A Practical Manual of Diabetes in Pregnancy (eBook)

David McCance, Michael Maresh, David A. Sacks (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2017 | 2. Auflage
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-119-04377-5 (ISBN)

Infos

The revised and updated second edition of a multidisciplinary, evidence-based clinical guide for the care of pregnant women with diabetes

The second edition of A Practical Manual of Diabetes in Pregnancy offers a wealth of new evidence, new material, new technologies, and the most current approaches to care. With contributions from a team of international experts, the manual is highly accessible and comprehensive in scope. It covers topics ranging from preconception to postnatal care, details the risks associated with diabetic pregnancy, and the long-term implications for the mother and baby. The text also explores recent controversies and examines thorny political pressures.

The manual's treatment recommendations are based on the latest research to ensure pregnant women with diabetes receive the best possible care. The text takes a multi-disciplinary approach that reflects best practice in the treatment of diabetes in pregnancy. The revised second edition includes:

• New chapters on the very latest topics of interest
• Contributions from an international team of noted experts
• Practical, state-of-the-art text that has been fully revised with the latest in clinical guidance
• Easy-to-read, accessible format in two-color text design
• Illustrative case histories, practice points, and summary boxes, future directions, as well as pitfalls and what to avoid boxes
• Multiple choice questions with answers in each chapter

Comprehensive and practical, the text is ideal for use in clinical settings for reference by all members of the multi-disciplinary team who care for pregnant women with diabetes. The manual is also designed for learning and review purposes by trainees in endocrinology, diabetes, and obstetrics.

David R. McCance, Endocrinologist, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK

Michael Maresh, Obstetrician, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK

David A. Sacks, Obstetrician, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, USA

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A PRACTICAL MANUAL OF DIABETES IN PREGNANCY The second edition of A Practical Manual of Diabetes in Pregnancy offers a wealth of new evidence, new material, new technologies, and the most current approaches to care. With contributions from a team of international experts, the manual is highly accessible and comprehensive in scope. It covers topics ranging from preconception to postnatal care, details the risks associated with diabetic pregnancy, and the long-term implications for the mother and baby. The text also explores recent controversies and examines thorny political pressures. The manual s treatment recommendations are based on the latest research to ensure pregnant women with diabetes receive the best possible care. The text takes a multi-disciplinary approach that reflects best practice in the treatment of diabetes in pregnancy. The revised second edition includes: New chapters on the very latest topics of interest Contributions from an international team of noted experts Practical, state-of-the-art text that has been fully revised with the latest in clinical guidance Easy-to-read, accessible format in two-color text design Illustrative case histories, practice points, and summary boxes, future directions, as well as pitfalls and what to avoid boxes Multiple choice questions with answers in each chapter Comprehensive and practical, the text is ideal for use in clinical settings for reference by all members of the multi-disciplinary team who care for pregnant women with diabetes. The manual is also designed for learning and review purposes by trainees in endocrinology, diabetes, and obstetrics.

