Offshore Wind Energy Generation (eBook)

Control, Protection, and Integration to Electrical Systems

Olimpo Anaya-Lara, David Campos-Gaona, Edgar Moreno-Goytia, Grain Adam (Autoren)

eBook Download: EPUB

2014
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-118-70171-3 (ISBN)

Infos

The offshore wind sector’s trend towards larger turbines, bigger wind farm projects and greater distance to shore has a critical impact on grid connection requirements for offshore wind power plants. This important reference sets out the fundamentals and latest innovations in electrical systems and control strategies deployed in offshore electricity grids for wind power integration.

Includes:

• All current and emerging technologies for offshore wind integration and trends in energy storage systems, fault limiters, superconducting cables and gas-insulated transformers
• Protection of offshore wind farms illustrating numerous system integration and protection challenges through case studies
• Modelling of doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG) and full-converter wind turbines structures together with an explanation of the smart grid concept in the context of wind farms
• Comprehensive material on power electronic equipment employed in wind turbines with emphasis on enabling technologies (HVDC, STATCOM) to facilitate the connection and compensation of large-scale onshore and offshore wind farms
• Worked examples and case studies to help understand the dynamic interaction between HVDC links and offshore wind generation
• Concise description of the voltage source converter topologies, control and operation for offshore wind farm applications
• Companion website containing simulation models of the cases discussed throughout

Equipping electrical engineers for the engineering challenges in utility-scale offshore wind farms, this is an essential resource for power system and connection code designers and pratitioners dealing with integation of wind generation and the modelling and control of wind turbines. It will also provide high-level support to academic researchers and advanced students in power and renewable energy as well as technical and research staff in transmission and distribution system operators and in wind turbine and electrical equipment manufacturers.

Edgar Lenymirko Moreno-Goytia, Reader, Instituto Tecnológico de Morelia, MéxicoDr Moreno-Goytia has researched power electronic-based equipment and measurement systems development. He designed and built a Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator and its control to operate in a voltage fluctuations environment, and has been involved in evaluating the impact of wind generation on the electrical grid. Dr Moreno-Goytia has published over thirty papers in international conferences and journals and is a member of IEEE and IET.

Olimpo Anaya-Lara, Senior Lecturer, Institute for Energy and Environment , University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UKDr Anaya-Lara has researched power electronic equipment, control systems development, and stability and control of power systems with increased wind energy penetration. He has developed control strategies for Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System devices (FACTS), and designed control schemes for marine applications using advanced control techniques. He is a member of the CIGRE Working Group B4-39, two International Energy Agency Annexes, also the IEEE and IET. He has published over thirty-five journals, ninety papers and co-authored three books.

David Campos-Gaona, Research Assistant, Instituto Tecnológico de Morelia, MéxicoMr Campos-Gaona has investigated electronics-based solutions to electrical networks such as digital power meters, DSP based protection algorithms, and protection systems for wind turbines. He developed electronic equipment such as residential digital power meter with a wireless communication port. He was a research assistant with the SUPERGEN FlexNet, and is member of the IEEE. He  has published several papers and conference proceedings.

Grain Philip Adam, Research Fellow, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UKGrain received a Ph.D. degree in power electronics from Strathclyde University in 2007. He is currently with the Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Strathclyde University, and his research interests are multilevel inverters, electrical machines and power systems control and stability.

