Tissue Engineering and Regeneration in Dentistry (eBook)

Current Strategies

Rachel J. Waddington, Alastair J. Sloan (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2016
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-118-74104-7 (ISBN)

Infos

Tissue Engineering and Regeneration in Dentistry: Current Strategies presents a thorough update on the current advances, methods and understanding in tissue engineering in dentistry. It offers invaluable tools, case studies, and methodologies for undertaking research, including important biological and practical considerations to facilitate successful migration of research from the bench to the clinic.

• Offers detailed coverage of the basic underlying principles and scientific evidence, and includes protocols to highlight practical applications
• Written by an internationally renowned team of expert contributors
• A must-have read for researchers and specialist clinicians in tissue engineering, oral biology, dental materials science, periodontology and oral surgery

Rachel J. Waddington is Professor in Oral Biochemistry and current Associate Dean for Engagement and Enterprise at the School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, UK. Her research interests centre on the cellular and matrix biology of bone and dentine and applying this research to improved diagnosis, management, and treatment in clinical dentistry, with crossover to orthopaedic medicine. She has published more than 80 papers in peer-reviewed journals, and supervised over 20 PhD students. During her career Rachel has been awarded the Senior Colgate Prize (1990) and the Mineralised Tissue Group Travel Award (1996), both awarded by the British Society for Oral and Dental Research (BSODR), and a Royal Society overseas study award. She is an active member of the BSODR, currently sitting on the Management Committee as Chair of the Awards Committee.

Alastair J. Sloan is Professor in Bone Biology and Tissue Engineering and current Vice-Dean of Research and International at the School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, UK. His research focuses on the repair and regeneration of mineralized tissues and the behaviour and therapeutic use of dental pulp stem cells. His research has been widely published in peer-reviewed journals. Alastair currently sits on the Management Committee of the British Society for Oral and Dental Research (BSODR) and the Board of the Tissue and Cell Engineering Society UK (TCES), and is Chair of the Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER). In 2011 Alastair was awarded the International Association for Dental Research Distinguished Scientist - Young Investigator Award.

