Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (eBook)

Proceedings of the 10th International Conference, Lyon, 2-6 July 1979

H. Francois, N. Kurtz, J. P. Massue (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2013 | 1. Auflage
1116 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4831-8936-9 (ISBN)

Infos

Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors is a collection of papers that covers various aspects of solid state nuclear track detectors. The book presents 130 articles that cover the concerns in the mechanisms, operations, and applications of solid state nuclear track detectors. The materials in the text are thematically grouped into three parts. The book first discusses the fundamental mechanisms, which include determination of the screening parameter from measurements of differential energy loss and atomic displacement effects from heavy ion induced coulomb explosion. Next, the selection presents articles that deal with the methodology of detectors, such as experimental track widths of low energy heavy ions in nuclear emulsion and structure of light nuclei tracks. The remaining papers cover the fields of applications, such as nuclear fusion; prospection of radioactive and fissionable minerals; dosimetry; and autoradiography. The book will be of great use to researchers and practitioners of disciplines related to nuclear science.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors 6
Copyright Page 7
Table of Contents 8
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 22
OPENING SESSION 30
Session 1: Fundamental Mechanisms 40
CHAPTER 1. DETERMINATION OF THE SCREENING PARAMETER FROM MEASUREMENTS OF DIFFERENTIAL 
42 
ABSTRACT 42
INTRODUCTION 42
EXPERIMENTAL 48
REFERENCES 52
CHAPTER 2. SOLID KRYPTON EMISSION CHAMBER 58
ABSTRACT 58
KEYWORDS 58
INTRODUCTION 58
REFERENCES 62
CHAPTER 3. CORRELATION OF REGISTRATION THRESHOLD WITH CRYSTALLINIT 
64 
ABSTRACT 64
KEYWORDS 64
INTRODUCTION 64
INFLUENCE OF THE NATURE OF THE ETCHANT 65
INFLUENCE OF STORAGE TIME BETWEEN IRRADIATION AND 
68 
CONCLUSION 69
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 69
REFERENCES 69
CHAPTER 4. RADICALS IN TEFLON FOLLOWING HEAVY ION OR ENERGETIC ELECTRON BOMBARDMENT. CORRELATION WITH 
70 
ABSTRACT 70
KEYWORDS 70
INTRODUCTION 70
EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS 71
RESULTS 72
ATTEMPTED DEVELOPMENT OF TRACKS IN TEFLON 73
CONCLUSIONS 74
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 74
REFERENCES 75
CHAPTER 5. PROPERTIES AND TECHNOLOGY OF MONOCRYSTALLINE AgCl-DETECTORS 1. ASPECTS OF SOLID STATE 
76 
ABSTRACT 76
KEYWORDS 76
INTRODUCTION 76
1 . PROPERTIES OF AgCl-DETECTOR CRYSTALS 77
2. RESPONSE OF THE AgCl-DETECTOR TO FAST MOVING HEAVY CHARGED PARTICLES 81
3. IMPROVEMENT OF TRACK QUALITY BY PLASTIC DEFORMATION 82
REFERENCES 85
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 85
CHAPTER 6. SUPRALINEARITY AND LET DISCRIMINATION IN RADIATION 
86 
ABSTRACT 86
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 89
CHAPTER 7. CONNAISSANCES ACTUELLES SUR LES ACETATES DE CELLULOSE EN TANT QUE DETECTEURS SOLIDES 
96 
ABSTRACT 96
KEYWORDS 96
ASPECT TRACES INDIVIDUELLES 96
EFFETS DE NON LINEARITE 101
REMERCIEMENTS 103
REFERENCES 103
CHAPTER 8. E.S.R. STUDIES IN ELECTRON BEAM 
104 
ABSTRACT 104
KEYWORDS 104
INTRODUCTION 104
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 105
INTERPRETATION OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 107
POSSIBLE CORRELATIONS WITH S.S.N.T.D 107
CONCLUSIONS 109
REFERENCES 109
CHAPTER 9. ATOMIC DISPLACEMENT EFFECTS FROM HEAVY ION INDUCED 
110 
ABSTRACT 110
KEYWORDS 110
INTRODUCTION 110
EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE OF COULOMB EXPLOSION 110
ATOMIC DISPLACEMENT VIA COULOMB EXPLOSION 113
CONCLUSIONS 115
REFERENCES 115
Session 2: Methodology of Detectors 116
Session 2.1: Emulsions and ClAg Crystals 118
CHAPTER 9. DETERMINATION OF Z> 6 PARTICLES FLUX IN EMULSION LAYERS UNDER THE ACTION OF PULSED ELECTRIC
120 
KEYWORDS 120
REFERENCES 122
CHAPTER 10. EXPERIMENTAL TRACK WIDTHS OF LOW ENERGY HEAVY IONS IN 
124 
1. INTRODUCTION 124
2 . THE TRACK WIDTH MEASUREMENTS 125
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 125
REFERENCES 128
CHAPTER 11. TRACKS OF ARGON IONS IN ILFORD 
130 
ABSTRACT 130
KEYWORDS 130
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 132
CHAPTER 12. TRACK MEASUREMENTS VS. TRACK 
140 
ABSTRACT 140
KEYWORDS 140
