Coastal Storms (eBook)

Processes and Impacts

Paolo Ciavola, Giovanni Coco (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2017
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-118-93708-2 (ISBN)

Infos

A comprehensive introduction to coastal storms and their associated impacts

Coastal Storms offers students and professionals in the field a comprehensive overview and groundbreaking text that is specifically devoted to the analysis of coastal storms. Based on the most recent knowledge and contributions from leading researchers, the text examines coastal storms' processes and characteristics, the main hazards (such as overwash, inundation and flooding, erosion, structures overtopping), and how to monitor and model storms. The authors include information on the most advanced innovations in forecasting, prediction, and early warning, which serves as a foundation for accurate risk evaluation and developing adequate coastal indicators and management options.

In addition, structural overtopping and damage are explained, taking into account the involved hydrodynamic and morphodynamic processes. The monitoring methods of coastal storms are analyzed based on recent results from research projects in Europe and the United States. Methods for vulnerability and risk evaluation are detailed, storm impact indicators are suggested for different hazards and coastal management procedures analyzed. This important resource includes:

• Comprehensive coverage of storms and associated impacts, including meteorological coastal storm definitions and related potential consequences
• A state-of-the-art reference for advanced students, professionals and researchers in the field
• Chapters on monitoring methods of coastal storms, their prediction, early warning systems, and modeling of consequences
• Explorations of methods for vulnerability and risk evaluation and suggestions for storm impact indicators for different hazards and coastal management procedures

Coastal Storms is a compilation of scientific and policy-related knowledge related to climate-related extreme events. The authors are internationally recognized experts and their work reflects the most recent science and policy advances in the field.

Paolo Ciavola is an Associate Professor of Geomorphology at the University of Ferrara, where he teaches courses of geomorphology and coastal risk. He holds an MSc in Geology from the University of Bologna (Italy) and a PhD in Marine Sciences from the University of Algarve (Portugal). He has an interest in coastal processes and risk from extreme storms.

Giovanni Coco is an Associate Professor in the School of Environment at the University of Auckland, where he teaches courses on modelling environmental systems. He holds a PhD in Marine Studies from the University of Plymouth (UK). His interests range from coastal processes to machine learning and pattern formation.

