Esophageal Cancer and Barrett's Esophagus (eBook)

Prateek Sharma, Richard Sampliner, David Ilson (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2015 | 3. Auflage
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-118-65519-1 (ISBN)

Infos

Esophageal Cancer and Barrett's Esophagus, 3E, focuses on these two common and key conditions that affect the esophagus, providing expert guidance to their pathogenesis, cause, prevention, diagnosis and clinical management.

Top international names in the field examine each of the many issues involved, using the very latest evidence-based research, and clear, didactic advice allows the reader to understand the best methods of diagnosis and clinical management of each condition - whether early or late stage.

Well-illustrated and fully revised to include the latest in ACG/ASG/UEGW guidelines, it is the perfect consultation tool for gastroenterologists and oncologists managing patients with cancer of the esophagus.  It is also ideal for teaching residents and fellows optimum patient management, and for identifying areas requiring future research.

PROFESSOR PRATEEK SHARMA, Professor Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, and Southern Arizona Veterans Affairs Health Care System and Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

PROFESSOR RICHARD SAMPLINER, Professor of Medicine at the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, and Chief of Gastroenterology at the Southern Arizona VA Health Care System.

DAVID ILSON, MD, PHD, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.

Inhalt

Cover 1
Title Page 5
Copyright 6
Contents 7
List of contributors 11
Preface 15
Chapter 1 Epidemiology of esophageal carcinoma 17
1.1 The incidence and mortality related to esophageal cancer 17
1.2 Mortality 18
1.3 Risk factors for EA 18
Chapter 2 Barrett's esophagus: definition and diagnosis 31
2.1 Introduction 31
2.2 Early history of Barrett's esophagus 31
2.3 Early reports on the histology of Barrett's esophagus 32
2.4 Identification of the gastroesophageal junction 32
2.5 Recognition of short segment Barrett's esophagus 33
2.6 Intestinal metaplasia and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus 34
2.7 The problem of cardiac mucosa 34
2.8 Definition of Barrett's esophagus 35
2.9 Diagnostic criteria for Barrett's esophagus 35
2.10 Intestinal metaplasia at the GEJ 36
Chapter 3 Epidemiology and prevalence of Barrett's esophagus 41
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 BE prevalence 41
3.3 BE incidence 44
3.4 Etiology and risk factors for BE 46
3.5 Neoplastic progression risk in BE 46
3.6 Conclusions 47
Chapter 4 Esophageal adenocarcinoma: risk factors 51
4.1 Introduction 51
4.2 Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) 51
4.3 Barrett's esophagus (BE) 52
4.4 Obesity 53
4.5 Smoking 53
4.6 Alcohol 54
4.7 Dietary factors 54
4.8 Medication use 54
4.9 H. pylori 55
4.10 Demographics 55
4.11 Summary 55
Chapter 5 Esophageal motility abnormalities in Barrett's esophagus 61
5.1 Introduction 61
5.2 Antireflux barrier 61
5.3 Lower esophageal sphincter 62
5.4 Diaphragmatic sphincter and hiatal hernia 62
5.5 Mechanical properties of the relaxed EGJ 63
5.6 Esophageal clearance 64
5.7 Peristaltic dysfunction 65
5.8 Gastric emptying and duodenogastroesophageal reflux 65
5.9 Therapy of motor abnormalities in Barrett's esophagus 66
5.10 Conclusion 66
Chapter 6 Molecular biology of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma 71
6.1 Introduction 71
6.2 Genetic and host susceptibility 71
6.3 Environmental factors contributing to the development of BE 73
6.4 Genomic instability mutations and copy number changes in candidate genes 74
6.5 The advent of next generation sequencing 77
6.6 Future directions and conclusions 79
Chapter 7 Histology of Barrett's esophagus: metaplasia and dysplasia 85
7.1 Introduction 85
7.2 Normal anatomy and histology 85
7.3 Histology of Barrett's esophagus 85
7.4 Intestinal metaplasia of the EGJ 87
7.5 Barrett's esophagus-related dysplasia 87
7.6 Intramucosal adenocarcinoma (IMC) 88
7.7 Submucosal adenocarcinoma 89
7.8 Morphologic types of dysplasia 89
7.9 Sampling error and observer variation in Barrett's esophagus-related dysplasia 90
7.10 Surrogate biomarkers for assessing risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma 90
Chapter 8 Helicobacter pylori and esophageal neoplasia 95
8.1 Introduction 95
8.2 H. pylori infection - gastritis pattern and gastric physiology with impact on gastroesophageal reflux disease 95
8.3 Epidemiological studies - GERD symptoms, erosive esophagitis and H. pylori 96
8.4 H. pylori, Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma 97
8.5 H. pylori eradication and GERD 98
8.6 H. pylori and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 99
8.7 Conclusions 100
Chapter 9 Screening and surveillance 103
9.1 Introduction 103
9.2 Screening 103
9.3 Surveillance 106
9.4 Conclusion 109
Chapter 10 New surface imaging technologies for dysplasia and cancer detection 113
10.1 Introduction 113
10.2 Surface imaging in Barrett's esophagus 114
10.3 Surface imaging for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 119
10.4 Summary 120
Chapter 11 New cellular imaging technologies for dysplasia and cancer detection 123
11.1 Introduction 123
11.2 Confocal laser endomicroscopy 123
11.3 Endocytoscopy 126
11.4 Optical coherence tomography 127
11.5 Molecular imaging in Barrett's 128
