Advancement of Intelligent Production (eBook)

Seventh International Conference on Production/Precision Engineering, 4th International Conference on High Technology, Chiba, Japan, 15-17 September 1994

E. Usui (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2016 | 1. Auflage
838 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-9663-0 (ISBN)

Infos

As we move towards the 21st century, industries are compelled to turn from 'high productivity and high precision' to 'more intelligent and more human-oriented technology'. This volume presents the existing state of the art of production/precision engineering and illuminates areas in which future work may proceed.

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As we move towards the 21st century, industries are compelled to turn from "e;high productivity and high precision"e; to "e;more intelligent and more human-oriented technology"e;. This volume presents the existing state of the art of production/precision engineering and illuminates areas in which future work may proceed.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Advancement of Intelligent Production 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 10
Preface 6
KEYNOTE PAPERS 20
Chapter 1. Towards the Integration of CAD, CAE and Fast Free Form Fabrication 22
1. INTRODUCTION 22
2. MANUFACTURING SECTOR FACTORS 22
3. INTEGRATION OF INFORMATION 25
4. INTEGRATING CAD AND CAE 27
5. FAST FREE FORM FABRICATION 29
6. CONCLUSION 30
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 31
REFERENCES 31
Chapter 2. Future Perspective of CIM 
32 
1. INTRODUCTION 32
2. INTELLIGENT COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING (I-CIM): THE NEED FOR THE FUTURE: 32
3. THE CHALLENGE OF MANUFACTURING OF THE 21st CENTURY 34
4. FMS AND I-CIM: AN INTEGRATION PARADIGM FOR FMS CONTROL 35
5-CIM: BENEFITS TO MANUFACTURING 40
6. CONCLUSION 41
REFERENCES 41
Chapter 3. Intelligence in Machine Tools by Configuration 42
1. Introduction 42
2. Characteristics of the configuration 43
3. Modularisation of the mechanical structure 45
4. Reference architecture of open system controllers 46
5. Quality assurance by monitoring with optimal sensor systems 48
Summary 50
References 51
Chapter 4. A Perspective on the Future of the Precision Engineering Industry 52
1. INTRODUCTION 52
2. THE REAL COST OF PRECISION 53
3. MARKETS FOR PRECISION PRODUCTS 55
4. CONDUCTING PRECISION BUSINESS 56
5. CONCLUSIONS 57
REFERENCES 57
Chapter 5. ON THE MECHANISMS OF MATERIAL REMOVAL IN FINE GRINDING AND POLISHING OF ADVANCED CERAMICS AND GLASSES 59
1. INTRODUCTION 59
2. POLISHING MECHANISMS FOR METALS 60
3. 'GENTLE' / 'DUCTILE' GRINDING AND POLISHING OF ADVANCED CERAMICS AND GLASSES 61
4 ON THE NATURE OF BONDING 62
5. THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS 64
6. ADVANCED CERAMICS AND GLASSES AS WORK MATERIALS 67
7. METHODS OF FINISHING ADVANCED CERAMICS 68
8. RESULTS 69
REFERENCES 70
Chapter 6. MACHINING PERFORMANCE PREDICTION FOR MODERN MANUFACTURING 73
1. INTRODUCTION 73
2. MACHINING OBJECTIVES, PERFORMANCE AND VARIABLES 74
3. TECHNOLOGICAL MACHINING PERFORMANCE PREDICTION 76
4. ECONOMIC MACHINING PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OR OPTIMISATION 80
5. CONCLUSION 81
REFERENCES 81
Acknowledgment 82
Chapter 7. Advances in physical and chemical machining 83
Abstract 83
1. MACHINING PRINCIPLES THROUGH THE AGES 83
2. NON-TRADITIONAL MATERIAL REMOVAL PROCESSES 84
3. NON-TRADITIONAL MATERIAL ACCRETION PROCESSES 89
4. NON-TRADITIONAL FORMING PROCESSES 94
5. CONCLUSIONS 95
6. REFERENCES 95
Chapter 8. Relationship between quality and measurement D.J. Whitehouse Department of Engineering, University of Warwick, UK 98
Abstract 98
1. Introduction 98
2. Measurement and manufacture 100
3. Measurement and function 107
4. Direct manufacture to quality 112
5. Conclusions 113
References 114
Chapter 9. Assembly towards the future: the contribution of European Research and Innovation Programmes 115
1. INTRODUCTION 115
2. EUROPEAN RESEARCH AND INNOVATION PROGRAMMES 115
3. ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS 118
4. CONCLUSIONS 122
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 123
REFERENCES 123
Part 1: ADVANCED MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS 126
Chapter 10. Recognition of Hand-written Mechanical Drawing by Multi-Level Neural Network (MLNN) 128
1. INTRODUCTION 128
2. CONCEPT OF MLNN SYSTEM 129
3. RECOGNITION PROCESSES 129
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 132
5. CONCLUSION 133
REFERENCES 133
Chapter 11. A New Method for Constructing a Software Model of Sculptured Surfaces with C2 Continuity from a Physical Model 134
1. INTRODUCTION 134
2. SENSORS TO DETECT POSITION AND NORMAL DIRECTION 134
3. PROPOSITION OF CURVED PATCHES 135
4. CONTINUITY OF THE PATCHES 138
5. EXAMPLE OF THE PATCH 139
6. CONCLUSIONS 139
REFERENCES 139
Chapter 12. Extraction and Recognition of Form Features in a Polyhedral Object by Using Edge Loops 140
1. INTRODUCTION 140
2. REPRESENTATION OF FORM FEATURES 140
3. CLASSIFICATION OF FORM FEATURES 141