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 143
REFERENCES 143
CHAPTER 13. STRUCTURE OF LIGHT NUCLEI 
146 
ABSTRACT 146
INTRODUCTION 146
PRELIMINARY RESULTS 147
STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRACK STRUCTURE 151
BIBLIOGRAPHIE 154
CHAPTER 14. CRYOGEN-SENSITIVE NUCLEAR EMULSIONS FOR NEUTRINO 
156 
ABSTRACT 156
KEY WORDS 156
REFERENCES 159
CHAPTER 15. THEORY OF SPATIAL CALCULATION OF PRIMARY ACTION OF d-ELECTRONS IN TRACK DETECTORS WITH ACCOUNT OF MULTIPLE 
160 
ABSTRACT 160
KEYWORDS 160
REFERENCES 170
CHAPTER 16. TRACK FORMATION IN NUCLEAR 
172 
ABSTRACT 172
KEYWORDS 172
INTRODUCTION 172
THE PHOTOMETERS 172
THE COMPARISONS 173
CONCLUSION 174
REFERENCES 175
CHAPTER 17. PROPERTIES AND TECHNOLOGY OF AgCl-DETECTORS 2. EXPERIMENTS AND TECHNOLOGICAL 
176 
ABSTRACT 176
KEYWORDS 176
INTRODUCTION 176
1 . GROWTH OF LARGE, MONOCRYSTALLINE AgCl-(Cd)-DETECTOR 
177 
2. THERMAL-TREATMENT PROGRAM 179
3. EFFECT OF PLASTIC DEFORMATION ON DETECTOR PROPERTIES 180
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 184
REFERENCES 184
Session 2.2: Glasses and Minerals 186
CHAPTER 18. INVESTIGATION OF THE ANNEALING BEHAVIOUR OF FISSION TRACK DAMAGE IN APATITE BY 
188 
ABSTRACT 188
KEYWORDS 188
INTRODUCTION 188
EXPERIMENTAL 189
RESULTS 189
CONCLUSIONS 191
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 192
REFERENCES 192
CHAPTER 19. DEVELOPMENT OF A BETTER ETCHANT FOR SODA GLASS NUCLEAR 
194 
ABSTRACT 194
INTRODUCTION 194
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 195
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 196
CONCLUSIONS 199
REFERENCES 199
CHAPTER 20. THERMAL ANNEALING STUDIES IN 
206 
ABSTRACT 206
INTRODUCTION 207
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 207
DISCUSSION AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 208
CONCLUSIONS 211
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 212
REFERENCES 212
CHAPTER 21. LATENT TRACK ANNEALING IN GLASS: A COMPARISON OF THERMAL 
220 
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES 222
RESULTS 224
CHAPTER 22. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON FISSION FRAGMENT TRACKS IN SODA 
228 
ABSTRACT 228
INTRODUCTION 229
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 230
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 231
CONCLUSION 235
REFERENCES 236
CHAPTER 23. THE DETERMINATION OF FISSION FRAGMENT ENERGY DEPOSITION BY 
240 
ABSTRACT 240
KEYWORDS 240
INTRODUCTION 240
EXPERIMENTAL 241
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 242
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 244
REFERENCES 244
Session 2.3: Polymers 250
CHAPTER 24. A PRECISION ETCHING BATH FOR 
252 
ABSTRACT 252
1. Introduction 252
2. Etching Bath Design 253
3. Temperature Monitor 254
4. Operation and testing 257
REFERENCES 258
CHAPTER 25. EMPERATURE AND STORAGE DEPENDENCE OF REGISTRATION PROPERTIES OF CELLULOSE 
262 
ABSTRACT 262
KEYWORDS 262
INTRODUCTION 262
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 262
TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE INFLUENCE DURING THE EXPOSURE 263
STORAGE INFLUENCE ON THE ETCHING PROPERTIES 263
SUMMARY 265
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 266
REFERENCES 266
CHAPTER 26. TRACK RECORDING PROPERTIES OF THE PLASTIC CR-39 FOR NON-RELATIVISTIC IONS IN THE CHARGE RANGE 
268 
ABSTRACT 268
KEYWORDS 268
INTRODUCTION 268
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 269
RESULTS 270
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 273
REFERENCES 273
CHAPTER 27. EFFECT OF ETCHANT NORMALITY ON THE RESPONSE OF CA80-15 CELLULOSE NITRATE TO 
274 
ABSTRACT 274
KEYWORDS 274
INTRODUCTION 274
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 275
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 275
REFERENCES 279
CHAPTER 28. THERMAL FADING OF LATENT TRACKS OF IRON NUCLEI IN LEXAN 
280 
ABSTRACT 280
KEYWORDS 280
INTRODUCTION 280
DETECTOR SET-UP AND PROCESSING CONDITIONS 281
CHARGE- AND MASS-SCALE CONSTRUCTION 282
CHARGE- AND MASS-RESOLUTION 282
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 283
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 285
REFERENCES 285
CHAPTER 29. ETCH-PIT FORMATION IN THIN FOILS AND A CONDUCTOMETRIC 
286 
KEYWORDS 286
INTRODUCTION 286
ETCH-HOLE FORMATION 287
CONDUCTANCE MEASUREMENTS THROUGH HOLES 291
REFERENCES 295
CHAPTER 30. NON-ETCHING TRACK VISUALIZATION: 
296 
ABSTRACT 296
KEYWORDS 296
INTRODUCTION 296
ON THE DYED-TRACK METHOD 297