11.6 Conclusion 128
Chapter 12 The role of endoscopic ultrasound in esophageal cancer 131
12.1 Background 131
12.2 Equipment 131
12.3 Visualized EUS anatomy 131
12.4 Obstacles to accurate EUS staging 132
12.5 Esophageal cancer staging and impact on treatment intervention 133
12.6 T staging 133
12.7 N staging 135
12.8 M staging 136
12.9 Restaging after chemoradiotherapy and surveillance for disease recurrence 136
12.10 Conclusion/summary 137
Chapter 13 Staging of esophageal adenocarcinoma by CT, PET, and other modalities 141
13.1 Introduction 141
13.2 Endoscopic staging 141
13.3 Staging by external ultrasonography 144
13.4 Staging by radiological examinations 144
13.5 Staging by positron emission tomography (PET) 145
13.6 The value of FDG-PET to predict response to pre-operative treatment 146
13.7 Conclusion: summary of recommended staging procedures 148
Chapter 14 Medical management of Barrett's esophagus 153
14.1 Introduction 153
14.2 Assessment of symptoms 153
14.3 Acid suppressive therapies in management of reflux symptoms 154
14.4 Normalization of intraesophageal acid exposure 154
14.5 Management of erosive esophagitis 155
14.6 Maintenance of healed mucosa after endoscopic eradication therapies 155
14.7 Conclusions 156
Chapter 15 Thermal therapies and photodynamic therapy for early esophageal neoplasia 159
15.1 Introduction 159
15.2 Photodynamic therapy 160
15.3 Argon plasma coagulation 160
15.4 Cryotherapy 163
15.5 Conclusion 163
Chapter 16 RFA for early esophageal neoplasia 167
16.1 Background 167
16.2 Device and procedural technique 167
16.3 Efficacy and durability of radiofrequency ablation 170
16.4 Initial treatment response to RFA and risk factors for failed ablation 172
16.5 Endoscopic mucosal resection in combination with radiofrequency ablation 173
16.6 Safety and tolerability of radiofrequency ablation 173
16.7 Subsquamous intestinal metaplasia after radiofrequency ablation 173
16.8 Surveillance following radiofrequency ablation 174
16.9 Conclusions 174
Chapter 17 The role of endoscopic cryotherapy for treatment and palliation 177
17.1 Introduction 177
17.2 Cryotherapy mechanisms of tissue injury 177
17.3 Types of cryotherapy: devices, dosing, and endoscopic application 178
17.4 Efficacy and safety in Barrett's esophagus 180
17.5 Cryotherapy for the treatment of esophageal carcinoma 182
17.6 Summary and future directions 183
Chapter 18 Endoscopic resection 185
18.1 Introduction 185
18.2 ER techniques 185
18.3 ER in HGIN and early Barrett's cancer 187
18.4 ER of submucosal Barrett's adenocarcinoma 190
18.5 Conclusions 190
Chapter 19 Endoscopic submucosal dissection 193
19.1 Introduction 193
19.2 Indications of ESD for esophageal cancer 193
19.3 Preoperative examination 194
19.4 Techniques of ESD [19-22] for esophageal cancer 194
19.5 Complications 200
19.6 Sedation and anesthesia 201
19.7 Results 201
19.8 Training 201
19.9 Conclusion 202
Chapter 20 Surgical therapy of early esophageal cancer 205
20.1 Introduction 205
20.2 "Early" esophageal cancer 205
20.3 Indication of surgical resection for early esophageal adenocarcinoma 206
20.4 Strategy of surgical resection for early esophageal adenocarcinoma 206
20.5 Choice of surgical approach and outcomes 207
20.6 Discussion 210
20.7 Conclusion 211
Chapter 21 Chemoprevention: can we prevent esophageal cancer? 215
21.1 Overview 215
21.2 The effect of aspirin on cancer prevention 216
21.3 Risks and adverse effects of aspirin 217
21.4 The role of aspirin in reflux disease 219
21.5 Risk-benefits of aspirin 220
21.6 AspECT trial 221
Chapter 22 Selection of patients for cancer prevention and eradication 225
22.1 Introduction 225
22.2 Patient factors 225
22.3 Cancer risk and grade of dysplasia 226
22.4 Baseline quality measures 228
22.5 The lesion 229
22.6 Predictors of response 231
22.7 Predictors of initial response to therapy 231
22.8 Future considerations 233
22.9 Conclusions 233
Chapter 23 Combined modality therapy in locally advanced esophageal cancer 237
23.1 Introduction 237
23.2 Pre-operative chemotherapy 237
23.3 Post-operative therapy 238
23.4 Chemoradiation for medically inoperably patients 240
23.5 Pre-operative chemoradiation 240
23.6 Pre-operative chemoradiation vs. chemotherapy 241
23.7 Definitive vs. pre-operative chemoradiation 241
23.8 Newer chemoradiation regimens 242
23.9 Targeted therapies 242
23.10 Positron emission tomography-directed therapy 243
23.11 Conclusion 244
Chapter 24 Surgery in locally advanced esophageal cancer 247
24.1 Introduction 247
24.2 Chemotherapy, chemoradiation and surgical complications 247
24.3 Technical considerations 248
24.4 Risks of salvage surgery 249
24.5 Conclusion 250
Chapter 25 Radiation therapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer 253
25.1 Introduction 253
25.2 Definitive therapy in unresectable locally advanced esophageal cancer 253
25.3 Trimodality therapy 256
25.4 Techniques of radiation therapy 259
25.5 Conclusions 261
Chapter 26 Systemic therapy and targeted agents in advanced esophageal cancer 267
26.1 Introduction 267
26.2 Chemotherapy 267
26.3 Targeted therapy 269
26.4 Future directions 274
26.5 Conclusions 275
Chapter 27 Role of endoscopy and nutritional support in advanced esophageal cancer 281
27.1 Introduction 281
27.2 Nutritional support in advanced esophageal cancer 282
27.3 Palliative endoscopy in inoperable esophageal cancer 282
27.4 Conclusion 289
Index 293
Supplemental Images 301
EULA 313