4. GRAPH-BASED FEATURE RECOGNITION 142
5. RECOGNITION FOR INTERACTING FEATURES 143
6. IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULT 144
7. CONCLUSION 145
REFERENCES 145
Chapter 13. THE DESCRIPTIVE PARTIAL EMBEDDING OF FORM FEATURE MODELS BASED ON TYPED ATTRIBUTED ENTITY STRUCTURES IN .HE STANDARD FOR THE EXCHANGE OF PRODUCT MODEL DATA 146
1. Introduction 146
2. Required architecture and methodologies 147
3. Knowledge representation and TAE structures 147
4. Partial embedding in STEP 149
5. Alternatives and current experiments 151
6. Conclusion 151
Acknowledgments 151
References 152
Chapter 14. Hierarchical Process Model and Description Architecture of Concurrent Design and Engineering Process Yoshihito KIKUCHI a and Takeshi KISHINAMI b 154
1. INTRODUCTION 154
2. HIERARCHICAL DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING MODEL 155
3. DYNAMIC DESIGN PROCESS MODEL 157
4. HIERARCHICAL MODELING ARCHITECTURE 158
5. MODEL DESCRIPTION 158
6. CONCLUSION 158
8. ACKNOWLEDGMENT 158
References 158
Chapter 15. Object-Oriented Intelligent Design Support System for Machine Tools 160
ABSTRACT 160
1. INTRODUCTION 160
2. OBJECT ORIENTED DESIGN PROCESS OF MACHINE TOOLS 160
3. DESIGN SUPPORT SYSTEM OF MACHINING CENTERS 162
4. CASE STUDY 164
5. CONCLUSIONS 165
REFERENCES 165
Chapter 16. Design of Intelligent Machine – Distribution of Knowledge and Control – 166
1.INTRODUCTION 166
2.DESIGN PROCEDURE 167
3.Experiments with two-axes robot arm 169
4.Conclusions 171
REFERENCES 171
Chapter 17. A Prototype Knowledge-Based Integrated System for Power Transmission Design 172
1. INTRODUCTION 172
2. OVERVIEW OF KBIS-PTS 172
3. STRUCTURE OF THE SYSTEM 174
4. AN EXAMPLE 175
REFERENCES 177
Chapter 18. SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATED GEARBOX DESIGN BASED ON PRINCIPLES OF EXPERT SYSTEM BUILDING 178
1. INTRODUCTION 178
2. CONCEPT OF THE SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATED ASSEMBLY DESIGN 179
3. TESTING EXAMPLE 181
4. CONCLUSION 182
REFERENCES 182
Chapter 19. NECESSITY FOR CHANGE IN ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES IN INDUSTRY AND WAYS TO THE "FRACTAL COMPANY" 183
1. THE SHIFT OF GOALS 183
2. HISTORICAL CHANGE 184
3. PRODUCTION FACTOR INFORMATION 184
4. LIMITATIONS OF CURRENT SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS 185
5. CHARACTERISTICS OF DYNAMIC CHANGE 185
6. DESIGN OF INDUSTRIAL PERFORMANCE PLANNING 185
7. THE BASIS FOR THE FORMATION OF FRACTALS: THE LEVEL CONCEPT 186
8. LEVEL MODEL AND VITALITY 187
SUMMARY 188
BIBLIOGRAPHY 189
Chapter 20. Ecofactory From Product Life Cycle Aspects 190
1. INTRODUCTION 190
2. LCA ASPECTS IN DESIGN PHASE 190
3. DESIGN STRATEGY IN CONCEPTUAL DESIGN PHASE 192
4. DESIGN SUPPORT ENVIRONMENT 194
5. CONCLUSION 195
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 195
REFERENCES 195
Chapter 21. A Neural Network Model for Cost Estimation and Evaluation in Manufacturing 196
1. INTRODUCTION 196
2. THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF NEURAL NETWORKS 197
3. THE HISTORY AND RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF NEURAL TECHNOLOGY 197
4. A NEURAL MODEL FOR PRICE ESTIMATION AND EVALUATION IN PURCHASING 198
5. CONCLUSION 200
REFERENCES 201
Chapter 22. A Modeling of Biological-oriented Manufacturing Systems with Two Types of Populations 202
1 INTRODUCTION 202
2 SIMPLE MODEL OF BMS 203
3 MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF SIMPLE MODEL 204
4 PRODUCTION SCHEDULING PROBLEM 205
5 EXAMPLE 205
6 CONCLUSIONS 207
REFERENCES 207
Chapter 23. Manufacturing System Design Simulator based on Facility Life Cycle Model Fumio Kojimac,Kazuaki Iwataa,Yoshiro Fukudab,Kazuo Matsumotoc and Keiji Mitsuyukic ^Department of Mechanical Engineering for Computer-Controlled Machinery, Faculty of Engineering,Os 208
1. INTRODUCTION 208
2. THE THREE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM SIMULATOR STAGES 209
3. MALIC 209
4. IMPLEMENTATION OF MALIC/FLS SIMULATOR 212
5. THE APPLICATION OF MALIC/FLS 212
6. CONCLUSIONS 213
REFERENCES 213
Chapter 24. Workpiece-Centered Distributed System in the Shop Floors for Machining and Assembly 214
1. Introduction 214
2. Workpiece-centered factory 214
3. Experimental system 216
4. Discussions 218
5. Conclusions 219
References 219
Chapter 25. The design of automatic generating system for FMS controling programms 220
l.INTRODUCTION 220
2.DYNAMIC SCHEDULING FUNCTION MODEL AT FMS CELL LEVEL 220
3.THE STRUCTURE OF DYNAMIC SCHEDULING PROGRAMMS 221
4.THE BASIS PRINCIPLE OF AUTOMATIC GENERATING SCHEDULING PROGRAMMS 223
5.CONCLUSION 224
6. REFERENCES 225
Chapter 26. Object-oriented simulating software for FMS Zuobao WU, Xiaohong PAN, Yaodong CHENG, Shuiliang FANG 226
1. INTRODUCTION 226
2. OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING 226
3. OSFMS LIBRARY 227
4. FMS MODELING 228
5. SIMULATING SOFTWARE 230
6. CONCLUSIONS 232
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 232
REFERENCES 232
Chapter 27. MANUFACTURING PROCESS PLANNING BASED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF EXPERT SYSTEM BUILDING, WITHIN SAPOR-S SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATED NC PROGRAMMING 233
