Water Pollution Control in Asia (eBook)

Proceeding of Second IAWPRC Asian Conference on Water Pollution Control Held in Bangkok, Thailand, 9-11 November, 1988

T. Panswad, C. Polprasert, K. Yamamoto (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2016 | 1. Auflage
732 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4831-5948-5 (ISBN)

Infos

Water Pollution Control in Asia documents the proceedings of the Second IAWPRC Asian Conference on Water Pollution Control, held in Bangkok, Thailand, 9-11 November 1988. The conference brings together the various factors that must be considered when investigating the development of water supply and control of sewage disposal systems, especially for small villages or towns and large communities in Asia which are situated too far from a piped system of water supply, thus requiring its own sources treatment and sewage disposal. The contributions made by researchers at the conference are organized into seven parts. Part 1 examines the various aspects of water quality management. The papers in Part 2 deal with the analysis and cleanup of river, lake, and marine pollution. Part 3 discusses the treatment of human waste while Part 4 is devoted to industrial waste treatment approaches. Part 5 focuses on water treatment methods. Part 6 contains studies on water reuse and groundwater contamination. The papers in Part 7 cover various topics such as wastewater management in developing countries and the treatment of phenolic wastewater using rotating biological contactors.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Water Pollution Control in Asia 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 
6 
FOREWORD 12
Part 1: WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT 17
Chapter 1. THE ECONOMICS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN FRANCE 19
ABSTRACT 19
KEYWORDS 19
INTRODUCTION 19
PRINCIPLES OF WATER MANAGEMENT 19
WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION ORGANIZATION IN FRANCE 23
CONCLUSION 24
Chapter 2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS AND WATER RESOURCES QUALITY 25
ABSTRACT 25
KEYWORDS 25
INTRODUCTION 25
SOCIO–ECONOMIC STATUS SURVEY 26
WATER RESOURCES QUALITY INVESTIGATION 26
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 26
CONCLUSION 29
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 30
REFERENCES 30
Chapter 3. WASTEWATER DISPOSAL ALTERNATIVES: WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF TANSUI RIVER, NORTHERN TAIWAN 31
ABSTRACT 31
KEYWORDS 31
INTRODUCTION 31
MANAGEMENT ISSUES RELATIVE TO ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 33
MANAGEMENT ISSUES RELATIVE TO NATURAL RESOURCES 36
CONCLUSIONS 36
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 37
REFERENCES 37
Chapter 4. LONG TERM PLAN FOR POLLUTION CONTROL FOR THE HOOGLY ESTUARY 39
ABSTRACT 39
KEYWORDS 39
INTRODUCTION 39
THE HOOGLY ESTUARY 40
CALCUTTA METROPOLITAN DISTRICT 40
PRESENT STATUS 40
WASTEWATER SURVEY 41
ESTUARINE WATER QUALITY 41
STANDARDS FOR WATER QUALITY 41
RESTORATION STEPS 42
MATHEMATICAL MODELS 42
BASE COST FUNCTION 42
MODEL OUTPUT 43
CONCLUSION 44
REFERENCES 44
Chapter 5. MATHEMATICAL MODEL : A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH FOR NAM PONG WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT 47
ABSTRACT 47
KEYWORDS 47
INTRODUCTION 47
THE APPROACHES 48
PARAMETERS 48
THE MODEL 49
ANALYSIS 51
MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES 52
CONCLUSION 53
REFERENCES 53
Part 2: RIVER, LAKE AND MARINE POLLUTION 55
Chapter 6. IN-LAKE EUTROPHICATION CONTROL: PROGRESS AND LIMITATIONS 57
ABSTRACT 57
KEY WORDS 57
INTRODUCTION 57
IN-LAKE CONTROLS ON PHOSPHORUS 58
IN-LAKE CONTROLS ON BIOMASS 61
REFERENCES 63
Chapter 7. RIVER POLLUTION - CLEAN UP AND MANAGEMENT 65
ABSTRACT 65
KEYWORDS 65
INTRODUCTION 65
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION 66
ACTION PLAN 67
CONCLUSION 68
Chapter 8. INTEGRATED APPROACH TO BAY EUTROPHICATION BY RIVER BASIN INTERRELATION ANALYSIS 69
ABSTRACT 69
KEYWORDS 69
INTRODUCTION 69
METHODOLOGY 70