RECENT EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 298
REFERENCES 304
CHAPTER 31. STUDY OF TRACK ULTRASTRUCTURE FOR HIGH LET PARTICLES UNDER VARYING 
306 
ABSTRACT 306
KEYWORDS 306
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 306
RESULTS 307
CONCLUSIONS 309
REFERENCES 310
CHAPTER 32. A STUDY OF THE REGISTRATION PROPERTIES OF POLYETHYLENE-TEREPHTHALATE 312
ABSTRACT 312
KEYWORDS 312
INTRODUCTION 312
EXPERIMENTAL 312
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 313
REFERENCES 318
CHAPTER 33. ETCHING MECHANISM AND BEHAVIOUR OF POLYCARBONATES IN HYDROXIDE SOLUTION: 
320 
ABSTRACT 320
INTRODUCTION 321
ETCHING REACTION OF CR-39 AND LEXAN 321
KINETIC MODEL FOR THE ETCHING OF POLYCARBONATES 325
REFERENCES 329
CHAPTER 34. A STUDY OF THE CRITICAL DIP ANGLE FOR TRACK REGISTRATION 
332 
ABSTRACT 332
I. INTRODUCTION 332
II. METHODS 333
III. DISCUSSION 335
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 335
CHAPTER 35. NON-ETCHING TRACK VISUALISATION: DEVELOPMENTS OF 
340 
ABSTRACT 340
KEYWORDS 340
INTRODUCTION 340
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 340
CONCLUSION 342
REFERENCES 343
CHAPTER 36. ETCH INDUCTION TIME IN SOLID 
344 
ABSTRACT 344
KEYWORDS 344
INTRODUCTION 344
EXPERIMENTAL 345
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 346
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 348
REFERENCES 348
Session 2.4: Electrochemical Etching 350
CHAPTER 37. SOME CHEMICAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL 
352 
ABSTRACT 352
KEYWORDS 352
INTRODUCTION 352
BULK ETCHING 352
ALPHA-PARTICLE AND PROTON REGISTRATION 354
ELECTROCHEMICAL ETCHING 354
REFERENCES 356
CHAPTER 38. ELECTROCHEMICAL ETCHING OF ALPHA PARTICLES IN POLYCARBONATES AND 
358 
ABSTRACT 358
KEYWORDS 358
INTRODUCTION 358
ALPHA ENERGY DISCRIMINATION BY LAYER REMOVAL TECHNIQUE 360
APPLICATION IN RADON/DAUGHTER MONITORING 362
REFERENCES 364
CHAPTER 39. UN DISPOSITIF DE COMPTAGE A DECHARGES DISRUPTIVES PERMETTANT D'ATTENUER LES DECHARGES DISRUPTIVES 
366 
ABSTRACT 366
KEYWORDS 366
INTRODUCTION 367
DISPOSITIF DE COMPTAGE 371
APPLICATIONS 384
CONCLUSION 389
BIBLIOGRAPHIE 390
CHAPTER 40. ENHANCEMENT OF TRACK-ETCH IMAGE BY THE SPARKING 
392 
ABSTRACT 392
KEYWORDS 392
INTRODUCTION 392
EXPERIMENTAL 393
RESULTS 394
CONCLUSIONS 397
REFERENCES 397
CHAPTER 41. A PROPOSAL FOR SPARK COUNTING 
400 
KEYWORDS 400
INTRODUCTION 400
PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD 400
TRACK DENSITY AND SIZE MEASUREMENT BY SPARK 
403 
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 404
CONCLUSION 407
REFERENCES 409
CHAPTER 42. ON BACKGROUND AND RECOIL TRACKS IN LECTROCHEMICALLY 
410 
ABSTRACT 410
INTRODUCTION 410
EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS 411
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 411
CONCLUSION 415
REFERENCES 416
CHAPTER 43. A WIDE ENERGY RANGE NEUTRON DOSIMETER USING ELECTROCHEMICA 
418 
Abstract 418
1. Introduction 419
2. The ECE Albedo Neutron Dosimeter 419
3. Etching Conditions 420
4. Dosimetric Characteristics 424
Acknowledgments 430
References 430
CHAPTER 44. ELECTROCHEMICALLY ETCHED CELLULOSE NITRATE FILMS AS FAST 
432 
Abstract 432
1. Introduction 432
2. Apparatus and methods 433
3. Experiments 434
4. Results and discussion 436
5. Summary 437
References 438
CHAPTER 45.ELECTROCHEMICAL ETCHING-I 
442 
INTRODUCTION 442
I. TRACK OH PIT FORMATION 443
II. TREE FORMATION 445
CONCLUSIONS 447
REFERENCES 448
CHAPTER 46. ELECTROCHEMICAL ETCHING-II METHODS, APPARATUS, 
454 
INTRODUCTION 454
I. METHODS AND APPARATUS 454
II. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS WITH CR-39 456
CONCLUSIONS 458
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 459
REFERENCES 459
Session 2.5: Proton Recording Polymers 464
CHAPTER 47. THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE-TIME CYCLES IN THE POLYMERISATION OF CR-39 ON THE UNIFORMITY OF 
466 
ABSTRACT 466
KEYWORDS 466
INTRODUCTION 466
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 467
EXAMPLES OF RESULTS 468
CONCLUSION 470
REFERENCES 470
CHAPTER 48. ETCHING PROPERTIES OF THE CR-39 POLYMERIC NUCLEAR TRACK 
472 
ABSTRACT 472
KEYWORDS 472
INTRODUCTION 472
EFFECT OF ETCHANT PARAMETERS 473
RESPONSE 
474 
DESENSITIZATION AND PERIODICAL TRACK REVELATION 478
CONCLUSION 481
REFERENCES 481
CHAPTER 49. DEVELOPMENT STUDIES OF CR-39 
482 
ABSTRACT 482
KEYWORDS 482
INTRODUCTION 482
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 483
RESULTS 483
CURRENT WORK 485