1. INTRODUCTION 233
2. DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROCESS PLANNING MODULE BASED ON EXPERT SYSTEMS BUILDING 233
3. AN EXAMPLE OF TESTING OF THE DEVELOPED PROCESS PLANNING MODULES 236
4. CONCLUSION 236
Chapter 28. Set-up Planning: A Pre-Planning Process for CAPP and CAFP 239
1. INTRODUCTION 239
2. SET-UP PLANNING: A PRE-PLANNING PROCESS 240
3. CURRENT WORK 242
4. AN EXAMPLE 245
5. CONCLUSIONS 246
REFERENCES 246
Chapter 29. Design Method of Tool Database for Real Time Tool Management System 247
1. INTRODUCTION 247
2. BACKGROUND 247
3. SCOPE AND PURPOSE 248
4. STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF REAL TIME TOOL USE 249
5. ACTIVITY MODEL IN TOOL USE PLANNING 251
6. CONSTRUCTION OF TOOL INFORMATION MODEL 251
7. IMPLEMENT METHOD OF TOOL DATABASE 252
8. SUMMARY 252
REFERENCES 252
Chapter 30. An Autonomous Operation Planning with the Consideration of Machining Schedule 253
1. Introduction 253
2. Adaptive prediction 253
3. Operation planning 256
4. Conclusion 258
References 258
Chapter 31. The Development of the Virtual Clay Modeling System (VCMS) 259
1. INTRODUCTION 259
2. OVERVIEW OF THE SYSTEM 259
3. ESTIMATION OF THE 2D CUTTING FORCE OF CLAY 260
4. DEVELOPMENT OF CUTTING FORCE GENERATOR 261
5. SIMULATION SOFTWARE FOR VIRTUAL CLAY MODELING 262
6. BASIC CHARACTERISTIC OF VCMS 263
7. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 264
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 264
REFERENCES 264
Chapter 32. Remote Work Support System Using Multimedia with Force Feedback 265
Abstract 265
1. Introduction 265
2. Force Information at Work 265
3. Building Force Information into the Work Model 266
4. Force Feedback 266
5. Experiment 268
6. Conclusion 270
References 270
Chapter 33. Simultaneous Use of Multiple Human Senses to Actively Interpret NDE Signals for Improving the Precision of Process Control and Inspection 271
1. INTRODUCTION 271
2. AURALIZATION AND AURAL CONVERSION OF NDE SIGNALS 271
3. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 273
4. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 275
REFERENCES 275
Chapter 34. Development of a Fixture-Free Machining Center for Low-Volume FMS 277
1. INTRODUCTION 277
2. APPROACH TO THE STUDY 277
3. FIXTURE-FREE MACHINING 278
4. FULLY AUTOMATED MANUFACTURING SYSTEM 279
5. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 281
6. CONCLUSION 282
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 282
REFERENCES 282
Chapter 35. Verification and Editing of Multi-Axis NC Code 283
1. INTRODUCTION 283
2. VERIFICATION OF TOOL PATH 284
3. VERIFICATION OF MACHINED PART 284
4. AUTOMATIC EDITING 285
5. IMPLEMENTATION AND EXAMPLES 286
6. CONCLUSIONS 287
REFERENCES 287
Chapter 36. Study on insert compensation calculation in plane and space side swing movement of welding robot 288
1. INTRODUCTION 288
2. INSERT COMPENSATION CALCULATION IN PLANE SIDE SWING MOVEMENT OF WELDING ROBOT 288
3, INSERT COMPENSATION CACDLATION SIDE SUING MOVEMENT IN SPACE 290
4,CONCLUSION 291
REFERENCES 292
Part 2: ADVANCED MACHINE TOOLS 294
Chapter 37. Five Degrees of Freedom Axis Motion Control of Active Air Rotary Bearing 296
1. INTRODUCTION 296
2. PRINCIPLE AND CONFIGURATION 296
3. DYNAMIC MODEL AND CONTROL SYSTEM 299
4. PERFORMANCE OF THE AARB 300
5. CONCLUSIONS 301
REFERENCES 301
Chapter 38. ANALYSIS OF THE LEAST TEMPERATURE RISE ON THE NON CONCENTRIC HYDRO DYNAMIC BEARING 302
Abstract 302
1. Machine thermal deformation by spindle temparature 302
2. Major facters of spindle temperature rise 303
3. Type of low temp, rise bearing 304
4. Analysis rise of temperature 304
5. Low temp, rise spindle performances 306
6. Conclusion 307
Reference 307
Chapter 39. Analysis of the static behaviors of rolling guideways Tong Junxian, Chen Jiu, Dong Lixin, Huang Yumei Shaanxi Institute of Mechanical Engineering 308
1. INTRODUCTION 308
2. ANALYSES OF ROLLING GUIDEWAYS 308
3. COMPARISON OF TESTED AND CALCULATED RESULTS 312
4. CONCLUSIONS 313
REFERENCES 313
Chapter 40. Theoretical and experimental study of oil-film damping technique for rolling slideways system 314
1. INSTRUCTION 314
2. STRUCTURE,PRINCIPLE AND DAMPING EFFECT 315
3. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 316
4. CONCLUSION 318
REFERENCES 318
Chapter 41. Precise Tilting Control of Rotating Table for Facing Lathe 319
1.INTRODUCTION 319
2.MECHANICAL STRUCTURE 319
3.METROLOGY/CONTROL SYSTEM 321
4.EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 322
5.CONCLUSION 323
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 323
REFERENCES 323
Chapter 42. Development of Hybrid Magnetic Spindle —Characteristics of Test Spindle— 324
1. INTRODUCTION 324
2. THEORETICAL ANALYSIS 324
3. EXPERIMENTAL RIG 325
4. FREQUENCY RESPONSE 326
5. STABILITY ANALYSIS 327
6. ROTATING EXPERIMENT 328
7. CONCLUSION 329
REFERENCES 329
Chapter 43. Development of a Wheel Spindle for a Productive Type Gear Grinding Machine 330
1. INTRODUCTION 330
2. FORMAT OF PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT GEAR GRINDING MACHINE 330
