Forest Ecosystems (eBook)

Analysis at Multiple Scales

Steven W. Running, Richard H. Waring (Autoren)

eBook Download: EPUB

2010 | 3. Auflage
440 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-054608-7 (ISBN)

Infos

This revision maintains the position of Forest Ecosystems as the one source for the latest information on the advanced methods that have enhanced our understating of forest ecosystems. Further understanding is given to techniques to explore the changes in climatic cycles, the implications of wide-scale pollution, fire and other ecological disturbances that have a global effect. The inclusion of models, equations, graphs, and tabular examples provides readers with a full understanding of the methods and techniques.
* Includes a revised section on important advances in regional scale analyses
* Features an update to global scale analyses including revised color images
* Provides a detailed comparison of predicted vs. observed tree diversity across 65 eco-regions
* New companion website includes modeling software exercises and tutorials and video clips

www.fsl.orst.edu/-waring/ Dr. Waring is an accomplished writter and professor of forest science. His notable publications include the first edition of Forest Ecosystems written in 1985. Waring, R.H. and W.H. Schlesinger. 1985. Forest ecosystems: Concepts and management. Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, FL. 338 p

Inhalt

Front cover 1
Forest Ecosystems: Analysis at Multiple Scales, Third Edition 4
Copyright page 5
Table of Contents 8
PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION 12
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION 14
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION 16
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 18
CHAPTER 1: Forest Ecosystem Analysis at Multiple Time and Space Scales 22
I. INTRODUCTION 22
II. THE SCIENTIFIC DOMAIN OF FOREST ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS 23
III. THE SPACE/TIME DOMAIN OF ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS 25
IV. TIME AND SPACE SCALING FROM THE STAND/SEASONAL LEVEL 31
V. MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS OF ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS 35
VI. RELATED TEXTBOOKS 37
VII. WEB SITE FOR UPDATED MATERIALS 37
SECTION I: Introduction to Analysis of Seasonal Cycles of Water, Carbon, and Minerals through Forest Stands 38
CHAPTER 2: Water Cycle 40
I. INTRODUCTION 40
II. HEAT AND WATER VAPOR TRANSFER FROM VEGETATION 42
III. WATER FLOW THROUGH TREES 55
IV. WATER STORAGE AND LOSSES FROM SNOW 67
V. WATER FLOW ACROSS AND THROUGH SOIL 71
VI. COUPLED WATER BALANCE MODELS 73
VII. SUMMARY 78
CHAPTER 3: Carbon Cycle 80
I. INTRODUCTION 80
II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 83
III. AUTOTROPHIC RESPIRATION 88
IV. HETEROTROPHIC RESPIRATION 92
V. MODELING PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 97
VI. NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION AND ALLOCATION 103
VII. COMPARISON OF FOREST ECOSYSTEM MODELS 117
VIII. SUMMARY 119
CHAPTER 4: Mineral Cycles 120
I. INTRODUCTION 120
II. PLANT PROCESSES AFFECTING NUTRIENT CYCLING 121
III. SOURCES OF NUTRIENTS 132
IV. SOIL AND LITTER PROCESSES 140
V. MASS BALANCE AND MODELS OF MINERAL CYCLES 159
VI. SUMMARY 165
SECTION II: Introduction to Temporal Scaling 166
CHAPTER 5: Temporal Changes in Forest Structure and Function 170
I. INTRODUCTION 170
II. STRUCTURAL STAGES IN STAND DEVELOPMENT 172
III. FUNCTIONAL RESPONSES OF STANDS AT DIFFERENT STAGES IN DEVELOPMENT 180
IV. LOOKING BACK IN TIME 183
V. ECOSYSTEM MODELS, PROJECTIONS FORWARD IN TIME 189
VI. SUMMARY 201
CHAPTER 6: Susceptibility and Response of Forests to Disturbance 204
I. INTRODUCTION 204
II. BIOTIC FACTORS 205
III. ABIOTIC FACTORS 224
IV. SUMMARY 239
COLOR PLATE 242
SECTION III: Introduction to Spatial Scaling and Spatial/Temporal Modeling 244
CHAPTER 7: Spatial Scaling Methods for Landscape and Regional Ecosystem Analysis 248
I. INTRODUCTION 248
II. ABIOTIC SITE VARIABLES 254
III. PROVIDING THE DRIVING VARIABLES, CLIMATOLOGY 259
IV. DESCRIBING THE ECOSYSTEM 266
V. SPATIALLY EXPLICIT LANDSCAPE PATTERN ANALYSIS 280
VI. DATA LAYER INCONSISTENCIES 282
VII. SUMMARY 282
COLOR PLATE 284
CHAPTER 8: Regional and Landscape Ecological Analysis 288
I. INTRODUCTION 288
II. HORIZONTAL CONNECTIONS: BIOTIC ANALYSIS OF FOREST PATTERNS 289
COLOR PLATE 296
III. VERTICAL CONNECTIONS: FOREST–ATMOSPHERE INTERACTIONS 307
IV. VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL CONNECTIONS: REGIONAL BIOGEOCHEMISTRY 309
V. SUMMARY 323
CHAPTER 9: The Role of Forests in Global Ecology 326
I. INTRODUCTION 326
II. GLOBAL FOREST DISTRIBUTION 327
III. FOREST–CLIMATE INTERACTIONS 335
IV. FORESTS IN THE GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE 338
V. FORESTS AND BIODIVERSITY 345
VI. SUSTAINABILITY OF GLOBAL FORESTS 349
VII. SUMMARY 350
CHAPTER 10: Advances in Eddy-Flux Analyses, Remote Sensing, and Evidence of Climate Change 352
I. INTRODUCTION 352
II. EDDY-COVARIANCE FLUXES 353
III. NEW REMOTE SENSING OF FORESTS 363
IV. CLIMATE CHANGE AND FORESTS 374
EPILOGUE 380
BIBLIOGRAPHY 382
INDEX 444
COLOR PLATE 456

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 27.7.2010
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Sachbuch/Ratgeber ► Natur / Technik ► Natur / Ökologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Botanik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geografie / Kartografie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft
• Themenwelt: Weitere Fachgebiete ► Land- / Forstwirtschaft / Fischerei
• ISBN-10: 0-08-054608-0 / 0080546080
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-054608-7 / 9780080546087