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 72
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 75
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 75
REFERENCES 75
Chapter 9. MICROBIAL POLLUTION OF SURFACE WATERS 77
ABSTRACT 77
KEYWORDS 77
INTRODUCTION 77
SAMPLES AND METHODS 78
RESULTS 78
DISCUSSIONS 81
CONCLUSIONS 83
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 83
REFERENCE 83
Chapter 10. POLLUTION ABATEMENT IN A SMALL ESTUARY 85
ABSTRACT 85
KEYWORDS 85
INTRODUCTION 85
HISTORY OF POLLUTION ABATEMENT AND WATER QUALITY TREND 85
MATHEMATICAL WATER QUALITY MODEL 87
EVOLUTION OF WASTELOAD PERMITS 88
DISCUSSION 91
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 91
REFERENCES 91
Chapter 11. A METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF OXYGEN DEPLETION IN ESTUARINE DEEP WATERS AS A CONSEQUENCE OF NITROGEN LOADING 93
ABSTRACT 93
KEYWORDS 93
INTRODUCTION 93
THE EQUATIONS 94
APPLICATION TO THE BALTIC 97
DISCUSSION 99
CONCLUSION 99
REFERENCES 99
Chapter 12. ESTIMATION OF NITRIFICATION ACTIVITY IN A TIDAL RIVER SEDIMENT 101
ABSTRACT 101
KEYWORDS 101
INTRODUCTION 101
GROWTH KINETICS OP NITRIFYING BACTERIA 102
MATERIALS AND METHODS 104
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 104
CONCLUSIONS 107
NOTATION 107
REFERENCES 107
Chapter 13. THE USE OF A GENERAL MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE HYDRODYNAMICS AND EUTROPHIC.TI.. OF A TWO LAYERED MARINE AREA 109
ABSTRACT 109
KEYWORDS 109
INTRODUCTION 109
MONITORING 110
MODELLING 111
Hydrodynamics and Eutrophication 115
RESULTS 115
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 116
REFERENCES 116
Chapter 14. OIL SPILL MODEL IN RIVER BY FEM 117
ABSTRACT 117
KEYWORDS 117
INTRODUCTION 117
MODEL FORMULATION 118
PHYSICAL EXPERIMENT RESULTS 120
SIMULATION RESULTS 124
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 125
REFERENCES 125
Chapter 15. INFLUENCE OF REGIONAL SEWAGE TREATMENT SYSTEM ON WATER QUALITY IN KOJIMA LAKE 127
ABSTRACT 127
KEYWORDS 127
INTRODUCTION 127
STUDY AREA 128
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS 128
HYDRODYNAMICS AND DISPERSION OF CONSERVATIVE MATERIAL 128
SIMULATION OF LAKE ECOSYSTEM 130
CONCLUSION 133
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 133
REFERENCES 133
Chapter 16. SHALLOW WELL WATER POLLUTION IN CHIANG MAI MUNICIPALITY 135
ABSTRACT 135
KEYWORDS 135
INTRODUCTION 135
SAMPLING WELLS AND COLLECTED INFORMATION 135
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 136
CONCLUSIONS 141
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 141
Chapter 17. POLLUTING EFFECTS OF EFFLUENT DISCHARGES FROM DHAKA CITY ON THE RIVER BURIGANGA 143
ABSTRACT 143
KEYWORDS 143
INTRODUCTION 143
THEORETICAL APPROACH 144
THE SOURCES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFLUENTS 145
EVALUATION OF THE PARAMETERS INFLUENCING POLLUTION AND SELF-PURIFICATION 146
COMPARISON OF COMPUTED AND OBSERVED VALUES 147
CONCLUSIONS 149
REFERENCES 149
Chapter 18. ROLLING-UP RATE ON RIVER MUD LAYER 151
ABSTRACT 151
KEYWORDS 151
INTRODUCTION 151
SYNTHETIC FUNCTIONS ON THE PHENOMENON 152
CONCLUSIONS 157
REFERENCES 157
Chapter 19. THE EFFECTS OF SEDIMENTS ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF NITROGEN IN SHALLOW URBAN RIVER 159
ABSTRACT 159
KEYWORDS 159
INTRODUCTION 159
STUDY AREA 160
MATERIALS AND METHODS 161
RESULTS AMD DISCUSSION 162
CONCLUSIONS 164
REFERENCES 165
Chapter 20. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON NITROGEN CHANGES UNDER COEXISTENCE OF ALGAE AND BACTERIA IN FRESH WATER AND SEAWATER 167
ABSTRACT 167
KEYWORDS 167
INTRODUCTION 167
THEORY 167
MATERIALS AND METHODS 169
CONCLUSION 172
REFERENCES 173
Chapter 21. EFFECT OF TURBULENCE ON BIOFILM ACTIVITY 175
ABSTRACT 175
KEYWORDS 175
INTRODUCTION 175
MATERIALS AND METHOD 175
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 178
CONCLUSION 181
REFERENCE 181
Part 3: HUMAN WASTE TREATMENT 183
Chapter 22. MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN WASTES IN JAPAN 185
ABSTRACT 185
KEYWORDS 185
INTRODUCTION 185
GENERAL ASPECTS OF LOADING CONTROL 186