3. WHEEL SPINDLE FORMAT 331
4. REDUCTION OF SWITCHING NOISE 333
5. EXPERIMENTS 334
6. CONCLUSIONS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 334
REFERENCES 335
Chapter 44. Theoretical Estimation Method for Alignment Errors of Vertical Milling Machine Tools 336
1. INTRODUCTION 336
2. MODEL OF FORM SHAPING SYSTEM 336
3. ESTIMATION OF ALIGNMENT ERRORS OF MILLING MACHINE TOOLS 339
REFERENCES 341
Chapter 45. Active Thermal Deformation Compensation Based on Internal Monitoring and a Neural Network 342
1. Introduction 342
2. Related work 342
3. Structure of machining center for active thermal compensation 343
4. Performance of deformation sensors and thermal actuators 344
5. Control strategy using a neutral network 345
6. Experimental results 346
7. Conclusions 347
References 347
Chapter 46. Development of a System which Dynamically Determines Machining Conditions Based on Real-Time Machining State Detection 348
1. Introduction 348
2. Related work 348
3. Real-Time Machining State Detection 349
4. Stability Lobe Diagram 349
5. Experimental Acquisition of the Stability Lobe Diagram 350
6. Automatic Machining Conditions Determination System Using Experimentally Obtained Stability Lobe Diagram 350
7. Conclusions 352
References 353
Chapter 47. Parameter Identification of Nonlinear Characteristics of Machine Tool Elements with the Impulsive Response Method 354
1. INTRODUCTION 354
2. PRINCIPLES OF IDENTIFICATION 354
3. EVALUATION OF THE PROPOSED METHODS BY SIMULATION 357
4. EVALUATION BY EXPERIMENT 358
5. CONCLUSION 359
REFERENCES 359
Chapter 48. ACCURACY IMPROVEMENT OF MACHINE TOOL BY WORKPIECE-REFERRED CONTROL 360
1.INTRODUCTION 360
2.PRINCIPLE AND BASIC STUDY OF WORFAC 360
3.SIMULATION 363
4.INVESTIGATION OF SENSOR POSITIONING 364
5.RESULT OF SIMULATION 365
6.EXPERIMENT 365
7.CONCLUSIONS 367
REFERENCES 367
Chapter 49. Study on improving positioning accuracy of NC machine tools using a neural network 368
1. Introduction 368
2. Positioning system and its performance 368
3. Application of the neural network 370
4. Conclusions 373
Acknowledgment 373
References 373
Chapter 50. 6-axis Control of Polishing Robot Using an Ultrasonic Vibrational Tool 374
1. INTRODUCTION 374
2. POLISHING ROBOT SYSTEM 375
3. POLISHING TOOL 375
4. GENERATION OF ROBOT CONTROL DATA 376
5. CONTACT FORCE CONTROL 377
6. POLISHING EXPERIMENT 377
7. CONCLUSION 378
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 379
REFERENCES 379
Chapter 51. Progressing a Productivity of Gear Grinding 380
1. INTRODUCTION 380
2. CONCEPT OF GRINDING SYSTEM 380
3. OUTLINE OF PROTOTYPE MACHINE 382
4. MOTOR CONTROL USING TWO-PHASE TYPE PLL 382
5. GRINDING EXPERIMENT 384
6. CONCLUSIONS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENT 385
REFERENCES 385
Chapter 52. Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete for Machine Tool Structure 386
1. INTRODUCTION 386
2. TEST PROGRAMME 387
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 388
4. CONCLUSIONS 391
REFERENCES 391
Chapter 53. Development of Special Mounting Elements with Damping for Surface Grinding Machines 392
1. INTRODUCTION 392
2. SPECIAL MOUNTING ELEMENT WITH VARIABLE DAMPING 393
3. EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS AND METHOD 394
4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND CONSIDERATIONS 395
5. CONCLUSIONS 397
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 397
REFERENCES 397
Chapter 54. Closed-loop Control in Power Operated Three-jaw Chucks 398
1. INTRODUCTION 398
2. FEM ANALYSIS 399
3 . APPLICATION BEHAVIOUR OF THE CLAMPING FORCE SENSORS 400
4. CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL 400
5. CONCLUSION 403
REFERENCES 403
Chapter 55. Flexible clamping jaws for circular sections 404
1. INTRODUCTION 404
2. CONVENTIONAL CLAMPING JAWS 405
3. FLEXIBLE CLAMPING JAWS 405
4. FUTURE WORK 408
5. CONCLUSION 409
REFERENCES 409
Part 3: CUTTING AND ABRASIVE MACHINING 410
Chapter 56. Efficient High Strength Finish Grinding of Ceramics 412
ABSTRACT: 412
1. INTRODUCTION 412
2. MAXIMUM STRENGTH METHODOLOGY GRINDING 413
3. EFFICIENT fflGH STRENGTH GRINDING GUIDELINES 415
4. CONCLUSIONS 416
5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 417
6. REFERENCES 417
Chapter 57. Prevention of Strength Deterioration of Ground Ceramics by Stiffness-controlled Metal-bonded Diamond Wheel 418
1. INTRODUCTION 418
2. SMB WHEEL AND MEASUREMENT OF WHEEL STIFFNESS 418
3. STRENGTH TEST OF GROUND SURFACE 420
4. WHEEL LIFE TEST 422
5. CONCLUSIONS 423
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 423
REFERENCES 423
Chapter 58. Process design in grinding of advanced ceramics 424
0. INTRODUCTION 424
1 AIM OF THE STUDY AND EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 424
2. RESULTS 425
Acknowledgement 429
References 429
Chapter 59. Effect of Diamond Surface Modification on Its Cutting Performance 430
1. INTRODUCTION 430
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 430
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 431
4. CONCLUSION 435
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 435
