Environmental Health (eBook)

From Global to Local

Howard Frumkin (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2016 | 3. Auflage
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-118-98807-7 (ISBN)

Infos

The bestselling environmental health text, with all new coverage of key topics

Environmental Health: From Global to Local is a comprehensive introduction to the subject, and a contemporary, authoritative text for students of public health, environmental health, preventive medicine, community health, and environmental studies. Edited by the former director of the CDC's National Center for Environmental Health and current dean of the School of Public Health at the University of Washington, this book provides a multi-faceted view of the topic, and how it affects different regions, populations, and professions. In addition to traditional environmental health topics-air, water, chemical toxins, radiation, pest control-it offers remarkably broad, cross-cutting coverage, including such topics as building design, urban and regional planning, energy, transportation, disaster preparedness and response, climate change, and environmental psychology. This new third edition maintains its strong grounding in evidence, and has been revised for greater readability, with new coverage of ecology, sustainability, and vulnerable populations, with integrated coverage of policy issues, and with a more global focus.

Environmental health is a critically important topic, and it reaches into fields as diverse as communications, technology, regulatory policy, medicine, and law. This book is a well-rounded guide that addresses the field's most pressing concerns, with a practical bent that takes the material beyond theory.

• Explore the cross-discipline manifestations of environmental health
• Understand the global ramifications of population and climate change
• Learn how environmental issues affect health and well-being closer to home
• Discover how different fields incorporate environmental health perspectives

The first law of ecology reminds is that 'everything is connected to everything else.' Each piece of the system affects the whole, and the whole must sustain us all for the long term. Environmental Health lays out the facts, makes the connections, and demonstrates the importance of these crucial issues to human health and well-being, both on a global scale, and in our homes, workplaces, and neighborhoods.

HOWARD FRUMKIN, MD, MPH, DrPH, is Dean and Professor of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences at the University of Washington School of Public Health. He formerly served at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, first as director of the National Center for Environmental Health and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, and later as Special Assistant to the CDC Director for Climate Change and Health.