SEWERAGE SYSTEM 187
NIGHT SOIL COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL SYSTEM 187
INDIVIDUAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL TANK (ISDT) SYSTEM 190
LOCALITY OF HUMAN WASTE MANAGEMENT 191
REFERENCES 191
Chapter 23. THE ..TI....TIO. OF DIGESTER GAS RECOVERY FROM WASTE - AN EXAMPLE IN THE F.R. GERMANY 193
ABSTRACT 193
KEYWORDS 193
INTRODUCTION 193
HIGH RATE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF WASTES 193
AMOUNT OF SEWAGE SLUDGE AND GAS USAGE 196
PILOT PLANT OF THE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF DOMESTIC REFUSE 196
CONCLUSION 199
REFERENCES 199
Chapter 24. FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL USE OF WASTEWATER SLUDGE - A CASE STUDY 201
ABSTRACT 201
KEYWORDS 201
INTRODUCTION 201
MATERIALS AND METHODS 202
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 202
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 205
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 206
REFERENCES 206
Chapter 25. BENEFICIAL UTILIZATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE 207
ABSTRACT 207
KEYWORDS 207
INTRODUCTION 207
PRODUCTION AND DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE SLUDGE IN JAPAN 208
SLUDGE TREATMENT SYSTEM 209
COMPONENTS OP INCINERATED ASH 210
UTILIZATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE FOR AGRICULTURE 210
UTILIZATION OF ASH OF LIME-ADDED SLUDGE 211
UTILIZATION FOR THE ASH OF POLYMER-ADDED SLUDGE 211
UTILIZATION OF SLAG 212
CONCLUSION 213
REFERENCES 213
Chapter 26. THE STABILIZATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE AND ITS DISINFECTION ACCORDING TO SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: TWO-STAGE ANAEROBIC/AEROBIC OPERATING TECHNIQUE 215
ABSTRACT 215
KEYWORDS 216
TESTS 216
RESULTS OF INVESTIGATIONS 217
CONCLUSION 220
REFERENCE 220
Chapter 27. EFFECTS OF AMMONIA NITROGEN ON ANAEROBIC ACIDOGENESIS OF NIGHT SOIL 221
ABSTRACT 221
KEYWORDS 221
INTRODUCTION 221
MATERIALS AND METHODS 222
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS 222
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 223
CONCLUSION 227
REFERENCES 227
Chapter 28. A STUDY OF ANAEROBIC ACTIVATED SLUDGE DIGESTION 229
ABSTRACT 229
KEYWORDS 229
INTRODUCTION 229
MATERIALS AND METHODS 230
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 230
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 235
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 235
REFERENCES 236
Chapter 29. DEVELOPMENT OF KINETIC COEFFICIENTS FOR ANAEROBIC DIGESTER BY SIMPLIFIED METHODS 237
ABSTRACT 237
KEYWORDS 237
INTRODUCTION 237
MATERIALS AND METHODS 237
RESULTS OF THE STUDY 238
MODEL ANALYSIS 239
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 243
REFERENCES 243
Chapter 30. THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANAEROBIC MICROBIAL REACTOR BY PURPLE NONSULFUR BACTERIA FOR DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT 245
ABSTRACT 245
INTRODUCTION 245
REACTORS AND EXPERIMENT PROCEDURES 246
RESULTS 247
DISCUSSION 249
CONCLUSIONS 250
REFERENCES 251
Chapter 31. BACTERIAL LEACHING OF METALS FROM DIGESTED SLUDGE (BIOREACTOR COMPARISON) 253
ABSTRACT 253
KEYWORDS 253
INTRODUCTION 253
MATERIALS AND METHODS 254
CONTINUOUS STIRRED TANK BIOREACTOR 255
MICROORGANISMS 255
SLUDGE SOURCE 255
ANALYTICAL 255
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 255
CONCLUSIONS 259
REFERENCES 259
Chapter 32. SIMULTANEOUS REMOVAL OF PHOSPHATE AND AMMONIUM IONS FROM WASTEWATER BY COMPOSITE ADSORBENT 261
ABSTRACT 261
KEYWORDS 261
INTRODUCTION 261
ADSORPTION OF AMMONIUM ION ON NATURAL ZEOLITE 261
ADSORPTION OF PHOSPHATE ION ON ZIRCONIUM OXIDE 263
COMPOSITE ADSORBEHT FOR SIMULTANEOUS REMOVAL OF NH4+ AMD PO4 3- 264
CONCLUSION 267
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 267
REFERENCES 267
Chapter 33. APPLICATION OF CROSS-FLOW MICROFILTRAnON IN SEWAGE TREATMENT 269
ABSTRACT 269
KEYWORDS 269
INTRODUCTION 269
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS 270
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 271