CONCLUDING REMARKS 486
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 486
REFERENCES 486
CHAPTER 50. PROTON AND ALPHA PARTICLE RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS OF CR-39 POLYMER FOR REACTOR AND 
488 
ABSTRACT 488
INTRODUCTION 488
DISCUSSION 491
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 492
CHAPTER 51. PROTON RECORDING NEUTRON DOSIMETER FOR PERSONNEL 
498 
ABSTRACT 498
I. INTRODUCTION 498
II. DISCUSSION 502
REFERENCES 504
Session 2.6: Detectors Measurement 506
CHAPTER 52. SEMIAUTOMATIC TRACK SCANNING IN SOLID STATE NUCLEAR TRACK 
508 
ABSTRACT 508
KEYWORDS 508
INTRODUCTION 508
EXPERIMENTAL 508
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 509
REFERENCES 511
CHAPTER 53. QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF 
512 
INTRODUCTION 512
EXPERIMENT 513
CONCLUSION 519
CHAPTER 54. HOLE COUNTING IN TRACK ETCH 
526 
ABSTRACT 526
KEYWORDS 526
INTRODUCTION 526
METHOD 526
OPTIMIZATION 528
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 530
REFERENCES 530
CHAPTER 55. TRACK DENSITY MEASUREMENTS USING A VIDIMET-II A TYPE IMAGE 
532 
ABSTRACT 532
KEYWORDS 532
CONSTRUCTION OP THE IMAGE ANALYSER YIDIMET-II A 532
USEABILITY OP THE SYSTEM 533
CONCLUSION 536
CHAPTER 56. A METHOD OF AUTOMATED HZEPARTICLE Z-SPECTRAMEASUREMENT IN PLASTIC 
538 
ABSTRACT 538
INTRODUCTION 539
AUTOMATED HZE MEASUREMENT 539
DISCUSSION 543
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 543
REFERENCES 545
Session 3: Fields of Application 546
Session 3.1: Neutron Dosimetry 548
CHAPTER 57. DETECTION OF DELAYED NEUTRONSIN A NUCLEAR REACTOR USING THESOLID STATE TRACK ETCHTECHNIQUE! 550
ABSTRACT 550
KEYWORDS 550
INTRODUCTION 550
DELAYED NEUTRON MONITORING 551
EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENT 551
CONCLUSION 554
REFERENCES 554
CHAPTER 58. A PERSONAL NEUTRONMONITORING SYSTEM BASED ON SOLID STATE NUCLEAR TRACK 
556 
ABSTRACT 556
KEYWORDS 556
INTRODUCTION 556
EXPERIMENTAL 
557 
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 559
CONCLUSIONS 561
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 561
REFERENCES 561
CHAPTER 59. APPLICATIONS OF SOLID STATE 
562 
ABSTRACT 562
I. INTRODUCTION 562
II. FAST BREEDER REACTOR (FBR) APPLICATIONS 563
III. LIGHT WATER REACTOR (LWR) APPLICATIONS 567
IV. MAGNETIC FUSION ENERGY REACTOR (MFER) APPLICATIONS 570
REFERENCES 573
CHAPTER 60. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR TRACK 
578 
ABSTRACT 578
KEY WORDS 578
INTRODUCTION 578
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS 578
EXPERIMENTS 579
RESULTS 579
REFERENCES 580
CHAPTER 61. COMPARISON OF VARIOUS TYPES OF 
588 
Abstract 588
1. Introduction 588
2. Experimental 588
3. Results and Discussion 589
REFERENCES 593
CHAPTER 62. THE GAMMA DOSE MEASUREMENTS IN THE SPENT FUEL ELEMENTS OF A 
602 
ABSTRACT 602
KEYWORDS 602
INTRODUCTION 602
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 603
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 603
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 608
REFERENCES 608
CHAPTER 63. COMPARISON OF THE NEUTRON 
610 
ABSTRACT 610
METHOD 610
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 611
CONCLUSION 613
REFERENCES 613
CHAPTER 64. NEUTRON DOSIMETRY WITH A PROTON SENSITIVE CELLULOSE 
614 
ABSTRACT 614
KEYWORDS 614
INTRODUCTION 614
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 615
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 615
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 618
REFERENCES 618
CHAPTER 65. HIGH NEUTRON FLUENCE MEASUREMENT USING SIMULTANEOUSLY THE MICA MUSCOVITE BOTH AS TRACK DETECTOR AND AS MATERIAL WITH 
620 
ABSTRACT 620
KEYWORDS 620
INTRODUCTION 620
MICA MUSCOVITE - TRACK DETECTOR 621
MICA MUSCOVITE - MATERIAL WITH LOW URANIUM CONTENT 621
NEUTRON FLUENCE MEASUREMENT 621
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 624
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 625
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 625
REFERENCES 625
Session 3.2: Alpha Dosimetry 626
CHAPTER 66. TRACK ETCH DETECTORS FOR RADON MEASUREMENTS INSIDE 
628 
ABSTRACT 628
KEYWORDS 628
INTRODUCTION 628
THE AIR SAMPLER 629
ELECTROCHEMICAL ETCHING 631
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 632
REFERENCES 632
CHAPTER 67. ENREGISTREMENT DES RAYONNEMENTS ALPHA DANS LE DOSIMETRE INDIVIDUEL ET LE DOSIMETRE DE SITE DU COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE 
638 
ABSTRACT 638
KEYWORDS 638
