Amino Acids and Proteins in Fossil Biominerals (eBook)

An Introduction for Archaeologists and Palaeontologists

Beatrice Demarchi (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2020
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-119-08954-4 (ISBN)

Infos

AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS IN FOSSIL BIOMINERALS

An essential cross-disciplinary guide to the proteins that form biominerals and that are preserved in the fossil record??

Amino Acids and Proteins in Fossil Biominerals is an authoritative guide to the patterns of survival and degradation of ancient biomolecules in the fossil record. The author brings together new research in biomineralization and ancient proteins to describe mechanisms of protein diagenesis.

The book draws on the author's experiences as well as current information from three research fields: geochemistry, archaeology and Quaternary sciences. The author examines the history of the study of ancient proteins, from the dating of Quaternary biominerals to the present advances in shotgun proteomics, and discusses their applications across archaeology, geology and evolutionary biology.

This important guide:??

• Explores the main components of biominerals
• Describes the breakdown of proteins in fossils
• Reviews the applications of ancient protein studies

Written for students and researchers of biomolecular archaeology and palaeontology, Amino Acids and Proteins in Fossil Biominerals provides a cross-disciplinary guide to the proteins responsible for the formation of biominerals and to the survival of biomolecules in the archaeological and palaeontological record.

This book forms one volume of the popular New Analytical Methods in Earth and Environmental Science Series.

Beatrice Demarchi, PhD, is a biomolecular archaeologist in the Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.

Inhalt

Cover 1
Title Page 5
Copyright Page 6
Contents 7
Preface 9
Acknowledgements 11
Chapter 1 Biominerals and the Fossil Record 13
1.1 Why Study Old Biominerals? 13
1.2 What are Biominerals? 16
1.3 How and Why are Biominerals Formed? 17
1.4 ‘Biomineralization Toolkit’: From Proteins to Proteomes 20
1.5 Fossil Biominerals, Fossil Proteomes 24
1.5.1 Open and Closed Systems: Isolating the Intracrystalline Organic Fraction in the Laboratory 25
1.5.2 ‘Diagenetically isolated’ intracrystalline proteins 28
References 28
Chapter 2 Mechanisms of Degradation and Survival 35
2.1 Introduction 35
2.2 Hydrolysis 39
2.2.1 The Accumulation of a Hydrolysis-resistant Fraction 41
2.2.2 The Effect of Surface Stabilization 42
2.2.3 Lack of Water 43
2.3 Racemization 43
2.4 Decomposition and Other Diagenesis-induced Modifications 47
2.4.1 A Note on Authentication 50
References 50
Chapter 3 Proteins in Fossil Biominerals 55
3.1 Bone and Other Collagen-based Hard Tissues 55
3.2 Tooth 57
3.3 Eggshell 59
3.4 Mollusc Shell 63
3.5 Other Substrates 69
3.5.1 Coral 69
3.5.2 Foraminifera 71
3.5.3 Brachiopods 73
3.5.4 Arthropods 74
3.5.5 Conclusions 75
References 75
Chapter 4 Chiral Amino Acids: Geochronology and Other Applications 83
4.1 Dating the Quaternary (Pleistocene and Holocene) 83
4.1.1 Palaeoclimate and Coastal Studies 83
4.1.2 Human Evolution Against a Backdrop of Quaternary Climate Change 85
4.2 Principles of AAR Dating 88
4.3 Measuring D/L Values 90
4.3.1 FAA and THAA Fractions 90
4.3.2 Chromatography 91
4.4 Factors Affecting D/L Values 94
4.4.1 Closed Versus Open Systems 94
4.4.2 Species Effect 96
4.4.3 Burial Environment: Mixing 96
4.4.4 Burial Environment: Temperature 98
4.5 Aminostratigraphy 99
4.6 Aminochronology 104
4.6.1 AAR and Holocene Palaeoecology 107
4.6.2 Quaternary Aminochronologies 108
4.7 Palaeothermometry 109
4.8 Testing the Suitability of Biominerals for Geochemical Analyses 110
4.9 Taxonomic Identification 111
4.10 Appendix: Practical Tips on How to Plan and Conduct an AAR Study 112
4.10.1 Preliminary Tests 113
4.10.2 Sampling Strategies in the Field 113
4.10.3 Sampling Strategies in the Laboratory 114
4.10.4 Bleaching 114
4.10.5 FAA and THAA 115
4.10.6 Chromatography 115
4.10.7 Data Analysis, Publication and Sharing 115
References 116
Chapter 5 Ancient Protein Sequences 125
5.1 Ancient Protein Analysis by Mass Spectrometry 125
5.1.1 Sample Preparation for Bottom-up Palaeoproteomics 125
5.1.2 Mass Spectrometry 126
5.1.3 Invertebrate Palaeoproteomics 129
5.2 Ancient Proteins: Past and Future 132
References 134
Index 139
EULA 142

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 12.6.2020
• Reihe/Serie: Analytical Methods in Earth and Environmental Science
• Reihe/Serie: Analytical Methods in Earth and Environmental Science
• Reihe/Serie: Analytical Methods in Earth and Environmental Science
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Archäologie
• Themenwelt: Geschichte ► Allgemeine Geschichte ► Vor- und Frühgeschichte
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Genetik / Molekularbiologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Mineralogie / Paläontologie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• Schlagworte: Aminosäuren • biominerals • Conduct • Degradation • earth sciences • Geochemie • Geochemie, Mineralogie • Geochemistry & Minerology • Geochronology • Geowissenschaften • Holocene • Paläontologie • Paläontologie, Paläobiologie u. Geobiologie • Paleontology, Paleobiology & Geobiology • Plan • Pleistocene • practical tips • proteins • Quartärforschung • Quartärforschung, Glaziologie • Quaternary • Quaternary Science & Glaciology • study old biominerals • Suitability
• ISBN-10: 1-119-08954-9 / 1119089549
• ISBN-13: 978-1-119-08954-4 / 9781119089544