Rezensionen

"Prateek Sharma and Richard Sampliner have assembled a superb,
comprehensive and up to date textbook on Barrett's esophagus and
esophageal adenocarcinoma. There are very few problems with this
book. The section on the management of esophageal adenocarcinoma is
brief and clearly directed to gastroenterologists rather than
surgeons or oncologists (as is most of the textbook). ...This is an
excellent textbook for anyone with an interest in esophageal
disease or gastrointestinal cancer. It should be an essential
textbook for any medical library."

-J. Patrick Waring, Atlanta GA

Practical Gastroenterology, January 2002

"Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma is a
comprehensive collection of chapters written by leading authorities
in the field. It has many fine qualities. The editors clearly
demonstrate that the study of Barrett's esophagus lends itself to a
multidisciplinary approach. Each chapter is introduced by a
background section that acquaints the reader with the concepts
underlying the material that follows. As a result, the book does a
remarkable job of presenting knowledge about Barrett's esophagus to
a general audience.

The figures and tables are excellent, the color plates are of
good quality, and the text is lucid, succinct and comprehensive.
This superb work effectively summarizes all the current topics
pertinent to Barrett's esophagus. It is comprehensive yet not
cumbersome and introduces the reader to a wide range of
disciplines. Gastroenterologists will reap great rewards from
reading this book, but it also reaches out to a larger audience and
is a model of how the study of a single disease lends itself to
many different specialities."

-David. A. Katzka, MD. The New England Journal of Medicine.
Volume 345(20) November 2001.

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 25.8.2015
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Allgemeines / Lexika
• Themenwelt: Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Innere Medizin ► Gastroenterologie
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Onkologie
• Schlagworte: Cancer Detection • dysplasia • Esophageal cancer • esophageal carcinoma • Esophageal Neoplasia • Esophagus • Gastroenterologie • Gastroenterologists • gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal surgery • Magen-Darm-Chirurgie • Medical Science • Medizin • oncologists • Oncology & Radiotherapy • Onkologie • Onkologie u. Strahlentherapie
• ISBN-10: 1-118-65519-2 / 1118655192
• ISBN-13: 978-1-118-65519-1 / 9781118655191