INTRODUCTION 638
PRINCIPE DE FONCTIONNEMENT DE LA TETE DU DOSIMETRE ALPHA ET DU 
639 
CONDITIONS D'ENREGISTREMENT 
640 
INFLUENCE DE L'ENERGIE INCIDENTE DES PARTICULES ALPHA SUR LA 
643 
DETERMINATION DE L'ENERGIE POTENTIELLE ALPHA DUE AUX DESCENDANTS A VIE 
643 
CONCLUSION 644
REFERENCES 644
CHAPTER 68. SIX MOIS D'EXPERIENCE EN DOSIMETRIE INDIVIDUELLE DES DESCENDANTS DU RADON DANS UNE 
646 
RESUME 646
MOTS CLES 646
FIABILITE 647
DOSIMETRIES 647
INTERPRETATION 648
CONCLUSION 650
REFERENCES 650
CHAPTER 69. SOME LATEST DEVELOPMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF ALPHA SENSITIVE PLASTIC FILMS FOR 
652 
ABSTRACT 652
KEYWORDS 652
INTRODUCTION 652
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 653
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 654
CONCLUSIONS 659
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 660
REFERENCES 660
CHAPTER 70. ETUDE EXPERIMENTALE DU COMPORTEMENT D'UN DOSIMETRE a VIS A VIS DE CERTAINS TYPES 
662 
RESUME 662
MOTS CLEFS 662
I-INTRODUCTION 662
II-RESULTATS EXPERIMENTAUX 664
III-CONCLUSION 665
REFERENCES 666
CHAPTER 71. CRITICAL VIEW ON SOLID STATE NUCLEAR TRACK DETECTOR APPLICATION 
668 
ABSTRACT 668
KEYMORDS 668
INTRODUCTION 668
NEUTRON DOSIMETRY 669
CONCLUSIONS 673
REFERENCES 673
Session 3.3: Alpha Autoradiography 676
CHAPTER 72. THE MICRODISTRIBUTION OF a ACTIVE NUCLEI IN BRONCHIAL TISSUE BY AUTORADIOGRAPHY 
678 
ABSTRACT 678
KEYWORDS 678
INTRODUCTION 678
Discussion 683
References 683
CHAPTER 73. THE RESOLVING POWER OF AUTORADIOGRAPHY WITH SOLID 
684 
ABSTRACT 684
KEYWORDS 684
INTRODUCTION 684
MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION 685
SPATIAL RESOLUTION 687
INFLUENCE OF TRACK DENSITY ON DETAIL DISCRERNMENT 687
CONCLUSION 693
REFERENCES 694
CHAPTER 74. LEAKAGE TESTING OF MEDICAL 
696 
ABSTRACT 696
INTRODUCTION 696
METHOD 697
CONCLUSION 701
REFERENCES 701
CHAPTER 75. ALPHARADIOAUTOHISTOGRAPHY 
702 
ABSTRACT 702
KEYWORDS 702
INTRODUCTION 702
MATERIAL AND METHODS 703
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 704
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 706
REFERENCES 706
Session 3.4: Neutron Autoradiography 708
CHAPTER 76. BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF NEUTRON-INDUCED AUTORADIOGRAPHY OF PLUTONIUM-239 AND 
710 
ABSTRACT 710
KEYWORDS 710
INTRODUCTION 710
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 711
DISCUSSION 715
REFERENCES 716
CHAPTER 77. HEAVY CHARGED PARTICLE AUTORADIOGRAPHY USING KODAK MAXIMUM RESOLUTION 
718 
ABSTRACT 718
KEYWORDS 718
INTRODUCTION 718
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE 719
CONCLUSION 722
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 722
REFERENCES 722
CHAPTER 78. TWO TECHNIQUES USING MAKROFOL ® KG FOR MEASUREMENT OF 
724 
ABSTRACT 724
KEYWORDS 724
INTRODUCTION 724
PROCEDURES 724
CONCLUSION 728
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 728
REFERENCES 729
CHAPTER 79. URANIUM TRACE ANALYSIS OF SOME MATERIALS USING SOLID STATE 
730 
ABSTRACT 730
KEYWORDS 730
INTRODUCTION 730
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 731
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 733
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 738
REFERENCES 742
Session 3.5: Charged Particle 
746 
CHAPTER 80. DENSITY MAPPING OF MICROOBJECTS 
 
 
748 
ABSTRACT 748
KEY WORDS 748
INTRODUCTION 748
METHOD 749
RESULTS 749
CONCLUSIONS 750
REFERENCES 750
CHAPTER 81. CHARGED - PARTICLE RADIOGRAPHY 754
ABSTRACT 754
Introduction 754
Computerized Tomography 759
REFERENCES 760
CHAPTER 82. CELLULOSE NITRATE FOILS FOR QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVEMEASUREMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL 
762 
ABSTRACT 762
KEYWORDS 762
INTRODUCTION 762
EXPERIMENTAL APPLICATION 762
TRACK ANALYSIS AND THE PROBABILITY OF PROTON DETECTION 764
VAVILOV DISTRIBUTION AND DEPTH-DOSE CURVE 766
CONCLUSION 767
REFERENCES 767
CHAPTER 83. CHARGED PARTICLE TRACKS AS A MEANS TO MEASURE SPUTTER YIELD ANGULAR DISTRIBUTIONS IN 
768 
ABSTRACT 768
KEYWORDS 768
PRINCIPLE 768
EXPERIMENTAL 769
ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION OF SPUTTER YIELDS 771
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 772
REFERENCES 772
Session 3.6: Nuclear Fusion 774
CHAPTER 84. DIAGNOSIS OF HIGH-DENSITY IMPLOSIONS OF LASER FUSION TARGETS USING HIGH-SENSITIVITY NUCLEAR TRACK 
776 
ABSTRACT 776
INTRODUCTION 776
CURRENT STUDIES 778
CONCLUSIONS 783
REFERENCES 783
