols?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 15
Chapter 1 Introduction?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 21
1.1 Book Objective?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 21
1.2 The Historical Context?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 22
1.2.1 Importance of Channel Characterization?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 22
1.2.2 Single-input, Single-output Channel Models?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 22
1.2.3 Spatial Channel Models (SCMs)???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 25
1.2.4 Channel Models for 5G???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 26
1.2.5 Other Kinds of Channel Model?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 27
1.3 Book Outline?????????????????????????????????????????????? 28
Bibliography?????????????????????????????????????? 29
Chapter 2 Characterization of Propagation Channels?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 35
2.1 Three Phenomena in Wireless Channels?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 35
2.2 Path Loss and Shadowing???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 36
2.3 Multipath Fading?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 38
2.4 Stochastic Characterization of Multipath Fading???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 42
2.4.1 Received Envelope and Phase Distribution?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 43
2.4.2 Envelope Level Cross Rate and Average Fade Duration???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 44
2.4.3 Correlation Functions???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 44
2.5 Duality of Multipath Fading???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 46
2.6 WSSUS Assumption of Multipath Fading?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 48
2.7 A Review of Propagation Channel Modeling?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 51
2.7.1 Classification of MIMO Channel Models???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 52
2.7.2 Classification of V2V Channel Models?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 55
Bibliography?????????????????????????????????????? 58
Chapter 3 Generic Channel Models?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 61
3.1 Channel Spread Function???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 63
3.2 Specular-path Model???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 66
3.3 Dispersive-path Model???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 71
3.4 Time-evolution Model?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 74
3.5 Power Spectral Density Model?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 77
3.6 Model for Keyhole Channel???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 88
Bibliography?????????????????????????????????????? 93
Chapter 4 Geometry-based Stochastic Channel Modeling?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 97
4.1 General Modeling Procedure?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 97
4.2 Regular-shaped Geometry-based Stochastic Models???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 99
4.2.1 RS-GBSMs for Conventional Cellular Communication Systems?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 99
4.2.2 RS-GBSMs for V2V Communication Systems?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 102
4.3 Irregular-shaped Geometry-based Stochastic Models???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 103
4.4 Simulation Models???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 104
4.4.1 Filter Simulation Models?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 106
4.4.2 Sum-of-sinusoids Simulation Models?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 108
4.5 Simulation Models for Non-isotropic Scattering Narrowband SISO V2V Rayleigh Fading Channels???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 110
4.5.1 A Two-ring SISO V2V Reference Model???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 111
4.5.2 SoS Simulation Models???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 112
Bibliography?????????????????????????????????????? 123
Chapter 5 Channel Measurements?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 126
5.1 Channel-sounding Equipment/System???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 127
5.2 Post-processing of Measurement Data???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 129
5.3 Impact of Phase Noise and Possible Solutions?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 130
5.3.1 Mitigating Phase Noise: the Sliding Window?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 131
5.3.2 Mitigating Phase Noise: Whitening and the SAGE algorithm?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 133
5.4 Directional Radiation Patterns?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 137
5.5 Switching-mode Selection?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 144
5.5.1 Switching-mode for Channel Sounding???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 145
5.5.2 Estimation of Doppler Frequency???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 146
5.5.3 Ambiguity in Parameter Estimation???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 149
5.5.4 Case Study: TDM-SIMO Channel Sounding with a Uniform Linear Array???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 150
5.5.5 Switching-mode Optimization???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 152
5.5.6 Simulation Studies?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 154
Bibliography?????????????????????????????????????? 162
Chapter 6 Deterministic Channel-parameter Estimation?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 165
6.1 Bartlett Beamformer???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 166
6.2 The MUSIC Algorithm???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 168
6.3 The ESPRIT and Propagator Methods???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 170
6.3.1 ESPRIT?????????????????????????????????????? 170
6.3.2 The Propagator Algorithm?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 172
6.4 Maximum-likelihood Method???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 172
6.5 The SAGE Algorithm?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 173
6.5.1 Signal model?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 175
6.5.2 The SAGE Algorithm Derived?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 179
6.5.3 Initialization of Parameter Estimates for Executing the SAGE Algorithm?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 187
6.6 A Brief Introduction to the RiMAX Algorithm???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 192
6.7 Evidence-framework-based Algorithms???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 192
6.7.1 Multi-level Evidence Framework?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 193
6.7.2 Example I: Exponential Decay used in Three-level EF???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 194
6.7.3 Example II : Delay Spread in a Two-level EF???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 196
6.8 Extended Kalman-filter-based Tracking Algorithm???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 198
6.8.1 Overview?????????????????????????????????????????? 198
6.8.2 The Structure of an EKF???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 199
6.8.3 Model Mismatch due to the Linear Approximation?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 203
6.8.4 Tracking Performance and the Initial Phase?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 204
6.9 Particle-filter-based Tracking Algorithm?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 208
6.9.1 State-space Model???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 209
6.9.2 Observation Model???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 210