REFERENCES 435
Chapter 60. Electrocontact Discharge Dressing of Metal-Bonded Diamond Wheel for Surface Grinding 436
1. Introduction 436
2.Principle of rotary-electrode ECDD 436
3. ECDD equipment 437
4. Experimental procedures 438
5. Experimental results 438
6. Conclusions 441
Reference 441
Chapter 61. Efficient Grinding Technique Utilizing Electrolytic In-Process Dressing for Precision Machining of Hard Materials 442
1.INTRODUCTION 442
2.JELID-GRINDING PRINCIPLE 442
3.CONSTRUCTION OF ELK-TECHNIQUE 443
4.EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENTS 443
5.BEHAVIORS OF ELED-GRINDING 444
6.JEFFICDENT ELID-GRINDING PROPERTIES 444
7.MIRROR SURFACE ELID-GRINDING 446
8.CONCLUSIONS 447
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 447
REFERENCES 447
Chapter 62. Creep Feed Grinding of Nickel-Based Alloys with Advanced Corundum and with CBN-Grinding Wheels 448
1. INTRODUCTION AND PROBLEM 448
2. TEST CONDITIONS 449
3. RESULTS 449
4. SUMMARY 453
REFERENCES 453
Chapter 63. High Efficiency Finish Grinding by Helical Scan Grinding Method 454
1. INTRODUCTION 454
2. PROPOSAL OF HELICAL SCAN GRINDING METHOD 454
3. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND CONDITION 454
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 455
5. CONCLUSIONS 459
REFERENCES 459
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 459
Chapter 64. Detection of Regenerative Chatter Using Spectral Analysis 460
1. INTRODUCTION 460
2. EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS 460
3. METHOD OF DETECTION 461
4. FROM DYNAMIC CUTTING FORCES 463
5. SUMMARY 465
REFERENCES 465
Chapter 65. Diagnosing Cutting Tool Conditions in Milling Using Wavelet Transform 466
1. INTRODUCTION 466
2. WAVELET TRANSFORM THEORY 466
3. SIMULATED WAVELET ANALYSIS 468
4. EXPERIMENT 470
5. CONCLUSIONS 471
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 471
REFERENCES 471
Chapter 66. Application of Wavelet Analysis to Monitoring of Cutting Conditions in Milling 472
1. INTRODUCTION 472
2. EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE 472
3. METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS 473
4.EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND CONSIDERATIONS 476
5.CONCLUSIONS 477
REFERENCES 477
Chapter 67. Research on Monitoring the Failure of Cutting Tool in Deep-hole Drilling 478
ABSTRACT 478
1. INTRODUCTION 478
2. TESTING SYSTEM AND CONDITIONS 479
3. SIGNAL ANALYSIS 479
4. JUDGING BASIS 481
5. SUPERVISION SYSTEM 482
6. CONCLUSION 482
REFERENCES 482
Chapter 68. CHIP FORM MONITORING IN TURNING INTERNAL SURFACES WITH ACOUSTIC EMISSION USING THIN FILM SENSORS 483
Abstract 483
1. INTRODUCTION 483
2. AE DURING METAL CUTTING 483
3. THIN FILM SENSOR MANUFACTURING AND CONSTRUCTION 485
4. AE MEASUREMENTS IN TURNING INTERNAL SURFACES 485
5. CONCLUSIONS 488
REFERENCES 488
Chapter 69. Acoustic Emission Characteristics in Multipoint Scratching of Fine Ceramics 489
1. INTRODUCTION 489
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 490
3. RESULTS A N D DISCUSSION 490
4. CONCLUSIONS 494
Acknowledgment: 494
REFERENCES 494
Chapter 70. Parameter optimized strain analysis of machine components for sensor application 495
INTRODUCTION 495
1. MEASURING OF CUTTING FORCES 496
2. MEASURING OF CLAMPING FORCE 497
3. DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THE SENSOR SIGNAL 498
REFERENCES 499
Chapter 71. Simulation analysis of cutting performance of a three-dimensional cut-away tool 500
1. INTRODUCTION 500
2. BASIC ASPECTS OF SIMULATION 500
3. SIMULATION MODEL 501
4. SIMULATION RESULTS 502
5. DISCUSSION 503
6. CONCLUSIONS 505
Acknowledgments 505
REFERENCES 505
Chapter 72. Cutting Performance of Tools with Curved Rake Face 506
1. INTRODUCTION 506
2. NUMERICAL ANALYSIS 506
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 509
4. CONCLUSIONS 511
REFERENCES 511
Chapter 73. Spreading effect in ductile metal cutting 512
1. INTRODUCTION 512
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 512
3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 514
4. CONCLUSIONS 517
REFERENCES 517
Chapter 74. Development of high-performance end mill Shuji Minaminoa, Takahito Kurodaa, Kiyoshi Kishimotoa, Koichi Kitajimab and Masaki Kaido b 518
1. INTRODUCTION 518
2. HIGH-PERFORMANCE END MILL 518
3. CUTTING CHARACTERISTICS FOR VERY HARD MATERIALS 519
4. CUTTING CHARACTERISTICS IN HIGH SPEED CUTTING 522
5. CONCLUSIONS 523
REFERENCES 523
Chapter 75. Ceramics Cutting Tool Material Shulin Wen, Lars-Olov Nordberg *, Gunnar Svensson * and Thommy Ekstrom 524
1. INTRODUCTION 524
2.EXPERIMENTAL 524
3. RESULTS 525
4. Reinforce mechanism 526
Acknowledgement 527
REFERENCES 527
Chapter 76. Study on the Tool Wear of PCBN Face Milling Cutter 528
1. INTRODUCTION 528
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 528
3.TOOL WEAR APPEARANCE AND MECHANISM 529
4. DISCUSSION 532
5. CONCLUSIONS 533
REFERENCES 533
Chapter 77. Cutting of aramid fiber in A – GFRP composite 534
1. INTRODUCTION 534
2. EXPERIMENTAL WORK 534
3. CUTTING MODEL OF ARAMID FILAMENT 537
4. CONCLUSION 539
REFERENCES 539
