Special Topics (eBook)

B. Bederson, H. S. W. Massey, E. W. McDaniel (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2013 | 1. Auflage
464 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-8171-1 (ISBN)

Infos

Applied Atomic Collision Physics, Volume 5: Special Topics deals with topics on applications of atomic collisions that were not covered in the first four volumes of the treatise. The book opens with a chapter on ultrasensitive chemical detectors. This is followed by separate chapters on lighting, magnetohydrodynamic electrical power generation, gas breakdown and high voltage insulating gases, thermionic energy converters, and charged particle detectors. Subsequent chapters deal with the operation of multiwire drift and proportional chambers and streamer chambers and their use in high energy physics experiments; photoelectron spectroscopy of negative ions and the chemical information that can be obtained from such studies; and the determination of intermolecular potentials. Also discussed are studies on the determination of ion molecular potential curves using photodissociative processes; determination of negative ion thermo chemical data using ion-neutral reactions; gas-phase chemical reactions; collision phenomena in electrical discharge lamps; and military applications of atomic and molecular physics.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Special Topics 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
List of Contributors 12
Treatise Preface 14
Preface 16
Chapter 1. Ultrasensitive Chemical Detectors 18
I. Introduction 19
II. Common Factors 20
III. Calibration 24
IV. Signal Amplification and Processing 26
V. Ion Chamber Design 28
VI. The Ultrasensitive Detectors. The Electron Capture Detector (ECD) 30
VII. The Flame Ionization Detector (FID) 35
VIII. The Photoionization Detector (PID) 38
IX. Penning Effect Detectors (PED) 40
X. Chemiluminescent Detectors (CLD) 44
XI. Conclusions 45
References 46
Chapter 2. Lightning 48
I. Introduction and Brief History 48
II. Summary of Lightning Observations 51
III. Cloud Electrification 56
IV. Lightning Initiation 59
V. Propagation of Leaders and Growth of Channels 61
VI. Electronacoustic Waves 66
VII. Energy Storage along the Column 69
VIII. Intermittent Recharging 71
IX. The Electrode Step 71
X. Return Strokes 72
XI. Column Expansion and Thunder 74
XII. Subsequent Strokes 75
XIII. Continuing Currents 78
XIV. Other Modes 78
XV. M Strokes 79
XVI. Terrestrial Charge Balance 79
XVII. Ball Lightning 79
XVIII. Lightning Protection 80
XIX. Summary 81
References 82
Chapter 3. Magnetohydrodynamic Electrical Power Generation 86
I. Introduction 86
II. Modeling the Plasma 88
III. Plasma Composition 92
IV. Collision Cross Sections 97
V. Concluding Remarks 100
Acknowledgment 101
References 101
Chapter 4. Gas Breakdown and High Voltage Insulating Gases 104
I. Introduction 105
II. Gas Breakdown 106
III. Key Collision Processes of Direct Relevance to Gas Breakdown and High Voltage Insulation 112
IV. The Role of Basic Knowledge of Collision Processes in the Development of High Voltage Insulating Gases 149
V. Engineering Aspects 167
VI. Examples of Applications of Gaseous Dielectrics 177
VII. Concluding Remarks 179
References 180
Chapter 5. Thermionic Energy Conversion 186
I. Introduction 187
II. The Ideal Diode Thermionic Converter as a Reference Case 188
III. Phenomenological Description of Plasma Diode Thermionic Converter 191
IV. Fundamental Description of the Plasma Diode Thermionic Converter 202
V. Numerical Results 208
VI. Basic and Practical Frontiers 212
References 216
Chapter 6. Single-Particle Detection: Gaseous Devices 218
I. Introduction 218
II. Conventional Radiation Detectors 220
III. Resonance Ionization of Gases 226
IV. Detection of Stable Atoms 229
V. Detection of Daughter Atoms in Radioactive Decay 233
References 234
Chapter 7. Gas-Filled Radiation Detectors in High Energy Physics 236
I. Introduction 236
II. Principles of Operation of Multiwire Proportional and Drift Chambers 237
III. The Use of Drift and Multiwire Proportional Chambers in High Energy Physics Experiments 247
IV. Streamer Chambers 251
V. New Techniques for the 1980s 253
VI. Conclusions 254
References 255
Chapter 8. Negative Ion Photoelectron Spectroscopy 256
I. Introduction 256
II. Experimental Method 258
III. Atomic Negative Ions 261
IV. Molecular Negative Ions 265
V. Conclusion and Prospects 269
Acknowledgments 270
References 270
Chapter 9. Determination of Intermolecular Potentials 272
I. Introduction and Historical Background 272
II. Theoretical Calculations 274
III. Spectroscopic Observations 277
IV. Beam Scattering 278
V. Bulk Properties 280
VI. Discussion 283
Acknowledgment 284
References 284
Chapter 10 Determination of Ion Molecular Potential Curves Using Photodissociative Processes 286
I. Introduction 286
II. Experimental Techniques 287
III. Types of Photodissociation Transitions 289
IV. Direct Photodissociation 291
V. Photopredissociation 296
VI. Conclusions 299
References 299
Chpater 11. Determination of Negative Ion Thermochemical Data Using Ion–Neutral Reactions 302
I. Introduction 302
II. Electron Affinity 303
III. Negative Ion Bond Dissociation Energies 307
IV. Negative Ion Isomeric Species 308
V. Summary 309
References 309
Chapter 12. The Study of Gas-Phase Chemical Reactions 312
I. Introduction 312
II. Techniques and Applications 315
III. Future Directions 329
Acknowledgments 330
References 330
Chapter 13. Combustion and Flames 334
I. Introduction 334
II. Some Experimental Methods 335
III. Properties of Refractory Species 339
IV. Combustion Reactions 340
V. Concluding Remarks 344
Acknowledgments 344
References 345
Chapter 14. Collision Phenomena in Electrical Discharge Lamps 348
I. Introduction 348
II. Classification of Electric Discharge Lamps 349
III. Fundamental Basis for High Efficiency of Low Pressure Discharge Lamps 352
IV. Cross Sections of Importance 355
V. Ignition Phenomena 361
V I . Summary 363
Acknowledgments 363
References 364
Chapter 15. Collision Kinetics in Gas Dynamics 366
I. Introduction 366
II. The Continuum Underexpanded or Supersonic Free Jet 368
III. Applications of Free Jet Expansions 376
Acknowledgments 391
References 391
Chapter 16. Military Applications of Atomic and Molecular Physics 396
I. Introduction 397
II. Atmospheric Modeling 397
III. Laser Applications 403
IV. High Energy Particle Beams 408
V. Plume Signatures 412
VI. Precision Timing 415
VII. Atomic Magnetometers 418
VIII. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Gyroscope 421
IX. Atomic Filters/Detectors 422
X. Conclusions 427
Acknowledgments 427
References 428
APPENDIX I: Sources of Information on Atomic Collisions Cross Sections and Reaction Rates in the Gas Phase 434
Part A. General References Covering a Wide Range of Processes 434
Part B. Electron Collisions with Heavy Particles 436
Part C. Photon Collisions with Heavy Particles 437
Part D. Heavy Particle-Heavy Particle Collisions 438
APPENDIX II: Sources of Information Structural and Spectral Properties of Atoms, Molecules, and Ions 442
Index 446

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.10.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Quantenphysik
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 1-4832-8171-X / 148328171X
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4832-8171-1 / 9781483281711