Inhalt

Cover 1
Title Page 5
Copyright 6
Contents 7
List of Contributors 13
Series Foreword 17
Introduction 19
Acknowledgments 21
Chapter 1 Coastal Storm Definition 23
1.1 Introduction 23
1.1.1 The challenge of defining coastal storms 26
1.1.2 A general coastal storm definition 29
1.1.3 Approaches to assessing coastal storminess 30
1.2 Synoptic systems and coastal storms 31
1.2.1 Tropical cyclones 31
1.2.2 Extra-tropical cyclones 32
1.2.3 Storm surge 33
1.3 Statistical approaches to identifying coastal storms 34
1.3.1 Coastal storm events from wave time-series 34
1.3.2 Coastal storm events from water-level time-series 37
1.3.3 Indicators of coastal storm severity 38
1.4 Conclusion 40
References 41
Chapter 2 Hydrodynamics Under Storm Conditions 45
2.1 General introduction 45
2.2 Storm surges 45
2.2.1 Introduction 45
2.2.2 Governing equations 46
2.3 Hydrodynamics of the surf zone during storms 53
2.3.1 Introduction 53
2.3.2 Longshore currents 53
2.3.3 Bed return flows 54
2.3.4 Infragravity waves 55
2.3.5 Swash zone dynamics 57
2.4 Conclusions and future challenges 60
Acknowledgements 60
References 61
Chapter 3 Sediment Transport Under Storm Conditions on Sandy Beaches 67
3.1 Introduction 67
3.2 Morphological consequences of coastal storms 68
3.3 Sediment transport processes during storms 70
3.4 Observations of sediment transport on the upper shoreface during storm events 75
3.5 Observations of sediment transport on the lower shoreface during storm events 80
3.6 Conclusions 82
Acknowledgements 82
References 82
Chapter 4 Examples of Storm Impacts on Barrier Islands 87
4.1 Introduction 87
4.2 Barrier island response to storms 88
4.3 Quantifying the changes due to specific storms 92
4.4 Resilience 97
4.5 Summary 98
Acknowledgements 99
References 99
Chapter 5 Storm Impacts on the Morphology and Sedimentology of Open-coast Tidal Flats 103
5.1 Introduction 103
5.2 Sedimentologic characteristics 105
5.3 Erosion-deposition processes and morphodynamics of open-coast tidal flat 110
5.4 Conclusions 118
References 118
Chapter 6 Storm Impacts on Cliffed Coastlines 121
6.1 Introduction 121
6.2 Methodologies and their application 126
6.3 Storminess and the cliff record 128
6.4 Case study: Soft rock cliff geology and responses to storms 132
6.5 Modelling shoreline retreat for cliffed coasts and the incorporation of storminess 137
6.6 Future storm impacts on clifflines under accelerated sea-level rise and changing storminess 139
6.7 Conclusions 141
Acknowledgements 141
References 141
Chapter 7 Storms in Coral Reefs 149
7.1 Introduction 149
7.2 Geomorphic units of reefs 151
7.2.1 Reefs as ecomorphodynamic structures 152
7.2.2 Unique interactions of storm waves with coral reefs 154
7.3 Storms on the forereef: Role of spurs and grooves 156
7.3.1 Destructive effects of storms in the forereef and spur and groove 157
7.3.2 Constructive effects of storms in the forereef 158
7.4 Storms on the reef flats: Development of rubble flats and rubble spits 158
7.4.1 Waves on the reef flats 158
7.4.2 Destructive effects of storms on reef flats 158
7.4.3 Constructive effects of storms on reef flats 159
7.5 Storms on the backreef: Sand aprons, reef islands and beaches 161
7.5.1 Sand aprons 161
7.5.2 Reef islands 161
7.6 Conclusion 167
Acknowledgements 167
References 167
Chapter 8 Storm Clustering and Beach Response 173
8.1 Introduction 173
8.2 Storm clustering: Genesis and definitions 175
8.2.1 Genesis 175
8.2.2 Definitions 176
8.3 Approaches used to assess storm clustering impact on coasts 178
8.3.1 Data collection 178
8.3.2 Numerical models 179
8.4 Beach response to storm cluster 181
8.4.1 Bar dynamics under storm clustering 181
8.4.2 Morphological feedback 182
8.4.3 The dynamic equilibrium concept 184
8.4.4 Water level 186
8.4.5 Recovery periods 187
8.5 Conclusions 189
References 189
Chapter 9 Overwash Processes: Lessons from Fieldwork and Laboratory Experiments 197
9.1 Introduction 197
9.1.1 Overwash definition 197
9.1.2 Occurrence of overwash 199
9.1.3 Relevance of overwash 202
9.2 Methods to study overwash processes 202
9.2.1 Fieldwork measurements 202
9.2.2 Laboratory experiments 203
9.3 Hydrodynamic processes during overwash 205
9.3.1 Oceanographic conditions 205
9.3.2 Hydraulics of overwash flows 205
9.4 Morpho-sedimentary dynamics by overwash processes 207
9.4.1 Morphological changes induced by overwash 207
9.4.2 Morphodynamic processes during overwash 209
9.5 Conclusion 211
Acknowledgements 212
References 212
Chapter 10 Modeling the Morphological Impacts of Coastal Storms 217
10.1 Introduction 217
10.1.1 Empirical models 218
10.1.2 Process-based models 219
10.1.3 Process-model applications 223
10.1.4 Operational models 231
10.2 Outlook 231
Acknowledgements 232
References 232
Chapter 11 Preparing for the Impact of Coastal Storms: A Coastal Manager-oriented Approach 239
11.1 Introduction 239
11.2 Coastal vulnerability assessment framework 241
11.2.1 General framework 241
11.2.2 How to characterize storm-induced hazards 241
11.2.3 How to measure the vulnerability 243
11.2.4 How to select the probability to be analyzed 244
11.2.5 The Catalonia coastal vulnerability assessment framework 245
11.3 Coastal early warning systems 249
11.3.1 Generalities 249
11.3.2 Coastal EWSs 250
11.3.3 The Emilia-Romagna coastal early warning system 250
11.4 Conclusion 256
Acknowledgements 257
References 257
Chapter 12 Assessing Storm Erosion Hazards 263
12.1 Introduction 263
12.2 The diagnostic conundrum 264
12.3 Quantifying storm erosion volumes for coastal management/planning 265
12.3.1 Coastal profile model application with Extrapolated Wave Exceedance Characteristics (EWEC) 265
12.3.2 Coastal profile model application with the Synthetic Design Storm (SDS) approach 267
12.3.3 The Joint Probability Method (JPM) approach 268
12.3.4 Corbella and Stretch (CS) approach 270
12.4 Application of storm erosion volume estimates in coastal management/planning 272
12.5 Conclusions and recommendations 273
Acknowledgments 276
References 276
Conclusions and Future Perspectives 279
Index 281
EULA 289

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 31.3.2017
• Reihe/Serie: Hydrometeorological Extreme Events
• Reihe/Serie: Hydrometeorological Extreme Events
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Ökologie / Naturschutz
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geografie / Kartografie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Hydrologie / Ozeanografie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Meteorologie / Klimatologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: analysis of coastal storms • Climatology & Palaeoclimatology • coastal storm management options • coastal storms • coastal storms accurate risk evaluation • coastal storms characteristics • coastal storms early warning • coastal storms erosion • coastal storms flooding • coastal storms inundation • coastal storms main hazards • coastal storms overwash • coastal storms processes • coastal storms structures overtopping • damage from coastal storms • developing adequate coastal storm indicators • earth sciences • Geowissenschaften • Giovanni Coco • hydrodynamics and coastal storms • Hydrological Sciences • Hydrologie • innovations in forecasting coastal storms • Klimatologie u. Paläoklimatologie • Klimatologie u. Paläoklimatologie • Meteorologie • meteorology • modeling coastal storms • monitoring coastal storms • morphodynamic processes and coastal storms • overview of coastal storms • Paolo Ciavola • Predicting coastal storms • research on coastal storms • resource on coastal storms • risk evaluation of coastal storms
• ISBN-10: 1-118-93708-2 / 1118937082
• ISBN-13: 978-1-118-93708-2 / 9781118937082