CHAPTER 85. IMAGING THERMONUCLEAR BURN USING SOLID STATE TRACK 
784 
INTRODUCTION 784
Imaging Thermonculear Burn: 785
References 788
Session 3.7: Prospection of Radioactiveand Fissionable Minerals 792
CHAPTER 86. QUELQUES EXEMPLES D'APLICATION DES DETECTEURS SOLIDES DE PARTICULES ATOMIQUES 
794 
ABSTRACT 794
KEYWORDS 794
INTRODUCTION 794
AUTORADIOGRAPHIE 
794 
ENREGISTREMENT DES PRODUITS DE FISSIONS PROVOQUEES 795
CONCLUSION 796
BIBLIOGRAPHIE 796
LEGENDE DES FIGURES (planche hors texte) 796
CHAPTER 87. UTILISATIONS COMPAREES DES EMULSIONS PHOTOGRAPHIQUES NUCLEAIRES ET DES FILMS DE NITRATE DE CELLULOSE DANS L'ETUDE DES RAYONS 
800 
LOCALISATION DES INCLUSIONS 800
DETERMINATION DES TENEURS 801
PRESENCE DE THORIUM 803
TECHNIQUE ET COUT 804
CONCLUSIONS 804
CHAPTER 88. ALPHA DETECTION BY SSNTD's 806
ABSTRACT 806
INTRODUCTION 806
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND RESULTS 806
RESULTS 807
CONCLUSIONS 807
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 807
REFERENCES 807
CHAPTER 89. ON THE USE OF CELLULOSE NITRATE 
814 
Abstract 814
Introduction 814
The Alpha Track Method 815
Field Experience 817
Alpha Tracks in Cellulose Nitrate Film 819
The Effect of Water Moisture 820
Sub-surface Radon Migration 822
Discussion 823
References 825
CHAPTER 90. FISSION TRACK RADIOGRAPHY OF 
830 
ABSTRACT 830
KEYWORDS 830
INTRODUCTION 830
REFERENCES 832
CHAPTER 91. FISSION TRACK ANNEALING OF 
834 
ABSTRACT 834
KEYWORDS 834
INTRODUCTION 834
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 835
REFERENCES 837
CHAPTER 92. ON THE NECESSITY TO STANDARDIZE THE SAMPLE PREPARATION IN FISSIONABLE ELEMENT CONTENT MEASUREMENT BY THE FISSION 
840 
ABSTRACT 840
KEYWORDS 840
INTRODUCTION 840
THE PROPOSED PROCEDURE FOR THE SAMPLE PREPARATION 842
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 843
REFERENCES 843
CHAPTER 93. ON THE FISSIONABLE ELEMENT INFILTRATION AND RETENTION IN 
844 
ABSTRACT 844
KEYWORDS 844
INTRODUCTION 844
EXPERIMENT 845
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 846
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 847
REFERENCES 847
Session 3.8: Porosity and Microfilters 848
CHAPTER 94. AREAL DISPERSIONS OF ETCHED NUCLEAR TRACKS AND THEIR 
850 
ABSTRACT 850
KEYWORDS 850
INTRODUCTION 850
PRINCIPAL POSSIBILITIES 850
LIMITATIONS FOR FILTRATION PROCESSES 851
CONCLUSIONS 852
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 852
REFERENCES 853
CHAPTER 95. SOME PROPERTIES OF NUCLEAR TRACK MICROFILTERS IN 
856 
ABSTRACT 856
KEYWORDS 856
INTRODUCTION 856
EXPERIMENTAL 857
FIRST-ORDER CALCULATIONS OF THE GAS FLOW V 860
DISCUSSION 864
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 864
REFERENCES 865
Session 3.9: High and Low Energy Nuclear Reactions 868
CHAPTER 96. ISOTOPIC SEPARATION OF 3He AND 
870 
ABSTRACT 870
KEYWORDS 870
INTRODUCTION 870
DESCRIPTION OF THE METHOD AND IRRADIATION CONDITIONS 871
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 872
CONCLUSION 873
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 874
REFERENCES 874
FIGURE CAPTIONS 874
CHAPTER 97. DETECTION AND LIFETIME OFCHARMED PARTICLES BY A HYBRIDEMULSION - BUBBLE CHAMBER -COUNTER SET UP 878
CHAPTER 98. DETECTION OF REACTIONFRAGMENTS IN CELLULOSE NITRATEPRODUCED BY FAST NUCLEONS 880
ABSTRACT 880
KEYWORDS 880
INTRODUCTION 880
EXPERIMENTAL DATA AND ETCHING 880
SCANNING CRITERION AND MEASUREMENT 881
RESULTS 881
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 883
REFERENCES 883
CHAPTER 99. FRAGMENTATION OF HIGH ENERGY 
884 
ABSTRACT 884
KEYWORDS 884
INTRODUCTION 884
MATERIALS AND EXPERIMENTAL METHODS 885
METHOD OF THE CALCULATION 886
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 887
CONCLUSION 889
REFERENCES 889
CHAPTER 100. HEAVY ION INTERACTIONS AT 
890 
References 896
CHAPTER 101. PROCEDURE EXPERIMENTALE EN VUE DE LA DETERMINATION DES MOMENTS DES PARTICULES EMISES DANS LES INTERACTIONS PROTONNOYAU 
898 
ABSTRACT 898
INTRODUCTION 898
ACQUISITION ET 
899 
CONCLUSIONS 903
REFERENCES 903
CHAPTER 102. EXPERIMENTAL DEVICE TO MEASURE THE MOMENTS OF EMITTED PARTICLES IN HADRONNUCLEUS INTERACTIONS AT VERY HIGH ENERGIES (100 - 1000 GeV.)I. - PRELIMINARY TEST: EXPOSURE OF A DEVICE TO He4 
904 
ABSTRACT 904
INTRODUCTION 904
EXPERIMENTAL DEVICE AND MEASURING METHOD 905
THEORETIC ANALYSIS 906
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 908
CONCLUSIONS 909
REFERENCES 909
CHAPTER 103. APPLICATION OF A CELLULOSE NITRATE DETECTOR FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS STUDY OF 6Li(d,a)4He AND 