Inhalt

Title Page 5
Copyright Page 6
Contents 7
Contributors 11
Foreword 15
Preface 17
Section I Introduction 19
Chapter 1 Epidemiology of Diabetes in Pregnancy 21
Prevalence of Total Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy 22
Prevalence of Known Pre-Gestational Diabetes in Pregnancy 22
Prevalence of Hyperglycemia First Detected in Pregnancy 24
Public Health Impact of Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy 28
Multiple-Choice Questions 30
Chapter 2 Pathophysiology of Diabetes in Pregnancy 35
Maternal Metabolic Adaptation to Pregnancy 35
Insulin Resistance in Pregnancy 39
Nutrient Excess and Metabolic Dysfunction 40
Insulin Resistance and Glucose Intolerance 40
Metabolic Plasticity in Pregnancy 42
Pre-gestational Diabetes 42
Summary and Future Directions for Research 43
Multiple-Choice Questions 43
References 44
Chapter 3 The Placenta in a Diabetic Pregnancy 49
Normal Development 49
The Placenta in Diabetes 51
The Role of the Insulin/LGF System and Leptin on the Placenta in Diabetes 54
Influence of Fetal Sex on Placental Function in GDM 56
Placental Methylation 57
Summary 57
Questions 58
References 58
Section II Gestational Diabetes 65
Chapter 4 Screening for Gestational Diabetes 67
Introduction 67
Definition 68
Should we Screen for Gestational Diabetes? 68
Screening Methods 69
Costs of Screening 74
Conclusions 74
Multiple-Choice Question 74
References 75
Chapter 5 Diagnostic Criteria for Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy 79
Introduction 79
Gestational Diabetes: Historical Development 79
Importance of Overt Diabetes in Pregnancy 82
Rationale for Diagnosing Maternal Hyperglycemia During Pregnancy 83
Basing Treatment on Improving Outcomes 84
Diagnosis in the First Trimester 86
Conclusions 86
Multiple-Choice Questions 87
References 87
Chapter 6 Lifestyle Treatment 91
Introduction 92
Lifestyle Intervention in Obese Pregnant Women 92
Systematic Reviews on Intervention Trials 94
Is It Possible that Intervention Might Be Harmful? 97
Ongoing Studies and Meta?Analyses 97
Comparison of Studies 98
Future Directions 99
Multiple-Choice Questions 99
References 100
Chapter 7 Obesity and Diabetes in Pregnancy 105
Introduction 106
Definitions 106
Physiology and Pathophysiology 107
Glucose Metabolism in GDM and Obesity 107
Lipid and Adipose Tissue Metabolism in GDM and Obese Pregnancies 108
Inflammation in Obesity and GDM in Pregnancy 108
In Utero Exposure to Obesity and GDM, and Later Offspring Health 113
Summary and Future Research 115
Multiple-Choice Questions 115
References 116
Chapter 8 Metabolic Abnormalities in Gestational Diabetes 123
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Chronic Metabolic Disorder 123
Metabolic Syndrome in Women with Gdm 124
Lipid Profiles in Women with Gdm 125
Blood Pressure in Women with GDM 126
Inflammation in Women with GDM 126
Adipokine Dysregulation in Women with GDM 127
Metabolic Abnormalities Before Pregnancy and in Early Gestation Prior to the Diagnosis of GDM 128
Future Perspectives 128
Multiple-Choice Questions 129
References 129
Chapter 9 Maternal Risk After the Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Pregnancy 133
Introduction 134
Maternal Sequelae of GDM After Delivery 134
Recommendations for Postpartum Glucose Screening 135
Recommendations for Behavior Modification 136
FutureDirections 140
Multiple-Choice Questions 140
References 141
Section III Diabetes Preceding Pregnancy 145
Chapter 10 Pre-Pregnancy Care in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes 147
Background 148
History of Pre-Pregnancy Care 148
Is Pre-Pregnancy Care Effective? 148
Why Do Women not Attend Pre-Pregnancy Care? 150
Components of a Pre-Pregnancy Service 151
Preconception Counseling 151
Pre-Pregnancy Care 151
Future Research 154
Multiple-Choice Questions 155
References 155
Chapter 11 Malformations 159
Epidemiology 160
Pathogenesis 160
Prevention 164
Detection and Management 166
Multiple-Choice Questions 167
References 167
Chapter 12 Provision of Pregnancy Care 171
Background 172
Guidelines for the Provision of Care 172
Aims of Multidisciplinary Joint Antenatal Diabetes Care 173
Organization: Members of the Multidisciplinary Team 174
Standardization of Schedules and Documentation 177
Special Needs 181
Problems with Provision of Maternity Care and Clinical Governance 182
The Way Forward 182
Editor’s Note: A Us Perspective 182
Multiple-Choice Questions 183
References 183
Chapter 13 Problems Encountered More Frequently in Women with Type 1 Diabetes 185
Introduction 185
Hypoglycemia 185
Hypoglycemic Unawareness 186
Autonomic Neuropathy 187
Diabetic Ketoacidosis 188
Stillbirth 191
Carbohydrate Counting and Type 1 Diabetes 192
Multiple-Choice Questions 193
Acknowledgment 193
References 193
Chapter 14 Problems Encountered More Frequently in Women with Type 2 Diabetes 197
Case History 197
Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes 197
Preconception Counseling with Type 2 Diabetes 198
Diabetic Complications in Type 2 Diabetes 198
Pregnancy Complications 200
Postpartum Management 201
Multiple-Choice Questions 202
References 202
Chapter 15 Advances in Oral Anti?Diabetes Drugs in Pregnancy 207
Background 208
Sulfonylureas and Meglitinides 208
Metformin 210
Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors 212
Ppar? Agonists 212
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (Dpp4) Inhibitors 213
GLP1 Receptor Agonists 213
Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 (Sglt2) Inhibitors 213
Breastfeeding 213
Multiple-Choice Questions 214
References 216
Chapter 16 Advances in Insulin Therapy 221
Introduction 221
Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion 222
Continuous Glucose Monitoring 223
Sensor-Augmented Pump (SAP) Therapy 224
Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery Systems 225
Conclusions and Future Directions 227
Multiple-Choice Questions 227
Acknowledgments 228
References 228
Chapter 17 Putting Pregnant Women with Diabetes on the Pump 233
Introduction 234
Initiating Insulin Pump Therapy 236
Changing Insulin Requirements During Pregnancy 237
Steroids for Fetal Lung Maturation 238
Other Considerations Specific to Pregnancy 239
The Peripartum Period 239
Breastfeeding and the Postpartum Period 241
Future Directions 241
Multiple-Choice Questions 241
References 243
Chapter 18 Pregnancy, Perinatal, and Fertility Outcomes Following Bariatric Surgery 245
Introduction 246
Classifications of Bariatric Surgery 246
Fertility 250
Contraception 250
Surgery-to-Conception Interval 250
Miscarriage 251
Preterm Labor 251
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy 251
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus 252
Cesarean Section 252
Fetal Outcomes 253
Summary 254
Future Directions 254
Multiple-Choice Questions 254
References 255
Chapter 19 Fetal Surveillance 261
Background 262
Pathophysiology of Fetal Compromise in Diabetes in Pregnancy 262
Accelerated Fetal Growth 264
Fetal Surveillance in Pre-gestational Diabetes (Type 1 or Type 2) and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (Gdm) 264
Fetal Surveillance Methods: What is the Future? 267
Practical Approaches to Fetal Surveillance 269
Research Directions 270
Multiple-Choice Questions 270
Acknowledgment 270
References 271
Chapter 20 Complications in Pregnancy: Hypertension and Diabetic Nephropathy in Diabetes in Pregnancy 275
Hypertension in the Nonpregnant Diabetic Population 276
Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy 277
Practical Aspects of Detecting Hypertension in Pregnancy 278
Principles for Treatment of Hypertension in Pregnancy 279
Choice of Antihypertensive Drugs for Use Before and During Pregnancy 281
Antihypertensive Drugs During Breastfeeding 283
Future Directions 283
Multiple-Choice Questions 283
References 283
Chapter 21 Retinopathy in Diabetic Pregnancy 287
Introduction 289
Overview of Diabetic Retinopathy Classification 289
Risk Factors for Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy 290
Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy Progression During Pregnancy 293
Possible Mechanisms of Diabetic Retinopathy Progression During Pregnancy 294
Clinical Management of Retinopathy Before, During, and After Pregnancy 295
The Way Forward 297
Multiple-Choice Questions 298
References 298
Section IV Delivery and Postnatal Care 303
Chapter 22 Delivery and Postdelivery Care: Obstetric Management of Labor, Delivery, and the Postnatal Period for Women with Type 1, Type 2, or Gestational Diabetes Mellitus 305
Background 305
Timing of Delivery 306
Mode of Delivery 308
Planned Cesarean Delivery – Practical Issues 309
Induction of Labor – Practical Issues 309
Specific Obstetric Issues in the First Stage of Labor 309
Specific Obstetric Issues in the Second Stage of Labor 310
Specific Issues Postnatally 310
Follow-Up Arrangements 311
Conclusions 311
Multiple-Choice Questions 311
References 311
Chapter 13 Diabetic Management in Labor, Delivery, and Postdelivery 315
Background 316
Before Delivery 316
During Delivery 318
Diabetes Type 320
Insulin Infusion Regimens 321
Maternal Glucose Control Postpartum 321
Breastfeeding 323
Summary and Future Research Directions 323
Multiple-Choice Questions 323
References 324
Chapter 24 Delivery and Postdelivery Care: Care of the Neonate 327
Background 328
Care of the Healthy Infant After Well-Controlled Diabetes in Pregnancy 329
Neonatal Complications – Etiology and Management 329
Long-Term Outcomes 337
Summary – Minimizing Risk 337
Multiple-Choice Questions 337
References 338
Chapter 25 Postpartum Contraception for Women with Diabetes 343
Background 344
Important Contraceptive Safety Considerations in Women With Diabetes 345
Timing of Contraceptive Initiation 347
Contraceptive Options by Method 349
Case Follow-Up 352
Future Directions 353
Multiple-Choice Questions 353
References 354
Chapter 26 Breastfeeding and Diabetes 359
Breastfeeding and Diabetes 360
The Impact of Diabetes on Lactogenesis 361
The Effect of Diabetes on the Composition of Breast Milk 361
Breastfeeding Rates, Duration, and Exclusivity Among Women with Diabetes 362
Interventions to Promote and Facilitate Breastfeeding 362
Antenatal Expression and Harvesting of Colostrum 363
Facilitators and Barriers to Establishing and Maintaining Lactation 363
Breastfeeding and the Effects on Maternal Glycemic Control 364
Breastfeeding and Medication 364
Benefits of Exclusive Breastfeeding For 6 or More Months 365
Conclusion 365
Multiple Choice Questions 366
References 366
Section 5 Implications for the Future 371
Chapter 27 Implications for the Mother with Diabetes 373
Background 374
Immediate Postpartum Period 374
Long-Term Effects of Pregnancy on Women with Diabetes 376
Summary 380
Multiple-Choice Questions 380
References 381
Chapter 28 Diabetes in Pregnancy: Implications for the Offspring 385
Risks in the Neonatal Period 385
Risks in Childhood and Adulthood 386
Mechanisms of Long-Term Effects 389
Summary and Future Directions 390
Multiple-Choice Questions 390
Abbreviations 391
References 391
Chapter 29 From the Bench to the Bedside: Potential Future Therapies for Gestational Diabetes – the Enhancement of ?-Cell Mass and Function During Pregnancy 395
Introduction 395
Adaptation of ?-Cell Mass During Pregnancy 395
Changes to the Islet Paracrine Environment During Pregnancy 400
Cell-Based Therapy to Prevent Gestational Diabetes 401
Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) 402
Multiple-Choice Questions 404
Acknowledgments 405
References 405
Index 411
EULA 449