Chapter 78. Machining of fibre and participate reinforced aluminium-based composites 540
1. INTRODUCTION 540
2. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 540
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 541
4. CONCLUSIONS 545
REFERENCES 545
Chapter 79. Machining of Particulate 2618 Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite Using Cemented Carbide Cutting Tools. 546
1. INTRODUCTION 546
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 546
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 548
4. CONCLUSIONS 550
REFERENCES 550
Chapter 80. Ultra Precision Diamond Cutting of Single Crystalline Silicon 553
1. INTRODUCTION 553
2. EXPERIMENT 553
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 554
4. CONCLUSIONS 557
REFERENCES 557
Chapter 81. High-speed end milling of Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn titanium alloy 558
1. INTRODUCTION 558
2. EXPERIMENTAL 558
3. RESULTS 559
4. DISCUSSION 560
5. CONCLUSIONS 563
Acknowledgments 563
REFERENCES 563
Chapter 82. DEEP HOLE PRECISION MACHINING METHOD OF DIFFICULT-TO-CUT MATERIALS 564
ABSTRACT 564
1. INTRODUCTION 564
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 565
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 566
4. CONCLUSIONS 568
REFERENCES 568
Chapter 83. A STUDY OF ROUND TIP-SAW TOOTH WEAR RESISTANCE ON THE CUTTING OF THIN-SHEET AUSTEBNITIC STAINLESS STEEL 569
1. INTRODUCTION 569
2.EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 569
3,RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 571
4.CONCLUSIONS 574
REFERENCES 574
Chapter 84. Architecture of Knowledge-Base and Management System for the Cylindrical Grinding Operations 576
1. INTRODUCTION 576
2. ESTABLISHMENT OF GRINDING CONDITIONS BASED UPON THE FUZZY LOGIC 576
3. EXAMPLES OF ESTABLISHMENT OF GRINDING CONDITIONS 577
4. IMPLEMENTATION RESULTS AND REMARKS 580
5. CONCLUSIONS 581
References 581
Chapter 85. Development of Grinding Support System GSX for Grinding Center 582
1. INTRODUCTION 582
2. SYSTEM LAYOUT OF GSX 582
3. CASE STUDY 586
4. CONCLUSION 587
REFERENCES 587
Chapter 86. Development of Learning System with Process Model Selection for Control of Ball-End Milling 588
1. INTRODUCTION 588
2. FRAMEWORK OF LEARNING SYSTEM WITH PROCESS MODEL SELECTION 588
3. SIMULATION BASED CONTROL 589
4. LEARNING SYSTEM WITH PROCESS MODEL SELECTION 591
5. EXPERIMENTAL DISCUSSION RESULTS AND 592
6. CONCLUSIONS 592
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 593
REFERENCES 593
Chapter 87. Tool Path Generation Considering Cutting Speed in Milling Geometric Simulation Yoshio MIZUGAKI and Minghui HAO 594
1. INTRODUCTION 594
2. OFFSET SURFACE GENERATION 594
3. CUTTING SPEED EVALUATION 597
4. TOOL PATH GENERATION IN ENHANCED Z-MAP MODEL 598
5. CONCLUSION 599
REFERENCES 599
Chapter 88. The Prediction of Effects of Cutting Condition on Mechanical Characteristics in Machined Layer 600
1. INTRODUCTION 600
2. OUTLINE OF SIMULATION 600
3. ANALYSIS 601
4. POSSIBILITY TO CONTROL RESIDUAL STRESS 604
5. CONCLUSIONS 605
REFERENCES 605
Chapter 89. Rigid-Plastic FEM Simulation of Chip Curling Process 606
1. INTRODUCTION 606
2. SIMULATION METHOD FOR CHIP CURLING PROCESS 607
3. SIMULATION CUSSION RESULTS AND DIS- 608
4. CHIP CURLING PROCESS OF AN AMORPHOUS METAL 610
5. CONCLUSIONS 611
REFERENCES 611
Chapter 90. Formation of grinding streaks by a single diamond abrasive grain in ultra high speed grinding 612
1. INTRODUCTION 612
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 612
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 614
4.CONCLUSION 617
REFERENCES 617
Chapter 91. Analysis of Ductile Mode Ground Surface of Optical Glass by Atomic Force Microscopy 618
1. INTRODUCTION 618
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 618
3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 619
4. CONCLUSION 623
REFERENCES 623
Chapter 92. Numerical analysis of residual stress in a ground surface layer 624
1. INTRODUCTION 624
2. NUMERICAL ANALYZING METHOD FOR A GIRDING PROCESS 624
3. RESULTS 627
4. CONCLUSION 629
REFERENCES 629
Chapter 93. LIMITATIONS FOR LUBRICATION-FREE GRINDING OF HARDENED STEEL 630
1. INTRODUCTION 630
2. FUNDAMENTALS 630
3. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 631
4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 632
5. CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK 635
REFERENCES 635
Chapter 94. Generation of curvature in surface grinding of thin steel plates with superabrasive wheels 636
1. INTRODUCTION 636
2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 636
3.CONCLUSION 641
REFERENCES 641
Chapter 95. Ultra-Precise Lapping of Magnetic Memory Disks with Automatic Conveyance 642
1. Introduction 642
2. Ultra-precise lapping machine for magnetic memory disks 642
3. Theory 643
4. Simulated results 645
5. Conclusions 647
Acknowledgement 647
Chapter 96. Development of High Efficiency Finish Polishing by Inclined Spindle Method with Abrasive Wheel Brush 648
1. INTRODUCTION 648
2. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND CONDITIONS 649
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 649