Inhalt

Cover???????????????????????? 1
Title Page?????????????????????????????????? 5
Copyright???????????????????????????????? 6
Contents?????????????????????????????? 7
Tables, Figures, Text Boxes, and Tox Boxes?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 11
The Editor?????????????????????????????????? 21
The Contributors?????????????????????????????????????????????? 23
Acknowledgments???????????????????????????????????????????? 31
Potential Conflicts of Interest in Environmental Health: From Global to Local???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 33
Part 1 Methods and Paradigms?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 39
Chapter 1 Introduction to Environmental Health?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 41
What Is Environmental Health????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 42
The Evolution of Environmental Health???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 43
Spatial Scales, from Global to Local?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 54
The Forces that Drive Environmental Health?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 55
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 58
Chapter 2 Ecology and Ecosystems as Foundational for Health???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 65
Environment as Ecology: Ecology as the Study of Our Home?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 66
Population Ecology?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 69
Community Ecology???????????????????????????????????????????????? 74
Ecosystem Ecology???????????????????????????????????????????????? 76
Systems Thinking: From Ecology to Human Health?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 79
Features of Our Home: Ecological Characteristics as Foundational for Health???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 82
Toward Ecological Approaches to Health and Home???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 85
Summary???????????????????????????? 87
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 87
Chapter 3 Sustainability and Health???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 97
Historical Considerations of Sustainability???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 98
Sustainable Human Well-Being and the Three-Legged Stool???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 102
Drivers of Nonsustainability, Limits to Growth, and Collapse?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 103
What Should Concern Us More: Population Growth Or Consumerism??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 104
Limits to Growth?????????????????????????????????????????????? 105
Human Societal Collapse? Prevention Through Systems Thinking and Early Action???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 107
The Importance of Scale???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 108
The Way Forward???????????????????????????????????????????? 109
Summary???????????????????????????? 113
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 114
Chapter 4 Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 121
A Primer on Epidemiology?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 122
Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 130
Epidemiology and Risk Assessment?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 136
Future Directions???????????????????????????????????????????????? 137
Summary???????????????????????????? 139
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 139
Chapter 5 Geospatial Data for Environmental Health?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 149
Components of Georeferenced Data?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 151
Basic GIS Operations?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 151
Mapping and Spatial Analysis of Exposure?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 153
Mapping and Spatial Analysis of Disease Risk?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 154
What Makes Good Maps of Good Data??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 154
What Can We Do with GIS??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 155
Are There Any Limitations??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 157
Summary???????????????????????????? 158
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 158
Chapter 6 Toxicology?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 161
Introduction to Toxicology?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 161
Toxicology and Environmental Public Health?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 166
Toxicant Classifications?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 168
Testing Compounds for Toxicity?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 180
From Regulatory Toxicology to Public Health Policy?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 182
Summary???????????????????????????? 184
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 184
Chapter 7 Genes, Genomics, and Environmental Health???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 191
Fundamental Concepts of Genetics and Genomics???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 192
Approaches for Identifying Gene-Environment Interactions?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 201
Examples of Gene-Environment Interactions in the Real World???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 203
Summary???????????????????????????? 210
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 210
Chapter 8 Exposure Science, Industrial Hygiene, and Exposure Assessment???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 219
Anticipation, Recognition, Evaluation, and Control?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 220
Exposure Science?????????????????????????????????????????????? 226
Summary???????????????????????????? 234
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 234
Chapter 9 Environmental Psychology?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 241
Environmental Psychology and Toxicology???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 242
Environmental Psychology Processes?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 246
So What? Interventions That Work?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 258
Summary???????????????????????????? 261
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 261
Chapter 10 Environmental Health Ethics?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 269
Defining Ethics and Morals?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 269
The Modern Philosophical Background???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 270
Professionalism???????????????????????????????????????????? 273
Expanding Horizons and Challenges???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 275
Implications for Professional Ethics?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 279
Concluding Discussion???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 281
Summary???????????????????????????? 281
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 282
Chapter 11 Environmental Justice and Vulnerable Populations???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 289
The Roots of Environmental Justice?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 290
Elements of Environmental Justice???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 292
From Research to Action on Environmental Justice?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 294
Social Inequality and Environmental Quality???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 302
Summary???????????????????????????? 304
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 304
Part 2 Environmental Health on the Global Scale???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 311
Chapter 12 Climate Change and Human Health?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 313
Greenhouse Gases?????????????????????????????????????????????? 314
A Warming Earth: From Past to Future?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 314
Earth System Changes?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 315
Food and Malnutrition???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 319
Weather Extremes and Disasters?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 320
Air Pollution???????????????????????????????????????? 323
Infectious Diseases???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 325
Mental Health Effects???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 331
The Public Health Response to Climate Change?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 333
Climate Change as a Public Issue?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 337
Summary???????????????????????????? 342
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 342
Part 3 Environmental Health on the Regional Scale???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 355
Chapter 13 Air Pollution?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 357
History of Air Pollution?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 358
Types of Ambient Air Pollution?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 360
Studies of Air Pollution and Health???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 364
Sources and Effects of Outdoor Pollutants???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 365
Air Pollution Prevention and Control?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 375
Larger Effects of Regional Air Pollution?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 377
Summary???????????????????????????? 377
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 377
Chapter 14 Energy and Human Health?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 383
Household Energy?????????????????????????????????????????????? 387
Fossil Fuels?????????????????????????????????????? 389