CONCLUSION AND POSSIBLE EXTENSION OF THIS WORK 274
Chapter 34. EVALUATION OF POWER ECONOMY CHARACTERISTICS OF AEROBIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESSES 275
ABSTRACT 275
KEYWORDS 275
INTRODUCTION 275
DEVELOPMENT OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESSES 276
EVALUATION OF POWER ECONOMY AND BOD REMOVAL RATE 276
COMPARISON OF POWER ECONOMY CHARACTERISTICS 280
CONCLUSIVE SUMMARY 281
REFERENCES 281
Chapter 35. TREATMENT OF WASTEWATERS WITH THE SBRS (SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR SYSTEM) 283
ABSTRACT 283
KEYWORDS 283
INTRODUCTION 283
SBR APPLICATIONS 285
SBR COST 288
STATUS OF THE DEVELOPED TECHNOLOGY 289
REFERENCES 289
Chapter 36. NEW INDEXES TO EVALUATE SUBSTRATE FEED AND AERATION IN THE ANAEROBIC/AEROBIC SEQUENCING BATCH ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS 291
ABSTRACT 291
KEYWORDS 291
INTRODUCTION 291
OPERATION PATTERN INDEX (OPI) 291
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 293
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 295
CONCLUSIONS 297
REFERENCES 297
Chapter 37. THE EFFECTS OF ALTERNATE WASTEWATER FEEDING TO SIX AERATION TANKS ON ACTIVATED SLUDGE BULKING 299
ABSTRACT 299
KEYWORDS 299
INTRODUCTION 299
MATERIALS AND METHODS 300
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 302
CONCLUSION 304
REFERENCES 304
Chapter 38. CARBON OXIDATION - MTRMCATION IN ATTACHED GROWTH ACTIVATED SLUDGE REACTORS 305
ABSTRACT 305
KEYWORDS 305
INTRODUCTION 305
MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR CARBON OXIDATION IN AGAS REACTORS 306
MATERIALS AND METHODS 307
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 307
CONCLUSIONS 311
REFERENCES 311
Chapter 39. ENHANCEMENT OF DENTTRIFIC.TI.. IN THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS BY THE USE OF IN SITU FIXED FILM STRUCTURES 313
ABSTRACT 313
KEYWORDS 313
INTRODUCTION 313
EXPERIMENTAL 314
RESULTS 315
CONCLUSIONS 317
REFERENCES 317
Chapter 40. TREATMENT PROCESS OF FLOWING WASTEWATER FILM ON THE AERATED SECTOR OF ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR 319
ABSTRACT 319
KEYWORDS 319
INTRODUCTION 319
EXPERIMENIAL EQUIPMENT AND WASTEWATER 319
RESULTS 320
DISCUSSION 325
CONCLUSIONS 326
REFERENCES 326
Chapter 41. MEASUREMENTS OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN ATTACHED MICROBIAL FILMS OF ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR BY OXYGEN MICROELECTRODE 327
ABSTRACT 327
KEYWORDS 327
INTRODUCTION 327
DEVELOPMENT OF A SPECIAL OXYGEN MICROELECTRODE 328
INSTALLATION OF THE ELECTRODE TO THE DISKS 330
TEST EQUIPMENT OF THE CONTACTOR AND METHODS OF EXPERIMENTS 330
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 331
CONCLUSION 333
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 333
REFERENCES 333
Chapter 42. METABOLIC PATHWAY OF ANAEROBIC UPTAKE OF AMINO ACIDS IN THE ENHANCED BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL PROCESS 335
ABSTRACT 335
KEYWORDS 335
INTRODUCTION 335
EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP and BATCH EXPERIMENTS 336
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 337
DISCUSSION 339
CONCLUSIONS 341
REFERENCES 341
Chapter 43. ADSORPTION OF RNA-F-SPECIFIC COLIPHAGES, Qß, ON SUSPENDED SOLIDS IN ACTIVATED SLUDGE 343
ABSTRACT 343
KEYWORDS 343
INTRODUCTION 343
MATERIALS AND METHODS 344
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 345
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 346
CONCLUSIONS 349
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 349
REFERENCES 349
Chapter 44. MEASURING THE GROWTH RATE OF FILAMENTOUS BACTERIA AND INFLUENCE OF THE BACTERIA ON SETTLEABILITY, THICKENING PROPERTY AND FLOC CONFIGURATION OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE 351
ABSTRACT 351
KEYWORDS 351
INTRODUCTION 351
MATERIALS AND METHODS 352
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 353
CONCLUSION 357
REFERENCES 357
Chapter 45. BENCH-SCALE EXPERIMENTS ON BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN REMOVAL 359
ABSTRACT 359
KEYWORDS 359
INTRODUCTION 359
MATERIALS AND METHODS 360