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 20.9.2017
• Reihe/Serie: Practical Manual of Series
• Reihe/Serie: Practical Manual of Series
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Sachbuch/Ratgeber ► Gesundheit / Leben / Psychologie
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Gynäkologie / Geburtshilfe
• Themenwelt: Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Innere Medizin ► Diabetologie
• Themenwelt: Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Innere Medizin ► Endokrinologie
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Biochemie / Molekularbiologie
• Schlagworte: Allgemeine u. Innere Medizin • A Practical Manual of Diabetes in Pregnancy • caring for women with diabetes during pregnancy • complications in pregnancy diabetes • David McCance • david sacks • delivery for diabetes pregnancy • Diabetes • epidemiology diabetes pregnancy • Geburtshilfe • General & Internal Medicine • Gestational Diabetes • Guide to diabetes pregnancy • long-term implications diabetes pregnancy • manual diabetes pregnancy • medical care for diabetes pregnancy • Medical Science • Medizin • Michael Maresh • Multi-disciplinary guide to pregnancy and diabetes • Obstetrics • pathophysiology diabetes pregnancy • physician's guide treating diabetes pregnancy • preconception to postnatal care for women with diabetes • pre-existing diabetes in pregnancy • prepregnancy care diabetes • recommendation diabetes and pregnancy • research diabetes and pregnancy • risks diabetic pregnancy • treatment diabetes pregnancy
• ISBN-10: 1-119-04377-8 / 1119043778
• ISBN-13: 978-1-119-04377-5 / 9781119043775