4. CONCLUSION 653
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 653
Chapter 97. Precise Polishing of 3D-Surface with an Elastic Conductive Tool by Utilizing Electrophoresis Phenomenon 654
1. INTRODUCTION 654
2. PROPOSAL OF A NEW POLISHING METHOD WITH AN ELASTIC TOOL 654
3. ELASTIC TOOL FOR 3D-CURVED SURFACE 655
4. EXPERIMENT AND RESULTS 655
5. CONCLUSIONS 659
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 659
REFERENCES 659
Chapter 98. Development on New Technology and Equipment of Dltraprecision Polishing Soft and Brittle Electronic Materials 660
1.INTRODUCTION 660
2.QUASI-CONTACT POLISHING AND ITS MECHANISM 661
3. QUASI-CONTACT ULTMPRECISION POLISHING EQUIPMENT 663
4. CONCLUSION 664
REFERENCES 665
Chapter 99. A New Liquid Dsed in Ultraprecision Polishing of InP wafer 666
1.INTRODUCTION 666
2. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY 667
3, CONCLUSIONS 670
REFERENCES 670
Chapter 100. Surface integrity of ultrasonic machined ceramics 671
1. INTRODUCTION 671
2. MECHANISM OF ULTRASONIC MACHINING 671
3. SURFACE INTEGRITY OF MACHINED CERAMIC AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION 672
4. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 674
5. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 674
6. CONCLUSION 676
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 676
REFERENCES 676
Part 4: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL MACHINING PROCESSES 678
Chapter 101. Boundary Characteristics of the Guided and Nonguided Discharge by an Excimer Laser 680
1. Introduction 680
2. Experimental setup 680
3. Experimental results and discussion 681
4. Conclusion 683
REFERENCES 683
Chapter 102. Simulated laser texturing using a modified electrical discharge arrangement 685
1. INTRODUCTION 685
2. SURFACE TEXTURE CHARACTERISTICS 686
3. EXPERIMENTAL WORK 688
4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 690
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 690
REFERENCES 690
Chapter 103. The effect of physical parameters on the fabrication of microstructures by photo polymerization 691
1. INTRODUCTION 691
2. THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF PATTERN TRANSFER 691
3. THE EFFECT OF THE PHYSICAL PARAMETERS 693
4. COMPARISON OF THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 694
5. FABRICATION OF HIGH ASPECT RATIO MICROSTRUCTURES 695
6. CONCLUSIONS 696
REFERENCES 696
Chapter 104. Machining behaviours of a liquid crystal polymer composite using Nd:YAG and Excimer lasers 697
1. INTRODUCTION 697
2. THEORETICAL ANALYSIS FOR Nd:YAG LASER DRILLING 697
3. PARAMETERS OPTIMISATION 699
4. EXCIMER LASER MACHINING 700
5. CONCLUSIONS 702
REFERENCES 702
Chapter 105. Ultra-precision processing of diamond with oxygen ion beams 703
1. INTRODUCTION 703
2.EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE 703
3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 704
4. SURFACE ROUGHNESS EVALUATION 706
5. CONCLUSIONS 707
REFERENCES 708
Chapter 106. Plasma Activated Powder Sintering for Rapid Net Shape Manufacturing - Principle, Control and Results - 709
1. INTRODUCTION 709
2. PLASMA ACTIVATED SINTERING (PAS) 709
3. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 710
4. EFFECTS OF PAS PROCESS 711
5. DISCUSSION 714
REFERENCES 714
Chapter 107. Study of a combined electrochemical-ultrasonic machining process 715
1. INTRODUCTION 715
2. ASPECTS OF MATERIAL REMOVAL 716
3. EXPERIMENTAL WORK 717
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 717
5. METALLURGICAL AND HOLE GEOMETRY STUDIES 719
6. CONCLUSIONS 721
Chapter 108. A general NC postprocessor for EDM machining based on the new ISO CLDATA standard 722
Abstract 722
1. Introduction 722
2, General overview of the developed NC postprocessor 722
3. The new CLDATA standard 724
4. Example of a postprocessor run 726
5. Important postprocessor functions 726
6. Conclusions 727
References 727
Chapter 109. Measurement of Energy Distribution into Electrodes in EDM Processes 728
1. Introduction 728
2. Method of determination of energy distribution 729
3. The measured energy distribution 731
4. Influence of the discharge conditions 732
5, Conclusion 733
Acknowledgements 733
References 733
Chapter 110. MEASUREMENT OF WIRE ELECTRODE TEMPERATURE IN WEDM PROCESSES USING THE DETECTION METHOD OF DISCHARGE LOCATIONS 734
1. INTRODUCTION 734
2. PRINCIPLE 734
3. Measurement of the wire temperature 738
4. CONCLUSIONS 739
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 739
REFERENCES 739
Chapter 111. THE ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING(EDM) OF SILICON CARBIDE USING A HYBRID GENERATOR. 740
1. INTRODUCTION 740
2. DIFFICULTIES OF MACHINING SiC 740
3. TEST METHODOLOGY 741
4. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONS 743
CONCLUDING REMARKS 743
REFERENCES 744
Chapter 112. Study on electrochemical effect in WEDM —HS 746
1. INTRODUCTION 746
2. ELECTROLYSIS EFFECT IN MACHINING 746
3. INFLUENCE OF ELECTROCHEMICAL FUNCTION ON ELECTRODE WEAR. 748
4. MECHANISM AND CHARACTERISTICS OF WEDM-HS 750
REFERENCES 750
CONCLUSIONS 750
Part 5: MEASUREMENT AND QUALITY ASSURANCE 752