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 362
CONCLUSIONS 364
REFERENCES 365
Chapter 46. KINETIC STUDY ON A CONTACT OXIDATION PROCESS 367
ABSTRACT 367
KEY WORDS 367
INTRODUCTION 367
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 368
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION 369
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 370
DISCUSSION 373
CONCLUSION 373
REFERENCES 373
Chapter 47. APPLICATION OF AEROBIC BIOFILM GROWTH IN A THREE-PHASE FLUIDIZED- BED REACTOR FOR BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT 375
ABSTRACT 375
KEYWORDS 375
INTRODUCTION 375
MATERIALS AND METHODS 376
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 377
CONCLUSIONS 381
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 381
REFERENCES 381
Chapter 48. ANAEROBIC BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF HUMAN EXCRETA BY UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET (UASB) PROCESS 383
ABSTRACT 383
KEYWORDS 383
INTRODUCTION 383
HUMAN EXCRETA TREATMENT BY ONE STAGE U.A.S.B. PROCESS 384
HUMAN EXCRETA TREATMENT BY TWO STAGE U.A.S.B. PROCESS 386
DISCUSSION 388
CONCLUSIONS 389
REFERENCES 389
Chapter 49. DENITRIFICATION PROCESS USING UPFLOW FILTER WITH THE AID OF METHANE PRODUCTION 391
ABSTRACT 391
KEYWORDS 391
INTRODUCTION 391
MATERIALS AND METHODS 392
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 394
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 397
REFERENCES 397
Chapter 50. COST STUDIES ON AEROBICMEMBRANE WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS 399
ABSTRACT 399
KEYWORDS 399
INTRODUCTION 399
AMBS 400
COST STUDIES 401
DISCUSSION 403
CONCLUSION 404
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 404
REFERENCES 404
Chapter 51. PACKAGE ON-SITE DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM 405
ABSTRACT 405
KEYWORDS 405
INTRODUCTION 405
CENTRALISED VERSUS ON-SITE TREATMENT 406
PACKAGE ON-SITE TREATMENT 406
ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR AS SECONDARY TREATMENT 406
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 408
PROCESS PERFORMANCE 410
CONCLUSION 411
ACKNOWEDGEMENTS 411
REFERENCES 411
Chapter 52. WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN LOW COST BAMBOO TRICKLING FILTERS AND POND SYSTEMS 413
ABSTRACT 413
KEYWORDS 413
BACKGROUND 413
SETTINGS 414
PERFORMANCE DATA 414
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 415
BENEFIT-COST-ANALYSIS 417
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 419
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 419
REFERENCES 419
Chapter 53. THE INVESTIGATION OF SALMONELLA SP. IN SEWAGE SLUDGES IN THAILAND 421
ABSTRACT 421
KEYWORDS 421
INTRODUCTION 421
MATERIALS AND METHODS 422
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 422
CONCLUSION 424
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 425
REFERENCES 425
Chapter 54. FLY ASH EMPLOYMENT IN CONDITIONING BIOLOGICAL SLUDGES FOR DEWATERING 427
ABSTRACT 427
KEYWORDS 427
INTRODUCTION 427
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 428
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 430
REFERENCES 431
Chapter 55. COMBINED TREATMENT OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SLUDGES 433
ABSTRACT 433
KEYWORDS 433
INTRODUCTION 433
MATERIALS AND METHODS 434
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 435
Adsorption Mechanism 437
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 439
REFERENCES 439
Chapter 56. SLUDGE COMPOSTING IN OPEN WINDROW PILES : PREDOMINANT FUNGI AND EFFECT OF SLUDGE AGE AND INOCULUM 441
ABSTRACT 441
KEYWORDS 441
INTRODUCTION 441
MATERIALS AND METHODS 442
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 443
CONCLUSIONS 445
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 445
REFERENCES 445
Part 4: INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT 447
Chapter 57. ANAEROBIC BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES 449
ABSTRACT 449
KEYWORDS 449
INTRODUCTION 449
BIOMASS RETENTION IN ANAEROBIC PROCESSES 449
ANAEROBIC PROCESS PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS 451