Nuclear Energy?????????????????????????????????????????? 394
Renewable Sources of Energy???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 397
Energy Conservation and Efficiency?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 401
Summary???????????????????????????? 402
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 403
Chapter 15 Healthy Communities?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 415
The History of Cities???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 416
Poverty and Industrialization in Cities???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 418
The Modern Metropolis: Consumption and Urban Sprawl???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 420
Community Design and Health???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 423
Cities as Healthy Human Habitats?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 432
Summary???????????????????????????? 438
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 438
Chapter 16 Water and Health???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 451
The Role of Water in Life???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 451
Regulatory Framework?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 476
Risk Characterization for Water Contaminants?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 478
Emerging Issues???????????????????????????????????????????? 478
Summary???????????????????????????? 480
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 480
Part 4 Environmental Health on the Local Scale?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 489
Chapter 17 Solid and Hazardous Waste?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 491
Solid Waste???????????????????????????????????? 492
Solid Waste Management Strategies???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 499
Primary Prevention of Waste???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 500
Waste Treatment and Disposal?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 502
Health Concerns???????????????????????????????????????????? 507
Summary???????????????????????????? 509
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 510
Chapter 18 Pest Control and Pesticides?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 515
Insect Pests?????????????????????????????????????? 517
Vertebrate Pests?????????????????????????????????????????????? 520
Pesticides?????????????????????????????????? 521
Integrated Pest Management?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 531
Summary???????????????????????????? 534
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 534
Chapter 19 Food Systems, the Environment, and Public Health???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 541
What Is the Food System??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 542
Food Production: Industrial Agriculture???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 543
Industrial Food Animal Production???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 547
Sustainable Agriculture???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 550
Food Consumption and Food Environments?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 552
Food Safety and Environmental Health: A Systems Perspective???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 553
Making Change: Food System Policy???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 563
Summary???????????????????????????? 565
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 565
Chapter 20 Buildings and Health???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 577
The Range of Buildings?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 579
Key Elements of a Healthy Building?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 586
Toward Safe, Healthy Buildings?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 602
Architecture, Environment, and Human Health???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 603
Summary???????????????????????????? 606
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 606
Chapter 21 Work, Health, and Well-Being???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 619
The Interaction of Work and Health?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 620
Protecting Safety and Health on the Job???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 624
Workers' Compensation???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 632
Sustainability?????????????????????????????????????????? 633
Globalization???????????????????????????????????????? 634
Summary???????????????????????????? 636
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 636
Chapter 22 Radiation?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 641
Nonionizing Radiations?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 643
Ionizing Radiation: The Basics?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 648
Sources of Ionizing Radiation Exposure?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 650
Cellular and Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 655
Human Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 658
Radiation Protection?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 661
Assessing Radiation Risks???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 662
Summary???????????????????????????? 663
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 664
Chapter 23 Injuries???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 673
Injury Prevention and Control???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 674
Policy for Injury Prevention and Control?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 686
Injury Prevention in Practice???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 688
Injury Control in Special Settings?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 693
Summary???????????????????????????? 696
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 697
Chapter 24 Environmental Disasters?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 705
Scope of the Problem?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 707
The Public Health Consequences of Environmental Disasters???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 707
Disaster Risk and Its Determinants?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 714
Managing Disaster Risk?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 715
Summary???????????????????????????? 722
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 722
Chapter 25 Nature Contact???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 731
The Links Between Nature and Human Health???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 732
Domains of Nature Contact???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 736
The Greening of Environmental Health?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 747
Summary???????????????????????????? 749
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 749
Part 5 The Practice of Environmental Health???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 761
Chapter 26 Environmental Public Health: From Theory to Practice???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 763
Concepts of Environmental Health Prevention???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 765
Principles of Prevention in Environmental Public Health???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 767
Core Functions of Environmental Public Health???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 769
Environmental Public Health Systems???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 775
Summary???????????????????????????? 777
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 778
Chapter 27 Risk Assessment in Environmental Health?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 785
History???????????????????????????? 787
Risk Assessment???????????????????????????????????????????? 789
Risk Management and Communication???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 799
Summary???????????????????????????? 801
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 802
Chapter 28 Communicating Environmental Health???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 807
Communication, Social Marketing, and Environmental Health???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 808
Environmental Risk Communication?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 812
Summary???????????????????????????? 823
Key Terms???????????????????????????????? 824
Index???????????????????????? 829
EULA 896

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 9.2.2016
• Reihe/Serie: Public Health/Enviromental Health NY
• Reihe/Serie: Public Health/Enviromental Health NY
• Reihe/Serie: Public Health/Environmental Health
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Allgemeines / Lexika
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Arbeits- / Sozial- / Umweltmedizin
• Themenwelt: Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Infektiologie / Immunologie
• Themenwelt: Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Klinische Umweltmedizin
• Schlagworte: Climate Change and Health • climate change and vulnerable populations • Environmental & Occupational Health • environmental health and food safety • environmental health and law • environmental health and occupational health • environmental health essentials • Environmental Health: From Global to Local, 3rd Edition • Environmental health implications • environmental health in medicine • environmental health issues • environmental health textbook • environmental justice • environmental science and health • Gesundheits- u. Sozialwesen • Gesundheitswesen • Gesundheitswesen / Umwelt u. Arbeitsplatz • global environmental health • Health & Social Care • Howard Frumkin • introduction to environmental health • Public health issues • Radiation • sustainability
• ISBN-10: 1-118-98807-8 / 1118988078
• ISBN-13: 978-1-118-98807-7 / 9781118988077