Plasticity of Boronized Layers (eBook)

M. G. Krukovich, B. A Prusakov, I. G Sizov (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2016 | 1st ed. 2016
XI, 364 Seiten
Springer International Publishing (Verlag)
978-3-319-40012-9 (ISBN)

Infos

This book presents the physico-technical basis and current state of the technology of boronized layers. Special attention is given to the layer structure and morphology of allocated phases and distributions in a superficial zone of chemical compounds. Two- and multi-component phases of alloys and diffusion processes in a self-organizing mode are discussed. Surface hardening by boronizing increases the life time of mechanical tools. This is important for the mining industry, agriculture, textile and chemical industry. The book is important for thermochemical treatment and surface hardening of metals and alloys.

Inhalt

Preface to the English Edition 6
Contents 8
1 Introduction 13
Reference 14
2 General Classification of Boriding Processes 15
Abstract 15
2.1 Plain: The Mechanism of Saturating Atoms Generation 19
2.2 Plain: Technological Specifics 20
2.3 Plain: Phase Composition, Structure and Properties 22
2.4 Plain: Processing Temperature and Usage 22
References 23
3 The Components and Phases of Systems ‘Boron-Iron’ and ‘Boron-Carbon-Iron’ 24
Abstract 24
3.1 Boron (B) 25
3.2 Carbon (C) 25
3.3 Iron (Fe) 26
3.4 Boron Solid Solution in Iron 26
3.5 Iron Borides 28
References 30
4 The Equilibrium Diagram of ‘Boron-Iron’ Binary System 33
Abstract 33
4.1 The Evolution of the Equilibrium Diagram at High Concentrations of Boron ( greaterthan 0.25%) 34
4.2 The Evolution of the Equilibrium Diagram at Low Boron Concentrations ( lessthan 0.25%) 38
4.3 The Complete Equilibrium Diagram of Fe-B Binary System 40
4.3.1 Marder’s Diagram 42
4.3.2 Tylkina and Bochvar’s Diagram 43
4.3.3 The Scheme of the Complete Equilibrium Diagram (Including the Formation of Fe3B and FeB2 Borides) 44
References 47
5 Multicomponent Equilibrium Diagrams Used in Boriding Treatments of Steels and Alloys 49
Abstract 49
5.1 The Equilibrium Diagram of ‘B-C-Fe’ Triple System 50
5.2 Three-Component Diagrams of Boron-Containing Transition Metals 54
5.3 Four- and Five-Component Equilibrium Diagram Schemes for the Alloys Used in Boriding 58
5.3.1 The Principles of Building Multi-Component Equilibrium Diagram Schemes in Traditional Coordinates 59
5.3.2 Building the Equilibrium Diagram Scheme & !blank
5.3.3 Building the Equilibrium Diagram Scheme & !blank
References 73
6 Plasticity as the Key to the Durability of Boronized Layers 75
Abstract 75
6.1 The Classification of Boronized Layers by Their Plasticity 76
6.2 Evaluation Methods Applied to the Plasticity (Brittleness) of Boronized Layers 81
References 89
7 The Formation Conditions for Boride and Boronized Layers and Their Influence on the Layers’ Plasticity 91
Abstract 91
7.1 The Formation Mechanism for Saturating Boron Atoms in Ionic Melted Mediums 94
7.2 The Formation Mechanism for Saturating Boron Atoms in Ionic Gaseous Mediums 100
7.3 The Formation Mechanism for Saturating Boron Atoms in Solid Mediums 102
7.4 The Mechanism of Mass Transfer in Mediums Containing Atomic Boron 105
7.5 The Stages of Boriding and the Control Over the Speed of Their Progress 106
7.6 The Formation Mechanism for Diffusive Boronized Layers in Steels 113
7.6.1 The Diffusion Formation Mechanism for Boronized Layers 114
7.6.2 The Diffusion-Crystallization Formation Mechanism for Boronized Layers 115
7.7 Gas Formation Patterns in Boriding 117
References 118
8 Methods of Reducing the Brittleness of Boronized Layers: The Parameters of Boriding Technology Aimed at Determining the Plasticity of Boronized Layers 121
Abstract 121
8.1 Methods of Reducing the Brittleness of Boride Phases in Layers 122
8.2 The Formation Peculiarities of the Transition Zone and Its Influence on the Properties 125
8.3 The Parameters of the Technological Process Which Determine the Plasticity of Boronized Layers in Steels 131
8.3.1 The Connection Between the Composition of Gaseous Mediums and the Plasticity of Boronized Layers 132
8.3.2 The Connection Between Non-contact Processing Conditions in Gaseous Mediums and the Plasticity of Boronized Layers 136
8.3.3 The Influence of the Conditions of Contact Saturation in Gaseous Mediums on the Plasticity of Boronized Layers 151
8.3.4 The Influence of Saturation Conditions in Liquid Mediums on the Plasticity of Boronized Layers 175
8.3.5 The Influence of Processing Conditions on the Plasticity of Boronized Layers at the Atomic State of the Medium 190
8.3.6 The Influence of Additional Processing on the Plasticity of Boronized Layers 192