6.9.3 The Proposed Low-complexity Particle Filter???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 210
6.9.4 Experimental Investigation?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 213
Bibliography?????????????????????????????????????? 217
Chapter 7 Statistical Channel-parameter Estimation?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 221
7.1 A Brief Review of Dispersive Parameter Estimators???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 221
7.2 Dispersive Component Estimation Algorithms?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 223
7.2.1 Effective Signal Model?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 224
7.2.2 Specular-Scatterer Model Estimation???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 225
7.2.3 First-order GAM Model Estimation?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 227
7.2.4 Nominal Azimuth Estimators?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 228
7.2.5 Azimuth Spread Estimator?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 232
7.2.6 Simulation Studies?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 233
7.3 PSD-based Dispersive Component Estimation???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 238
7.4 Bidirection-delay-Doppler Frequency PSD Estimation?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 239
7.4.1 Channel Power Spectrum Estimator?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 239
7.4.2 Measurement Data Evaluation???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 245
Bibliography?????????????????????????????????????? 252
Chapter 8 Measurement-based Statistical Channel Modeling?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 256
8.1 General Modeling Procedures???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 257
8.1.1 Channel Measurement???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 257
8.1.2 Channel Parameter Estimation?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 258
8.1.3 Stochastic Channel Modeling???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 260
8.2 Clustering Algorithm based on Specular-path Models?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 261
8.2.1 Stochastic Cluster-based Channel Modeling???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 262
8.2.2 Clustering Algorithms based on Multipath Component Distance???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 263
8.3 Data Segment-length Selection???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 265
8.4 Relay and CoMP Channel Modeling???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 269
8.4.1 Introduction?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 269
8.4.2 SSF Cross-correlation and Modeling Methodology?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 270
8.4.3 Measurements for Relay-channel Characterization???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 272
8.4.4 Model Extraction?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 273
Bibliography?????????????????????????????????????? 277
Chapter 9 In Practice: Channel Modeling for Modern Communication Systems?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 280
9.1 Scenarios for V2V and Cooperative Communications?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 280
9.1.1 V2V Communication Scenarios???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 280
9.1.2 Cooperative Communication Scenarios???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 283
9.2 Channel Characteristics???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 284
9.2.1 Channel Characteristics of V2V Communication Systems?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 284
9.2.2 Channel Characteristics of Cooperative Communication Systems?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 284
9.3 Scattering Theoretical Channel Models for Conventional Cellular MIMO Systems?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 285
9.3.1 A Wideband Multiple-ring-based MIMO Channel Reference Model???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 286
9.3.2 Generic Space-Time-Frequency CF???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 290
9.3.3 MIMO Simulation Models?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 292
9.3.4 Numerical Results and Analysis?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 295
9.3.5 Summary???????????????????????????????????????? 298
9.4 Scattering Theoretical Channel Models for V2V Systems???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 299
9.4.1 Modeling and Simulation of MIMO V2V Channels: Narrowband?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 299
9.4.2 Modeling and Simulation of MIMO V2V Channels: Wideband?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 324
9.5 Scattering Theoretical Channel Models for Cooperative MIMO Systems?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 349
9.5.1 A Unified Cooperative MIMO Channel-model Framework?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 350
9.5.2 A New MIMO GBSM for Cooperative Relay Systems???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 353
9.5.3 Multi-link Spatial Correlation Functions?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 359
9.5.4 Numerical Results and Analysis?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 362
9.5.5 Summary???????????????????????????????????????? 368
Bibliography?????????????????????????????????????? 369
Appendix A 373
A.1 Influence of Neglecting Doppler Shift within the Sensing Periods?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 373
A.2 Simplification of the Noise Component in an Objective Function?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 377
A.3 Derivations of Equations (7.6)-(7.8)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 379
A.4 Derivation of Eqs (4.20a) and (4.20b)???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 381
A.5 Derivation of the CF ?hh(T) 383
A.6 Probability Density Functions???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 384
A.7 Computation of the Gerschgorin Radii?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 385
A.8 Derivations for Chapter 9???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 387
A.8.1 Derivation of Eq. (9.11)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 387
A.8.2 Derivation of Eq. (9.16)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 388
A.8.3 Derivation of Eqs (9.43)-(9.48)???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 389
A.8.4 Derivation of Eq. (9.53)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 390
A.8.5 Derivation of Eq. (9.60)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 390
A.8.6 Comparison of the Doppler PSDs with different CFs, Eqs (9.49) and (9.50)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 391
A.8.7 Derivation of Eq. (9.75b)???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 393
A.8.8 Derivation of the Condition max{RT,RR} < min{al? al?1} that Guarantees the TDL Structure of our Model
A.8.9 The Reduced Expressions of Spatial Correlation?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 394
Bibliography?????????????????????????????????????? 398
Index???????????????????????? 399
EULA 409

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 13.9.2016
• Reihe/Serie: IEEE Press
• Reihe/Serie: Wiley - IEEE
• Reihe/Serie: Wiley - IEEE
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Nachrichtentechnik
• Schlagworte: 4G communication systems • ad hoc wireless communication systems • Antennas & Propagation • cellular communications systems • cellular networks • COMP • Drahtlose Kommunikation • Electrical & Electronics Engineering • Elektrotechnik u. Elektronik • Mobile & Wireless Communications • rapid time variant channels • RFID systems • Sende- u. Empfangseinrichtungen • Signal Processing • Signalverarbeitung • vehicle to vehicle communications • Wireless Communication Systems
• ISBN-13: 9781118188255 / 9781118188255