Thermodynamics for Drug Product Design (eBook)

A Guide for Pharmaceutical Scientists

William Craig Stagner (Autor)

eBook Download: EPUB

2025
700 Seiten
Wiley (Verlag)
9781119851103 (ISBN)

Infos

Comprehensive reference reviewing how thermodynamic principles underpin the design of drug products and their applications

Written in an easy-to-read and understand style, Thermodynamics for Drug Product Design offers an abundance of real-life drug product design examples, applications, personal anecdotes, and solved problems that contextualize thermodynamic principles for the drug product design scientist. Advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students will learn to apply thermodynamic principles to create robust drug products and to predict, prevent, analyze, and evaluate the root cause of product failures. Professionals engaged in drug product design will find this book to be a rich and easy to use reference guide.

The first two chapters address some key basics of data reporting and analysis, math, and thermodynamic properties using simple and accessible language. These chapters also help readers understand fundamental underlying definitions and physical relationships required to use thermodynamic laws in the design of drug products. In later chapters, the book focuses on six industrial pharmacy relevant thermodynamic topics: the laws of thermodynamics, Gibbs free energy, equilibrium, drug solubility equilibrium, surface thermodynamics, and adsorption phenomena.

Thermodynamics for Drug Product Design features chapters including:

• Data Reporting and Analysis
• Underlying Thermodynamic Physical Property Relationships and Definitions
• The Laws of Thermodynamics
• Gibbs Free Energy
• Equilibrium
• Drug Solubility Equilibrium
• Surface Thermodynamics
• Adsorption Phenomena

What others say:

'...comprehensive, rigorous, and logically organized ...the explanations flow effortlessly from the page...'
-BRUNO HANCOCK, PhD, FAAPS, Editor, JPharmSci

'...has a unique style of communicating complex scientific issues...'
-KEN MORRIS, PhD, FAAPS, Professor Emeritus, Founding Director Lachman Institute

'...unusual wide range of subjects...unusual for detail...'
-DALE ERIC WURSTER, PhD, FAAPS, Professor Emeritus, 2019 AAPS President

William Craig Stagner, RPh, MS, PhD is Professor Emeritus and formerly Director of the Campbell University Pharmaceutical Sciences Institute and Director of the Center for Analysis of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials at Campbell University College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences at Buies Creek, NC. Prior to joining the faculty, he founded the Pharmaceutics Department at the Glaxo Research Institute in Research Triangle Park, NC. Among his publications are co-authoring both editions of the Wiley title Integrated Pharmaceutics: Applied Preformulation, Product Design, and Regulatory Science.

Textauszug

SI Defining Constants

SI Defining Constantsa

Symbol	Defining constant	Exact value

Δν Cs

Hyperfine transition frequency of Cs

9.192631770E9 Hz

c

Speed of light

2.99792458E8 m s−1

h

Planck constant

6.62607015E‐34 J s

e

Elementary charge

1.602176634E‐19 C

ka B

Boltzmann constant

1.380649E‐23 J K−1

b3.297623E‐24 cal K−1

b1.380649E‐16 erg K−1

b8.314462E‐3 kJ mol−1 K−1

N A

Avogadro constant

6.02214076 × 1023 units mol−1

K cd

Luminous efficacy of 540 THz radiation

683 lm W−

R

Gas constant

8.31446261815324 J K−1 mol−1

1.98720425864083 cal K−1 mol−1

a Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Units.

b Value in different units. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltzmann_constant.