Textauszug

Acronyms and Symbols

ac	Alternating current

AFC	Active flow control

AVR	Automatic voltage regulator

CB	Circuit breaker

CC	Current control

CCC	Capacitor-commutated converter

CIA	Constant-ignition angle

CM	Condition monitoring

CSC	Current source converter

dc	Direct current

DFIG	Doubly-fed induction generator

DG	Distributed generation

EMF	Electromotive force

ESCR	Effective short-circuit ratio

ESR	Equivalent series resistance

FACTs

Flexible alternating current transmission system

FC	Flying capacitor

FCL	Fault-current limiter

FRC	Fully-rated converter

FRT	Fault ride-through

FSIG	Fixed-speed induction generator

GIL	Gas-insulated line

GIT	Gas-insulated transformer

GPS	Global positioning system

GSC	Grid-side converter

GTOs	Gate turn-off thyristor

GW

Giga-watt

HP	Horse power

HTS	High-temperature superconducting

HTSC	High-temperature superconducting cables

HV	High voltage

HVAC	High-voltage alternating current

HVDC	High-voltage direct current

IG	Induction generator

IGBT	Insulated-gate bipolar transistor

IMC	Internal model control

IPC	Individual pitch control

LCC	Line-commutated converters

LVRT	Low-voltage ride-through

MIMO	Multiple-input multiple-output

MTDC	Multi-terminal dc

MVA	Mega volt-ampere

MW

Mega watt

NIST	National Institute of Standards and Technology

NSC	Network-side converter

ODE	Ordinary differential equation

O&M	Operation & Maintenance

PCC	Point-of common coupling

PD	Phase disposition

PDC	Power system oscillations damping controller

POD	Phase opposition disposition

PI	Proportional Integral

PLL	Phase lock loop

PM	Permanent Magnet

PMSG	Permanent Magnet synchronous generator

PMU	Phasor measurement unit

PMW	Pulse width modulation

PSS	Power system stabiliser

pu

Per unit

RF	Radio frequency

RMS	Root-mean square

rpm	Revolutions per minute

RSC	Rotor-side converter

SCADA

Supervisory control and data acquisition

SCIG	Squirrel-cage induction generator

SCR	Silicon-controlled-rectifier

SISO	Single input single output

SMES	Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage

STATCOM

Static synchronous compensator

SVC	Static var compensator

TCR	Thyristor-controlled reactor

TSC	Thyristor-switched capacitor

TSO	Transmission system operator

UHF	Ultra high frequency

VAr	Volt-ampere reactive

VCO	Voltage-controlled oscillator

VDCOL

voltage-dependent current-order limit

VPP	Virtual power plant

VSC	Voltage-source converter

WAMS	Wide-area measurement system

WT	Wind turbine

WTG	Wind turbine generator

XLPE	Cross-linked polyethylene

Symbols Used in Chapter 1

Pair	Power in the airflow

ρ	Air density

A	Swept area of rotor, m2

Upwind free wind speed, m/s

Cp	Power coefficient

Pwind turbine

Power transferred to the wind turbine rotor

λ	Tip-speed ratio

ω	Rotational speed of rotor

R	Radius to tip of rotor

Vm	Mean annual site wind speed

Vdc	Direct voltage

Symbols Used in Chapter 2

vas, vbs, vcs

Stator a b c voltages

ras, rbs, rcs

Stator a b c windings resistance

ias, ibs, ics

Stator a b c currents

ψas, ψbs, ψcs

Stator a b c fluxes

var, vbr, vcr

Rotor a b c voltages

rarrbr, rcr

Rotor a b c windings resistance

iar, ibr, icr

Rotor a b c currents

ψar, ψbr, ψcr

Rotor a b c fluxes

[LIG]

Induction generator inductance matrix

Lms	Stator magnetising inductance

Lls	Stator leakage inductance

Lm	Magnetising inductance

Llr	Rotor leakage inductance

Ns	Effective stator windings turns

Nr	Effective rotor windings turns

μ0	Permeability of free space

ra	Radius of the induction generator air gap annulus

l	Effective length of the machine (i.e. the effective length of the pole area)

θdq	Angle between the d axis of the rotating frame and stator phase a of the induction generator

ωdq	Angular speed of the dq0 rotating frame

ids, iqs, i0s

d q 0 components of stator current

vds, vqs, v0s

d q 0 components of stator voltage

ψds, ψqs, ψ0s

d q 0 components of stator flux

idr, iqr, i0r

d q 0 components of...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 26.3.2014
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Schlagworte: Computer Science • Control • critical impact • Electrical • Energie • Energietechnik • Energy • fundamentals • Grid Connection • important • Informatik • Innovations • Integration • Latest • Offshore • offshore electricity • Parallel and Distributed Computing • Paralleles u. Verteiltes Rechnen • Power Technology & Power Engineering • Projects • Reference • Requirements • Sectors • Storage • Strategies • Turbines • Wind • Windenergie • Wind Energy
• ISBN-10: 1-118-70171-2 / 1118701712
• ISBN-13: 978-1-118-70171-3 / 9781118701713