Chapter 113. Defects in Silicon-Wafers - Characterisation and Prevention 754
Abstract: 754
1. INTRODUCTION 754
2. DEFECT TYPES 755
3. SUMMARY AND PROSPECTS 759
REFERENCES 759
Chapter 114. Automated inspection system for washings by a neural network 760
l.INIRCDXTICN 760
2,EXPERHVCNTAL AN/LYSES 761
3.CONS1RLXTICN OF THE NELRAL NERACRK AND THE VERIFICATION RESULTS 763
4.CONOLUSION 764
REFERENTS 765
Chapter 115. Optical Measurement of Micro-Topography of Ultra-Precision Manufactured Surfaces 766
1. INTRODUCTION 766
2. INTERFERENCE MICROSCOPE FOR MEASURING OF MICRO-TOPOGRAPHY 766
REFERENCES 770
Chapter 116. Quality Assurance in Turning by Tool Position and Surface Roughness Control 771
ABSTRACT 771
1. Introduction 771
2. Concept of Dimensional and Surface Roughness Control 771
3 . System Design 773
4. Experimental Apparatus 774
5. Experimental Results and Discussion 775
6. Conclusion 776
References 776
Chapter 117. "A New Model For Surface Roughness Assessment using a Single Point Tool" 777
1. Introduction 777
2. Theoretical analysis 778
3. Results 779
4. Discussion 780
5. Conclusion and future work 780
References 780
Chapter 118. Simultaneous Measuring Method of Geometric Errors in Machine Table Motion 784
ABSTRACT 784
1. INTRODUCTION 784
2. MEASURING PRINCIPLE 785
3. EVALUATION OF THE PROPRIETY OF MEASURING PRINCIPLE 786
4. CONCLUSIONS 789
REFERENCES 789
Chapter 119. An optical measurement system for evaluating the three orthogonal thermal displacements of a machine tool spindle in operation 790
1.INTRODUCTION 790
2.THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF MEASURING PRINCIPLE 790
3.0PTICAL SETUP FOR MEASURING THREE ORTHOGONAL SPINDLE DISPLACEMENTS 793
4.EXPERIMENTS AND DISCUSSION ON ACTUAL MACHINE TOOL 794
5. CONCLUDING REMARKS 795
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 795
REFERENCES 795
Chapter 120. Development and Application of Sensors for Brazing Robot 796
1. INTRODUCTION 796
2 OUTLINE OF THE BRAZING ROBOT 796
3 CONTROL SYSTEM 798
4 EASY OPERATION 800
5 EVALUATION EXPERIMENT 801
6 CONCLUSION 801
REFERENCES 801
Chapter 121. Form Evaluation Method for Composite Features Fumiki Tanaka and Takeshi Kishinami 802
1.INTRODUCTION 802
2. DEFINITION OF COMPOSITE FEATURES 802
3. COMPOSITE FEATURE EVALUATION METHOD 803
4. APPLICATION OF COMPOSITE FEATURES 806
5. CONCLUSIONS 807
REFERENCES 807
Chapter 122. Non-Destructive Measurement in Hardening Process 808
1. INTRODUCTION 808
2. PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD 808
3. THE MEASURING PROCEDURE 811
4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 811
5. CONCLUSION 812
REFERENCES 812
Chapter 123. A mechanics model for the adaptive control of the pressbrake forming process 813
1. INTRODUCTION 813
2. THEORETICAL ANALYSIS ON PRESSBRAKE 814
3. THE SPRINGBACK OF THE SHEET 816
4. DETERMINATION OF THE SHEET MATERIAL PARAMETERS 817
REFERENCES 818
Part 6: ASSEMBLY 820
Chapter 124. Assembly partitioning by genetic algorithm for generating assembly sequences efficiently 822
1. INTRODUCTION 822
2. PARTITION BY CUT SET 822
3. A METHOD FOR ASSIGNING WEIGHTS 823
4. GENERATION OF CUT SETS BY GENETIC ALGORITHM 825
5. CALCULATION EXAMPLE 826
6. CONCLUSION 827
REFERENCES 827
Chapter 125. Generation of Mechanical Evaluation Viewpoints Assembly Sequences Considering Different 828
1. INTRODUCTION 828
2. GENERATION OF DISASSEMBLY PRECEDENCE CONSTRAINTS 828
3. CALCULATING THE NUMBER OF DISASSEMBLY SEQUENCES 829
4. REDUCING THE NUMBER OF DISASSEMBLY SEQUENCES 831
5. GENERATION OF DISASSEMBLY SEQUENCES 832
6. EXAMPLE 832
7. CONCLUSION 833
References 833
Chapter 126. Computer Aided Evaluation of Assembly Sequences based on the Analysis of Methods Time Measurement and Design for Assembly 834
1. Introduction 834
2. Overview of the System 834
3. Representation of Assembly 835
4. Generation of Assembly Sequences 836
6. An Example of the Evaluation 838
7. Conclusion 839
Acknowledgement 839
References 839
Chapter 127. Combinatorial Optimization of Selective Assembly in Continuous Production 840
1. INTRODUCTION 840
2. MODEL OF ASSEMBLY PROCESS 841
3. NEW SELECTIVE ASSEMBLY METHOD 841
4. CONCLUSIONS 845
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 845
REFERENCES 845
Chapter 128. A Flexible Assembly Center (FAC) for a CIM environment: the concept 846
1. INTRODUCTION 846
2. MANUAL, ROBOTIZED AND FLEXIBLE ASSEMBLY 846
3. MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLY IN A CIM ENVIRONMENT 847
4. FROM CIM CONCEPTS TO FAC REQUIREMENTS AND FROM A FAC CONCEPT TO A NEW CIM ENVIRONMENT 849
5. THE BASIC CONCEPT OF THE FAC: FLEXIBILITY AND PRECISION 851
6. CONCLUSIONS 852
REFERENCES 852
Author Index 854

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 29.7.2016
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Informatik ► Theorie / Studium ► Künstliche Intelligenz / Robotik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Betriebswirtschaft / Management ► Logistik / Produktion
• ISBN-10: 1-4832-9663-6 / 1483296636
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4832-9663-0 / 9781483296630