Common Derived Quantities

Physical quantity	SI unit	Unit symbol	Base unit terms

Area

—

—

m2

Volume

—

—

m3

Concentration

—

—

mol·m−3

Density

—

—

kg·m−3

Velocity

—

—

m·s−1

Energy, heat, work

Joule

J

N·m ≡ m2·kg·s−2

Force

Newton

N

m·kg·s−2

Pressure

Pascal

Pa

N·m−2 ≡ m−1·kg·s−2

Heat capacity

—

C

J·K−1 ≡ m2·kg·s−2·K−1

Power

Watts

W

J·s−1 ≡ m2·kg·s−3

Viscosity

—

Pa·s

Pa·s ≡ m−1·kg·s

Poise (P)

cm−1⋅g⋅s−1

P

dyne⋅cm−2⋅s

P

0.1 Pa·s

Other Frequently Used Constants

Name	Symbol	Numerical expression

Pi

π

a3.14159 26535 89793 23846

Euler’s number

e

a2.71828 18284 59045 23536

Acceleration of gravity

g

b9.80665 m⋅s−2

a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mathematical_constants.

b https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_gravity.

Common Unitary Conversion Ratios a

1 g/10−3 kg

1 L/10−3 m3

1 mL/10−3 L

1 μ/10−6 m

1 Å/10−10 m

1 Å/10−8 cm

1 atm/1.01325E5 Pa

1 atm/1.01325 bar

1 atm/760 mmHg

1 bar/750.062 mmHg

1 bar/1E5 Pa

4.184 J/cal

1 J·mol−1/2.390E‐4 kcal·mol

1 kcal·mol−1/4.184 J·mol−1

1 erg/10−7 J

1 dyn/10−5 N

1 centipoise/mPa⋅s

Ln X/2.303 log X

a Unitary conversion ratios equal 1.

SI Unit Prefixes

Prefix	Submultiple	Symbol	Prefix	Multiple	Symbol

Deci

10−1

d

Deca

101

da

Centi

10−2

c

Hecto

102

h

Milli

10−3

m

Kilo

103

k

Micro

10−6

μ

Mega

106

M

Nano

10−9

n

Giga

109

G

Pico

10−12

p

Tera

1012

T

Femto

10−15

f

Peta

1015

P

Atto

10−18

a

Exa

1018

E

Zepto

10−21

z

Zetta

1021

Z

Yocto

10−24

y

Yotta

1024

Y

Ronto

10−27

r

Ronna

1027

R

Quecto

10−30

q

Quetta

1030

Q

SI Fundamental/Base Units

Physical quantity	Dimensional symbol	Unit name	Unit symbol

Length

l

Meter

m

Mass

m

Kilogram

kg

Time

t

Second

s

Temperature

T

Kelvin

K

Amount of substance

n

Mole

mol

Luminous intensity

I V

Candela

cd

Electric current

I

Ampere

A

Selected Derived Physical Quantities

Physical quantity	Formula or name	SIa derived unit symbol (s)	Dimensional formula (s)

Area

Length × width

m2

[L2]

Volume

Length × width × height

m3

[L3]

Velocity

Distance per second

m s−1

[Lt−1]

Concentration

Amount per volume

mol m−3

[nL−3]

Density

Mass per volume

kg m−3

[ML−3]

Forceb

Newton (N)

m kg s−2

[LMt−2]

Energy, heat, workc

Joule (J)

N m = m2 kg s−2

[L2Mt−2]

Heat capacity

Joule per kelvin

N m K−1 = m2 kg s−2 K−1

[L2Mt−2K−1]

Pressure

Pascal (Pa)

N m−2 = m−1 kg s−2

[L−1Mt−2]

Surface tension

Newton per length

N m−1

[Mt−2]

Surface energy

Joule per length × length

J m−2

[Mt−2]

Gas constantd

Gas constant (R)

J K−1 mol−1 = m2 kg s−2 K−1 mol−1

[L2Mt−2T−1n−1]

...

Gas constant

Gas constant (R)

m3 Pa K−1 mol−1 = m2 kg s−2 K−1 mol−1

[L2Mt−2T−1n−1]

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 23.9.2025
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie
• Schlagworte: Dimensional Analysis • drug solubility equilibria • Equilibria • Gibbs energy • interfacial thermodynamics • Isotherms • kinetic energy • laws thermodynamics • pharmaceutical product development • surface tension • Surface Thermodynamics
• ISBN-13: 9781119851103 / 9781119851103