910 
ABSTRACT 910
INTRODUCTION 910
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 911
RESULTS 912
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 913
REFERENCES 913
CHAPTER 104. A CHARGED PARTICLE RANGE -SPECTROMETER USING SOLID STATE 
914 
ABSTRACT 914
KEYWORDS 914
INTRODUCTION 914
THEORY AND METHOD 915
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 916
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 916
REFERENCES 917
CHAPTER 105. SIGMA HYPERON EMISSION IN 1.5 GeV/c K- MESON INTERACTION IN LIGHT EMULSION 
918 
ABSTRACT 918
KEYWORDS 918
INTRODUCTION 918
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 919
CALCULATION OF.+ 
919 
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 920
REFERENCES 924
Session 3.10: Fission and Very Heavy Ions Reactions 926
CHAPTER 106. THE INTERACTION OF 300 MeV ArIONS WITH URANIUM STUDIED BYTHE USE OF A PLASTIC TRACKDETECTOR 928
ABSTRACT 928
KEYWORDS 928
INTRODUCTION 928
EXPERIMENT 929
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 929
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 933
REFERENCE 933
CHAPTER 107. A NEW APPROACH TO MEASURE REACTION PARAMETERS IN THE 14.8 MeV NEUTRON INDUCED FISSION OF 
934 
ABSTRACT 934
KEY WORDS 934
INTRODUCTION 934
METHOD AND EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 935
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 937
CONCLUSIONS 941
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 942
REFERENCES 942
CHAPTER 108. MULTIPRONG FISSION EVENTS 
944 
ABSTRACT 944
KEYWORDS 944
INTRODUCTION 944
EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENTS 945
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 945
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 948
REFERENCES 948
CHAPTER 109. MESURE DES DISTRIBUTIONS ANGULAIRES DES FRAGMENTS DE FISSION AU MOYEN DE DETECTEURS PLASTIQUES 
950 
ABSTRACT 950
KEYWORDS 950
INTRODUCTION 950
CONDITIONS EXPERIMENTALES 950
DISPOSITIF EXPERIMENTAL 951
TRAITEMENT 
952 
OBTENTION DES DISTRIBUTIONS ANGULAIRES EXPERIMENT ALES 954
APPLICATION DE LA METHODE 955
BIBLIOGRAPHIE 955
CHAPTER 110. ETUDE A L'AIDE DU MAKROFOL DES INTERACTIONS U SUR U ET Pb A DES 
956 
ABSTRACT 956
INTRODUCTION 956
CONDITIONS DE DEVELOPPEMENT 956
DIFFUSION ELASTIQUE 957
SECTIONS EFFICACES 958
ANALYSE DES EVENEMENTS 959
REMERCIEMENTS 961
BIBLIOGRAPHIE 961
CHAPTER 111. COINCIDENCE MEASUREMENTS OF HEAVY ION REACTION PRODUCTSVIA SOLID STATE NUCLEAR TRACK 
962 
ABSTRACT 962
KEYWORDS 962
REFERENCES 967
CHAPTER 112. THE USE OF DIELECTRIC DETECTORS IN SEARCH AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE TRACKS OF FRAGMENTS FROM THE SPONTANEOUS FISSION OF 
968 
1. INTRODUCTION 968
2. EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE 969
3. SEARCH E0R THREE-PRONG EVENTS 970
4 . SELECTIVE ANNEALING OF FOSSIL TRACKS 972
5. CONCLUSION 975
References 976
CHAPTER 113. AN ATTEMPT OF FINDING THE RANGE DISTRIBUTION AMONG FISSION FRAGMENTS FROM CALIFORNIUM-252 s.f. USING SOLID 
978 
ABSTRACT 978
KEYWORDS 978
INTRODUCTION 978
THEORY AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 979
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 982
REFERENCES 983
Session 3.11: Dating 984
CHAPTER 114. THE INTERPRETATION OF FISSION TRACK ANNEALING BEHAVIOUR IN 
986 
ABSTRACT 986
KEYWORDS 986
INTRODUCTION 986
REFERENCES 988
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 988
CHAPTER 115. FISSION TRACK GEOCHRONOLOGY OF THE HERCYNIAN PLATFORM IN 
990 
ABSTRACT 990
KEYWORDS 990
INTRODUCTION 990
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 990
RESULTS 991
COMMENTS AND CONCLUSION 991
REFERENCES 993
CHAPTER 116. FISSION TRACK PLATEAU-AGE 
994 
ABSTRACT 994
KEYWORDS 994
INTRODUCTION 994
PARTIAL FISSION TRACK ANNEALING AND FT AGE CORRECTION PROCEDURES 995
ISOCHRONAL PLATEAU DATING 996
CONCLUSIONS 998
REFERENCES 999
CHAPTER CHAPTER 117. FISSION-TRACK STUDIES IN 
1002 
INTRODUCTION 1002
URANIUM MAPPING OF KIMBERLITES 1002
THORIUM MICROMAPPING BY THE ETCH-ANNEAL-ETCH METHOD 1004
DISCUSSION 1005
REFERENCES 1007
CHAPTER CHAPTER 118. APPLICATIONS OF SOLID STATE NUCLEAR TRACK DETECTORS FOR THE STUDY OF COOLING AND UPLIFT 
1008 
INTRODUCTION 1008
REFERENCES 1010
Session 3.12: Meteorites 1018
CHAPTER 119. FISSION-TRACK RECORD OF METEORITES: SOME RECENT 
1020 
ABSTRACT 1020
KEYWORDS 1020
INTRODUCTION 1020
THE238U AND 244Pu 
1020 
THE COOLING-DOWN HISTORY OF METEORITES 1021