THERMOPHILIC AND TWO-PHASE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION 455
CONCLUSIONS 455
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 455
REFERENCES 456
Chapter 58. REVIEW OF THE ISSUES IN HAZARDOUS AND TOXIC WASTE MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 457
ABSTRACT 457
KEYWORDS 457
INTRODUCTION 457
CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE 458
TREATMENT PROCESSES 458
CONCLUSION 461
REFERENCES 461
Chapter 59. THE REMOVAL OF SOLUBLE MERCURY BY CEMENTATION PROCESSES 465
ABSTRACT 465
KEYWORDS 465
INTRODUCTION 465
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS 466
EXPERIMENTAL 467
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 467
CONCLUSIONS 471
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 471
REFERENCES 471
Chapter 60. RECOVERY OF NICKEL BY CRYSTALLIZATION OF NICKEL CARBONATE IN A FLUIDIZED-BED REACTOR 473
ABSTRACT 473
KEYWORDS 473
INTRODUCTION 473
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 474
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF NICKEL CARBONATE 475
FULL SCALE PELLET REACTOR 479
REFERENCES 480
Chapter 61. ENTRAPPED MIXED MICROBIAL CELL PROCESS FOR TREATMENT OF PHENOL AND ITS RELATED COMPOUNDS 481
ABSTRACT 481
KEYWORDS 481
INTRODUCTION 481
MATERIALS AND METHODS 482
RESULT AND DISCUSSION 483
CONCLUSION 487
REFERENCES 487
Chapter 62. TREATMENT OF TAR WASTEWATER BY ACTIVATED SLUDGE-OZONE PROCESS 489
ABSTRACT 489
KEYWORDS 489
INTRODUCTION 489
EXPERIMENTAL 489
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 490
CONCLUSION 494
REFERENCES 494
Chapter 63. EVALUATION OF THE MIXING EFFICIENCY OF THE SUBSURFACE AERATION SYSTEMS FOR THE TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERS 495
ABSTRACT 495
KEYWORDS 495
INTRODUCTION 495
MODEL FORMULATION 496
EVALUATION OF THE MIXING PARAMETERS 499
CONCLUSIONS 500
NOMENCLATURE 501
REFERENCES 502
Chapter 64. BIOLOGICAL FERROUS-IRON OXIDATION WITH FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR 503
ABSTRACT 503
KEYWORDS 503
INTRODUCTION 503
MATERIALS AND METHODS 504
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 505
MODELS FOR OXIDATION OF FERROUS IRON WITH FLUIDIZED REACTOR 508
CONCLUSIONS 509
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 509
REFERENCES 509
Chapter 65. THE DYNAMIC COALESCER: A NEW TECHNOLOGY ADAPTABLE TO OILEMULSION WASTEWATER TREATMENT CONTAINING SUSPENDED MATTER 511
ABSTRACT 511
KEYWORDS 511
INTRODUCTION 511
MECHANISM 512
EXPERIMENT 512
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 514
CONCLUSION 517
NOTATION 517
REFERENCES 517
Chapter 66. STUDY AND MODELING OF OIL DRUM AND DISK SKIMMERS 519
ABSTRACT 519
KEYWORDS 519
INTRODUCTION 519
EXPERIMENTAL DEVICE 519
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 520
CONCLUSIONS 525
REFERENCES 525
Chapter 67. TREATMENT OF ALCOHOLIC DISTILLERY WASTE BY COMBINED SYSTEM OF FLOTATION AND ANAEROBIC ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR 527
ABSTRACT 527
KEYWORDS 527
INTRODUCTION 527
MATERIALS AND METHODS 528
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 529
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 533
REFERENCES 533
Chapter 68. DEVELOPMENT OF APPROPRIATE AND ECONOMIC TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR HOSPITAL WASTEWATER 535
ABSTRACT 535
KEYWORDS 535
INTRODUCTION 535
METHOD AND MATERIALS 536
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
Nutrients Behavior in Upflow Anaerobic Filters 538
CONCLUSION 541
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 542
REFERENCE 542
Chapter 69. ALGAE POND TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERS 543
ABSTRACT 543
KEYWORDS 543
INTRODUCTION 543
EXPERIMENTAL WORKS 543
RESULTS AHD DISCUSSIONS 548
CONCLUSIONS 548
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 548
DISCLAIMER 548
REFERENCES 549
Chapter 70. BIOMASS PRODUCTION FROM PIG EFFLUENTS AND RECYCLING BY MIRROR CARP FEEDING 551
ABSTRACT 551
KEYWORDS 551
BACKGROUND 551
BIOMASS PRODUCTION 552
CARP FEEDING TEST 555
