Planting the Seeds of Hope (eBook)

Indiana County Extension Agents During the Great Depression and World War II

Frederick Whitford (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2023
757 Seiten
Purdue University Press (Verlag)
978-1-61249-858-4 (ISBN)

Infos

The Great Depression of the 1930s nearly brought the agricultural community to a standstill. As markets went into an economic freefall, farmers who had suffered through a post–World War I economic depression in the 1920s would now struggle to produce crops, livestock, and other commodities that could return more than the cost to produce them.

In Indiana, the county agents of the Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service saw this desperation firsthand. As they looked into the worried faces of the people they were asked to assist, the trust they had worked to build in their communities during the previous two decades would be put to the test. Throughout the painful years of the Great Depression, the county agents would stand side by side with Hoosier farmers, relying on science-based advice and proven strategies to help them produce more bushels per acre, more pigs per litter, more gallons of milk per cow, and more eggs per chicken.

Then, as the decade drew to a close, the start of World War II in Europe soon placed farmers on the frontlines at home, producing the agricultural commodities needed in the United States and in war-torn locations abroad. The federal government quickly called on county agents to push farmers to meet historic production quotas—not an easy task with farm machinery, tires, and fuel rationed, and a severe labor shortage resulting from farm workers being drafted for military service or opting for higher-paying jobs in factories.

Using the observations and reports of county agents, Planting the Seeds of Hope offers a behind-the-scenes look at what it was like to live through these historic events in rural Indiana. The agents’ own words and numerous accompanying photographs provide a one-of-a-kind perspective that brings their stories and those of the agricultural community they served to life at a pivotal time in American history.

Inhalt

Part 1: Pioneering a New Field of Work (1887–1928)

1 Neither the Agent nor His Farmer-Constituents Knew Very Much About What to Expect of One Another

Part 2: Outlasting the Great Depression (1929–1939)

2 The Shattering, Sledge Hammer Economic Blows of the Depression

3 Building Support Through Advisory Boards

4 Does the County Agent Do Anybody or Group of Farmers Any Good or Justify His Expense?

5 Live Out of the Garden, the Smoke House, and Cellar

6 Cash Is the One Article That Is Scarcest and Hardest to Get

7 The Man With the High-Producing Soil, Hen, Cow, and Sow That Kept Operating Expense Down Was Able to Return a Profit

8 Farmers Hanging On by a Mere Thread Reached Out for Benefit Payments to Save Their Farms

Photographs

9 Conservation of Soil Is the Solution on Which Will Hang Future Extension Activities

10 Erosion Is One of the Major Problems Which Must Be Faced

11 Land Use Planning Not Altogether a New Idea

12 Extension Work Interrupted by Extreme Droughts and Flood

13 There Is Convenience and Satisfaction of Flipping a Switch and Getting Light

14 Shall I Sell One Team on a Four-Horse Farm and Buy a Tractor?

15 The Average Farmer Has Not Learned the Principles of Economic Uses of Wood Lots

16 Hybrid Corn Is With Us to Stay Until Something Is Found to Take Its Place

17 The Necessity of Knowing the Soil Before a Good Crop Can Be Produced

18 Growing Wheat Is One Thing and Growing Quality Wheat Is Another

Photographs

19 Farmers on the Lookout for Some New or Different Crop That Offers More Promise for Fair Returns

20 Not More Cows but Fewer and Better Dairy Cows Is the Imperative Need

21 Sheep Have a Place on Most Every Farm

22 Runts and Diseased Pigs Seldom Lift the Mortgage

23 A Bushel Basket of Eggs Brings In as Much Money as 100 Bushels of Corn

24 The Life of an Extension Worker Is an Honorable Occupation and an Interesting One

Photographs

Part 3: Soldiers of the Soil During World War II (1940–1945)

25 Fitting the Extension Program to Wartime Conditions Has Required Some “Give and Take”

26 The County Agent Is Expected to Be a Walking Encyclopedia on Government Programs

27 Production Goals That Looked Impossible Were Reached

28 Higher Hog, Dairy, and Poultry Prices Created an Interest Like Never Before

29 For Patriotic Reasons as well as for Profit, Acreage Has Been Expanded

30 Tomatoes Have Become a Major Crop

31 The Total Increase in Home Production and Consumption Would Be a Staggering Amount of Food

32 The Armed Forces Have Taken 1,500 Men, Including Farmers. Why Wouldn’t It Create Many Problems?

33 All Agricultural Workers Seeking Employment in Industrial Factories Must Have a Statement of Transfer From the County Agent

34 Farm Women and Children Will Ride the Machinery to the Desired 10 Percent Increase in Production of Meat, Milk, and Eggs

Photographs

35 Explaining the Red Tape That Farmers Must Go Through to Get Electricity

36 Machinery Will Need to Be Replaced Before the Supply of Baling Wire Is Exhausted

37 Patriotic Duty to Get the Most Possible Mileage From Tires

38 Farmers Were Second Only to the Army in Needing Fuel

39 Extension Meetings Will Be Curtailed Due to Gas Rationing, Thin Tires, and Busier People

40 School Children of America! Help Save Your Fathers’, Brothers’, and Neighbors’ Lives by Collecting Milkweed Pods

41 American Hemp Will Go On Duty Again

42 Draining the Woodlots of the Larger Oaks, Walnuts, Maples, and Sycamores

43 Think More of the Soil as a Heritage to Be Conserved and Passed On to Those Who Follow

Photographs

Part 4: Beyond World War II (1945–1946)

44 Boys Are Having a Hard Time Making “Fox Hole” Dreams Come True

45 Effort Must Be Directed Toward Building for the Future

Photographs

Epilogue Now as Never Before Farmers Have Put Into Use Many Practices Advocated by the Extension Service

Notes

Works Cited

Index

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 15.4.2023
• Reihe/Serie: The Founders Series
• Reihe/Serie: The Founders Series
• Verlagsort: West Lafayette
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Geschichte ► Allgemeine Geschichte
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Geschichte ► Regional- / Ländergeschichte
• Themenwelt: Geschichte ► Teilgebiete der Geschichte ► Wirtschaftsgeschichte
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Betriebswirtschaft / Management ► Projektmanagement
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Betriebswirtschaft / Management ► Unternehmensführung / Management
• Themenwelt: Weitere Fachgebiete ► Land- / Forstwirtschaft / Fischerei
• Schlagworte: 4-H • Adult Education • Agriculture • county agents • County Extension • electricity • Extension Agents • Extension Office • Farmers • FFA • Gardening • Great Depression • HEMP • History • hybrid corn • Indiana • Midwest • milkweed • Poultry • Tractors • woodlots • World War II
• ISBN-10: 1-61249-858-2 / 1612498582
• ISBN-13: 978-1-61249-858-4 / 9781612498584