References 194
9 The Structure Compositeness as the Foundation for the Plasticity of Boronized Layers 207
Abstract 207
9.1 Laser Boriding 209
9.1.1 Peculiarities of Boriding with Laser Heating 209
9.1.2 The Influence of Laser Heating on the Structure of Boronized Layers 209
9.2 Electron-Beam Boriding 211
9.2.1 The Peculiarities of Boriding with Electron-Beam Heating 211
9.2.2 The Influence of Electron-Beam Heating on the Structure of Boronized Layers 213
9.2.3 The Mechanical Properties of Boronized Layers with Composite Structure 228
References 233
10 The Connection Between the Plasticity of Boronized Layers and the Mechanical and Exploitation Properties of Boronized Steels 238
Abstract 238
10.1 The Generation Pattern for the Hardness of One-Phase and Multiple-Phase Structures in Boronized Layers 239
10.2 The Pattern for the Stress State Formation in Boronized Layers 243
10.3 The Pattern for the Brittleness Formation in Boronized Layers 248
10.4 The Wear-Resistance of Boronized Layers 251
10.4.1 The Wear Process Pattern for Boronized Layers in Sliding Friction Conditions 256
10.4.2 The Behavior Pattern of Boronized Steels in Abrasive Wear Conditions 259
10.5 The Thermal Fatigue Resistance and Scale Resistance in Boronized Layers 261
10.6 The Corrosion and Corrosion-Mechanical Fracture of Boronized Layers 263
10.7 The Mechanical Properties of Boronized Steels 271
References 275
11 Modeling the Formation of Diffusive Boronized Layers and Their Wear-Resistance 277
Abstract 277
11.1 Modeling the Formation of Diffusive Boride Layers 282
11.2 Modeling the Growth Kinetics of Diffusive Boride Layers 284
11.3 Modelling the Wear Processes of Boronized Layers 288
References 291
12 The Prospective Boriding Technologies Guaranteeing the Improvements in the Plasticity of Layers 293
Abstract 293
12.1 The Technological Specifics of Boriding Processes 294
12.1.1 The Preparation for the Surface Hardening 294
12.1.2 The Specifics of Boriding in Powder Mixtures 298
12.1.3 The Specifics of Boriding in Liquid Mediums 300
12.1.4 The Specifics of Boriding in Compact Materials (Coatings) 302
12.1.5 The Specifics of Gaseous Medium Boriding 303
12.1.6 Methods for Intensifying Diffusion Saturation 304
12.2 Other Methods of Boriding 305
12.2.1 Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD-Processes) 306
References 307
13 The Use of Boriding Processes in the Industrial Treatment of Details and Tools 308
Abstract 308
14 The Development of the Theory and Practice of Boriding 318
Abstract 318
14.1 The Classification of Boriding Processes 320
14.2 The Components and Phases of Systems ‘Boron–Iron’ and ‘Boron–Carbon–Iron’ 321
14.3 The Equilibrium Diagram of ‘Boron–Iron’ Binary System 322
14.4 Multicomponent Equilibrium Diagrams Used in Boriding Treatments of Steels and Alloys 322
14.5 Plasticity as the Key to the Durability of Boronized Layers 324
14.6 The Formation Conditions for Boride and Boronized Layers and Their Influence on the Layers’ Plasticity 325
14.7 Methods of Reducing the Brittleness of Boronized Layers. The Parameters of Boriding Technology Aimed at Determining the Plasticity of Boronized Layers 326
14.8 The Structure Compositeness as the Foundation for the Plasticity of Boronized Layers 335
14.9 The Connection Between the Plasticity of Boronized Layers and the Mechanical and Exploitation Properties of Boronized Steels 336
14.10 Modeling the Formation of Diffusive Boronized Layers and Their Wear-Resistance 337
14.11 The Prospective Boriding Technologies Guaranteeing the Improvements in the Plasticity of Layers 341
14.12 The Use of Boriding Processes in the Industrial Treatment of Details and Tools 342
References 343
Appendix A: The Calculation of Eutectic Temperatures and Concentrations in Two- and Multi-phase Systems 347
Appendix B: Terms Used for Describing Boriding Processes in Accordance with the Classification Scheme 361
Index 368

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 25.8.2016
• Reihe/Serie: Springer Series in Materials Science
• Reihe/Serie: Springer Series in Materials Science
• Zusatzinfo: XI, 364 p. 113 illus., 12 illus. in color.
• Verlagsort: Cham
• Sprache: englisch
• Original-Titel: Пластичность борированных слоев
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Schlagworte: Binary system iron-pine boron • Boronized steels • Boronizing steel and alloys • Boronizing technology • Diffusion processes in a self-organizing mode • Layered structure and morphology of allocated phases • Phase equilibrium diagram of binary systems • Surface hardening
• ISBN-10: 3-319-40012-6 / 3319400126
• ISBN-13: 978-3-319-40012-9 / 9783319400129