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 557
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 557
REFERENCES 557
Chapter 71. EFFICIENT PRETREATMENT OF FOODSTUFF INDUSTRY WASTEWATERS 559
ABSTRACT 559
INTRODUCTION 559
SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTEWATER PRETREATMENT WITH DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION 560
PILOT-TRIALS OF WASTEWATERS FROM MULTIPRODUCT FOODSTUFF FACTORY 562
Materials and methods 562
RESULTS 563
CONCLUSIONS 563
REFERENCES 564
Chapter 72. TREATMENT OF A PHENOLIC WASTEWATER IN A SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR 565
ABSTRACT 565
KEYWORDS 565
INTRODUCTION 565
MATERIALS AND METHODS 566
MODEL DESCRIPTION 567
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 567
CONCLUSIONS 570
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 571
REFERENCES 571
Chapter 73. BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF NAPHTHALENE REFINERY WASTEWATER 573
ABSTRACT 573
KEYWORDS 573
INTRODUQION 573
MATERIALS AND METHODS 574
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 575
CONCLUSIONS 578
REFERENCES 578
Chapter 74. PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF POROUS AMORPHOUS ALUMINUM OXIDE 579
ABSTRACT 579
KEYWORDS 579
INTRODUCTION 579
TRIPLE-LAYER MODEL 580
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS 581
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 582
CONCLUSION 585
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 585
REFERENCES 585
Part 5: WATER TREATMENT 587
Chapter 75. BIOLOGICAL DENITRIFICÄnON IN GRANULAR FILTERS 589
ABSTRACT 589
KEYWORDS 589
INTRODUCTION 589
MATERIALS AND METHODS 590
ANALYTICAL METHODS 590
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 590
CONCLUSIONS 595
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 595
REFERENCES 595
Chapter 76. REMOVAL OF CHLORINATED SOLVENTS BY AIR STRIPPING IN A COUNTER CURRENT PACKED COLUMN-MASS TRANSFER CONSIDERATIONS 597
ABSTRACT 597
KEYWORDS 597
INTRODUCTION 597
EXPERIMENTAL MATERIALS AND METHODS 597
THEORY OF STRIPPING 598
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 598
METHODOLOGY FOR THE DESIGN OF COUNTER-CURRENT PACKED COLUMN 601
CONCLUSION 603
REFERENCES 603
Chapter 77. THE IMPORTANCE OF SULPHITE EQUILIBRIA IN WATER POLLUTION: A KINETIC CONSIDERATION 605
ABSTRACT 605
KEYWORDS 605
INTRODUCTION 605
EXPERIMENTAL 606
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 607
CONCLUSION 609
REFERENCES 609
Chapter 78. CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF SPRAY COLUMNS : APPLICATION TO THE STRIPPING OF C02 DISSOLVED IN WATER 611
ABSTRACT 611
INTRODUCTION 611
EQUIPMENT AND EXPERIMENTAL SET UP 611
SPRAY NOZZLES CHARACTERISTICS 611
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 612
CONCLUSION 616
REFERENCES 617
Part 6: WATER REUSE AND GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION 619
Chapter 79. STRATEGIES FOR WATER CONSERVATION AND REUSE IN THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR OF THAILAND 621
ABSTRACT 621
KEYWORDS 621
INTRODUCTION 621
INDUSTRIAL WATER USE—TRENDS AND NEEDS 622
STRATEGIES FOR RE-USE AND CONSERVATION 624
OBSTACLES TO IMPLEMENTATION 626
SUMMARY 627
REFERENCES 627
Chapter 80. TREATMENT OF SEWAGE FOR REUSE 629
ABSTRACT 629
KEYWORDS 629
INTRODUCTION 629
MATERIALS AND METHODS 629
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 630
CONCLUSION 632
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 632
Chapter 81. FIELD STUDY ON REUSE OF TREATED MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER IN PADDY FIELDS 633
ABSTRACT 633
KEYWORDS 633
INTRODUCTION 633
EXAMINATION IN AN EXPERIMENTAL PADDY FIELD 633
INVESTIGATION RESULTS 635
DISCUSSION 638
CONCLUSIONS 639
REFERENCES 639
Chapter 82. A NEW PROCESS FOR WATER REUSE: IN LINE FLOCCULATION - CROSS FLOW FILTRATION 641
ABSTRACT 641
KEYWORDS 641
INTRODUCTION 641
EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF ADVANTAGE OF FLOCCULATION 642
APPLICATIONS 645
CONCLUSION 647
REFERENCES 647