Inhalt

Title Page 5
Copyright Page 6
Contents 7
List of contributors 8
Preface 10
Chapter 1 Induced pluripotent stem cell technologies for tissue engineering 11
Overview of iPSCs 11
iPSC derivation 11
Characteristics of iPSCs 12
Feasible cell types for iPSC generation 13
Applications for iPSCs in cell?based therapy 13
iPSCs for tissue engineering and regeneration 14
iPSCs for tissue regeneration in general 14
Neural regeneration with iPSCs 15
Protocols of neural regeneration using iPSCs 16
iPSCs as disease study models 19
Genetic disease 19
Cancer-iPSCs 20
Preclinical considerations 23
Transgene-/vector-free iPSCs 23
Memory of hiPSCs as potential advantage 23
Development of an iPSC library 24
Conclusion and prospects 24
Acknowledgements 24
Author disclosure statement 24
References 24
Chapter 2 Immunomodulation by adult stem cells: Mechanisms of action and clinical applications 30
The effect of ageing on MSC function 31
Allogeneic versus autologous MSCs 32
Licensing of MSCs 33
MSC1 33
MSC2 34
MSCs and TLRs 34
Adult stem cells and the innate immune system 35
Cells of the innate immune system 35
Neutrophils 35
Mast Cells 36
Natural killer cells 36
Dendritic cells 37
Macrophages 37
MSCs and the complement system 39
The adaptive immune response 39
T cells 40
Th17 cells 40
Cell contact mechanisms 42
Tregs 42
Cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) 43
B cells 44
Mediators of immunomodulation 44
Galectins 44
TNF?-stimulated gene/protein 6 (TSG-6) 45
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) 45
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) 46
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) 46
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) 46
Transforming growth factor Beta 1 (TGF?1) 47
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) 47
The role of cell surface adhesion molecules in MSC-mediated immunosuppression 47
CD39/CD73 47
ICAM-1/V-CAM-1 47
Extracellular vesicles and immunomodulation 48
The relevance of species in determining immunomodulatory mechanisms 49
Homing 49
MSCs as modulators of the bacterial environment 49
Clinical applications of MSCs 50
Graft versus host disease 50
Multiple sclerosis (MS) 51
Colitis 51
Summary 51
Acknowledgements 52
References 52
Chapter 3 Research advances in tissue regeneration by dental pulp stem cells 60
Embryological origins of the stem cell pool in adult dental pulp 60
MSCs in primary dentinogenesis and dentine repair 61
SHEDs, SCAPs, and DPSC 62
Classical markers of a mesenchymal stem cell? 64
Alternative markers for mesenchymal stem cells 65
Using MSC markers to identify potential stem cell niches 66
In vivo analysis of MSCs in dental pulp 67
In vitro analysis of MSCs in dental pulp 68
The study of clonal cell lines versus heterogeneous populations 70
Consideration of the micro-environment during analysis of MSCs 73
Epigenetics and posttranslational regulation of DPSC behaviour 73
Pulpal repair and regeneration 74
Concluding remarks 75
References 75
Chapter 4 Assessing the potential of mesenchymal stem cells in craniofacial bone repair and regeneration 79
Regeneration of large bone volume 79
Accelerating bone regeneration 80
Improving predictability 80
Cellular and molecular events of bone healing 81
Haematoma formation and the inflammatory phase 81
Reparative phase 83
Late remodelling of woven bone 83
Current methods for measuring bone healing 84
Histomorphometric analysis 84
Cellular analysis and immunocytochemistry 86
Nondestructive imaging 88
Role of biomaterials in promoting bone healing 88
Surface roughness 89
3D scaffold support 89
MSC-based therapies 90
Cell expansion 91
Cell selection and cell survival 91
Cell tracking 92
Bioactive factors for promoting bone repair and regeneration 93
Recapitulating the natural scenario 93
Delivery systems 94
Bioelectrical stimulation of bone repair processes 95
2D models for analysis 95
3D models of analysis 96
In vivo models of analysis 96
Piezoelectic materials 96
Influence of loading and biomechanical forces 97
2D models for analysis 97
3D models of analysis 97
Concluding remarks 98
References 98
Chapter 5 Tissue culture models and approaches for dental tissue regeneration 106
Models for dental tissue regeneration 107
Tissue culture models for periodontal disease and bone destruction 109
Appropriate culture systems for pulpal infection 112
Modelling of dental pulp stem cell behaviour in 3D systems 115
Acknowledgements 117
References 117
Chapter 6 Industrial translation requirements for manufacture of stem cell–derived and tissue-engineered products 120
The penicillin story…and beyond 120
What is manufacturing scale? 121
Requirements for manufacture 123
An argument for bioreactors 123
Bioreactors for cell therapy 124
Bioreactors for controlling hard tissue formation 125
Process considerations 125
Input material 125
Cell source 125
Scaffold and signaling molecules 126
Manufacturing process 127
Monitoring the consequence of culture expansion 128
Final product: critical quality attributes 129
Conclusions 131
References 131
Chapter 7 Periodontal tissue engineering 134
Principles of periodontal woundhealing and regeneration 134
Overview of past and current clinical periodontal regeneration techniques 135
Root surface conditioning 135
Bone grafting materials 135
Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) 136
Growth factors and biologically active regenerative materials 136
Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) 136
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) 137
P-15 137
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) 137
Summary of clinical performance of current techniques 138
Periodontal tissue engineering 138
Cells 138
Progenitor cells in the periodontium and their differentiation 139
The use of PDL cells in vivo for periodontal regeneration 139
Stem cells 140
Extraoral mesenchymal stem cells and periodontal regeneration 140
Mesenchymal stem cells in dental and periodontal tissues 140
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) 141
Issues with iPSCs and MSCs for periodontal regeneration 141
Cell sheet technology 142
Regulatory growth factor and differentiation factors 142
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) 142
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) 143
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) 143
Growth/differentiation factor 5 (GDF-5) 144
Issues associated with the use of growth and differentiation factors 144
Scaffolds 144
Key scaffold characteristics 144
Scaffolds and carriers for periodontal tissue engineering 145
Advanced tissue-engineered construct design with multiphasic scaffolds 146
Tissue-engineered decellularised matrices and periodontal regeneration 147
Blood supply: Vascularisation and endothelial progenitors 148
Gene therapy 148
Conclusions 148
References 149
Chapter 8 Clinical strategies for dental and periodontal disease management: A way forward 155
Clinical strategies in regenerative endodontics 156
Vital pulp therapies 157
Nonvital pulp therapies 158
Regenerative endodontic procedures 158
Inclusion criteria 161
Evoked bleeding 161
Expected outcomes and challenges 163
Future approaches 164
Clinical techniques for periodontal regeneration 165
Osseous grafts 168
Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) 169
Growth factors/matrix proteins 170
Combination therapy 171
Concluding remarks 171
References 172
Index 179
EULA 186

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 18.11.2016
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Allgemeines / Lexika
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Zahnmedizin
• Schlagworte: craniofacial bone • Dental materials science • dental pulp • Dental Technology & Materials Science • Dental Traumatology • dentistry • Oral Biology • Oral surgery • orofacial medicine • Parodontologie • Periodontal Disease • Periodontology • stem cell technologies • Tissue engineering • Traumatologie i. d. Zahnheilkunde • Zahnheilkunde • Zahnheilkunde / Technologie u. Materialwissenschaft • Zahnmedizin
• ISBN-10: 1-118-74104-8 / 1118741048
• ISBN-13: 978-1-118-74104-7 / 9781118741047