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS 1022
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1022
CONCLUSIONS 1024
REFERENCES 1024
CHAPTER 120. A TECHNIQUE FOR PARTIAL ANNEALING OF TRACKS IN OLIVINE TO DETERMINE THE RELATIVE ABUNDANCES OF GALACTIC COSMIC 
50 1026
ABSTRACT 1026
1. INTRODUCTION 1026
2. THE THERMAL STABILITY OF TRACKSIN OLIVINE 1027
4. DISCUSSION 1029
2. VOLUME TRACKS OF ULTRAHEAVY NUCLEI IN OLIVINE 1030
REFERENCES 1031
CHAPTER 120. ETCH RATES OF HEAVY ION TRACKSIN MINERALS 1032
ABSTRACT 1032
INTRODUCTION 1032
PARTICLE IDENTIFICATION FROM ETCH RATES IN MINERALS 1032
POINTS OF INTEREST 1034
ANNEALING STUDIES OF HEAVY ION TRACKS 1036
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1037
REFERENCES 1037
Session 3.13: Cosmic Rays and RelativisticIons 1038
CHAPTER 121. THE "HEAVY IONS IN SPACE"EXPERIMENT 1040
ABSTRACT 1040
1. Introduction 1040
2* Design 1040
3. The Anomalous Component 1041
4. Trans-iron Cosmic-Rays 1043
5. Low-Energy Particles of Magnetospheric Origin 1044
REFERENCES 1045
CHAPTER 122. AN EXPERIMENT FOR MEASURINGHEAVY COSMIC RAY SPECTRA 1050
ABSTRACT 1050
KEYWORDS 1050
INTRODUCTION 1050
PAYLOAD AND BALLOON FLIGHT 1051
NUCLEAR INTERACTIONS 1051
PROCESSING OF THE STACK AND PROCEDURE FOR CHARGE DETERMINATION 1053
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1054
REFERENCES 1054
CHAPTER 123. TIME RESOLVING PLASTICDETECTOR TECHNIQUE FOR THEMEASUREMENT OF HEAVY COSMICRAY ISOTOPES 1056
ABSTRACT 1056
KEYWORDS 1056
INTRODUCTION 1056
CONCEPT OF EXPERIMENT 1057
EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP 1057
STATUS OF ANALYSIS AND OUTLOOK 1059
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1061
REFERENCES 1061
CHAPTER 124. A SOLID STATE TRACK DETECTORARRAY FOR THE STUDY OF ULTRAHEAVY COSMIC RAY NUCLEI INEARTH ORBIT 1062
ABSTRACT 1062
KEYWORDS 1062
INTRODUCTION 1062
LONG DURATION EXPOSURE FACILITY (LDEF) 1063
EXPERIMENT DESCRIPTION 1063
EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH 1065
SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND 1066
CONCLUDING REMARKS 1067
REFERENCES 1067
CHAPTER 125. A CHARGE AND MASSDISCRIMINATION METHOD INLEXAN POLYCARBONATE 1070
ABSTRACT 1070
KEYWORDS 1070
INTRODUCTION 1070
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 1070
THE RELATION V T= f(J) 1071
CHARGE AND MASS DISCRIMINATION 1071
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 1073
APPLICATION TO COSMIC IONS 1073
FINAL REMARKS 1074
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1075
REFERENCES 1075
CHAPTER 126. UTILISATION DES EMULSIONS DANSDES EXPERIENCES DE DOSIMETRIE ETDE REPERAGE DIONS LOURDS LORSDE VOLS DE SPACELAB (NASA) 1981 1076
CARACTERISTIQUES 1076
RAPPEL DES EXPERIENCES APOLLO 16, 17 et ASTP 1076
CONCLUSION 1080
BIBLIOGRAPHIE 1080
CHAPTER 127. RESPONSE OF BACILLUS SUBTILISSPORES TO HEAVY ION IRRADIATIONUSING CELLULOSE NITRATEDETECTORS 1084
ABSTRACT 1084
INTRODUCTION 1084
METHODS 1085
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1086
CONCLUSIONS 1087
REFERENCES 1088
CHAPTER 128. MEASUREMENTS OF COSMIC RAYIRON ISOTOPES IN AN EMULSIONPLASTICDETECTOR 1092
ABSTRACT 1092
KEYWORDS 1092
THE COMBINED EMULSION-PLASTIC DETECTOR 1092
SYSTEMATIC DETECTOR EFFECTS 1095
CORRECTIONS AND ISOTOPIC SPECTRUM 1097
DISCUSSION 1097
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1098
REFERENCES 1098
CHAPTER 129. REGISTRATION PROPERTIES OFPLASTIC DETECTORS FOR QUASIRELATIVISTICFe-IONS 1100
ABSTRACT 1100
INTRODUCTION 1100
ETCHING PROCEDURE AND MEASUREMENTS 1100
SURFACE- A N D NEIGHBOURHOOD EFFECTSNEIGHBOURHOOD EFFECT 1101
SURFACE EFFECT 1102
REGISTRATION THRESHOLDREGISTRATION THRESHOLD IN KODAK-CN 1102
REGISTRATION THRESHOLD IN DAICEL-CN 1104
DISCUSSION 1105
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1106
REFERENCES 1106
CHAPTER 130. SINGLE SHEET PARTICLEIDENTIFICATION IN CELLULOSENITRATE PLASTIC 1108
ABSTRACT 1108
KEYWORDS 1108
INTRODUCTION 1108
DETECTOR PRINCIPLE 1109
PILOT STUDY 1109
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 1111
DATA ANALYSIS 1111
CONCLUSION 1113
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1113
REFERENCES 1113
AUTHOR INDEX 1114
SUBJECT INDEX 1118

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 3.9.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Quantenphysik
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 1-4831-8936-8 / 1483189368
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4831-8936-9 / 9781483189369