Chapter 83. GENERAL SELECTION CRITERIA OF TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL METHODS FOR TOXIC ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN UNSATURATED SOIL 649
ABSTRACT 649
KEYWORDS 649
INTRODUCTION 649
THREE PHASE EQUILIBRIUM DISTRIBUTION OF TOXIC ORGANIC POLLUTATS IN SOIL 650
EQUILIBRIUM DISTRIBUTION OF DCM AND TCB IN SOIL 651
SELECTION OF TRBATNBNT AND DISPOSAL METHODS FOR UNCONTROLLED HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES 655
CONCLUSIONS 657
REFERENCES 658
Chapter 84. LEACHATE CHARACTERISTICS FROM SEWAGE SLUDGE LANDFILLS COVERED WITH IMPERMEABLE MEMBRANES 659
ABSTRACT 659
KEY WORDS 659
INTRODUCTION 659
MATERIALS AND METHODS 660
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 661
CONCLUSION 665
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 665
REFERENCES 665
Chapter 85. TREATMENT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LEACHATE USING SOIL COLUMN PROCESS 667
ABSTRACT 667
KEYWORDS 667
INTRODUCTION 667
MATERIALS AND METHODS 668
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 669
CONCLUSION 673
REFERENCES 673
Chapter 86. MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF SOIL CONTAMIN.TI.. USING A TWO DIMENSIONAL HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION 675
ABSTRACT 675
KEYWORDS 675
INTRODUCTION 675
THE THEORETICAL MODEL 676
MODEL VALIDATION 678
INVERSE PROBLEMS 679
NOMENCLATURE 679
REFERENCES 680
Chapter 87. IN-SITU REMOVAL OF IRON AND MANGANESE FROM GROUNDWATER: NUMERICAL MODEL 681
ABSTRACT 681
KEYWORDS 681
INTRODUCTION 681
PROCESS 682
RESULTS 683
DISCUSSION 685
CONCLUSIONS 686
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 686
REFERENCES 686
GENERAL 687
Chapter 88. ESTABLISHING A STRATEGY FOR WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 689
ABSTRACT 689
KEYWORDS 689
INTRODUCTION 689
TECHNICAL ASPECTS 690
FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS 692
INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS 692
CONCLUSION 693
REMARKS 694
Chapter 89. SLUDGE BULKING CONTROL AND NUTRIENT REMOVAL IN A CYCLICALLY OPERATED ACTIVATED SLUDGE SYSTEM 697
ABSTRACT 697
KEYWORDS 697
INTRODUCTION 697
DEMONSTRATION UNIT 699
EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL 701
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 701
CONCLUSION 705
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 705
REFERENCES 705
Chapter 90. RETICULATED FOAM AS A BIOMASS SUPPORT IN THE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF AN INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER 
707 
ABSTRACT 707
KEYWORDS 707
INTRODUCTION 707
MATERIALS AND METHODS 708
START UP AND COMMISSIONING 709
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 709
CONCLUSIONS 713
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 714
REFERENCES 714
Chapter 91. TREATMENT OF PHENOLIC WASTEWATER USING ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTORS 715
ABSTRACT 715
KEYWORDS 715
INTRODUCTION 715
THEORY 716
MATERIAL AND METHOD 716
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 717
CONCLUSION 720
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 720
REFERENCES 720
Chapter 92. RATIONALIZING WASTE STABILIZATION POND DESIGN: THE BIOLOGICAL FACTOR 721
ABSTRACT 721
KEYWORDS 721
INTRODUCTION 721
METHODS 722
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 722
CONCLUSIONS 726
REFERENCES 727
Chapter 93. THE POTENTIAL OF BACTERIOPHAGE TO ACT AS TRACERS OF WATER MOVEMENT 729
ABSTRACT 729
INTRODUCTION 729
MATERIALS AND METHODS 730
DISCUSSION 734
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 735
REFERENCES 735
Chapter 94. PHYTOTOXICITY OF LANDFILL LEACHATE (GIN DRINKER'S BAY LANDFILL, HONG KONG) 737
ABSTRACT 737
KEYWORDS 737
INTRODUCTION 737
MATERIALS AND METHODS 738
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 739
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 743
REFERENCES 743
SUBJECT INDEX 747

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 21.1.2016
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• ISBN-10: 1-4831-5948-5 / 1483159485
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4831-5948-5 / 9781483159485