Environmental Pest Management (eBook)

Challenges for Agronomists, Ecologists, Economists and Policymakers

Moshe Coll, Eric Wajnberg (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2017
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
9781119255567 (ISBN)

Infos

A wide-ranging, interdisciplinary exploration of key topics that interrelate pest management, public health and the environment

This book takes a unique, multidimensional approach to addressing the complex issues surrounding pest management activities and their impacts on the environment and human health, and environmental effects on plant protection practices.

It features contributions by a distinguished group of authors from ten countries, representing an array of disciplines. They include plant protection scientists and officers, economists, agronomists, ecologists, environmental and public health scientists and government policymakers. Over the course of eighteen chapters, those experts share their insights into and analyses of an array of issues of vital concern to everyone with a professional interest in this important subject.

The adverse effects of pest control have become a subject of great concern worldwide, and researchers and enlightened policymakers have at last begun to appreciate the impact of environmental factors on our ability to manage pest populations. Moreover, while issues such as pesticide toxicity have dominated the global conversation about pest management, economic and societal considerations have been largely neglected. Environmental Pest Management: Challenges for Agronomists, Ecologists, Economists and Policymakers is the first work to provide in-depth coverage of all of these pressing issues between the covers of one book.

• Offers a unique multi-dimensional perspective on the complex issues surrounding pest management activities and their effect on the environment and human health
• Addresses growing concerns about specific pest management strategies, including the use of transgenic crops and biological controls
• Analyses the influence of global processes, such as climate change, biological invasions and shifts in consumer demand, and ecosystem services and disservices on pest suppression efforts
• Explores public health concerns regarding biodiversity, pesticide use and food safety
• Identifies key economic drivers of pest suppression research, strategies and technologies
• Proposes new regulatory approaches to create sustainable and viable crop protection systems in the framework of agro-environmental schemes

Offering a timely and comprehensively-unique treatment of pest management and its environmental impacts in a single, inter-disciplinary volume, this book is a valuable resource for scientists in an array of disciplines, as well as government officials and policymakers. Also, teachers of undergraduate and graduate level courses in a variety of fields are sure to find it a highly useful teaching resource. 

Moshe Coll, PhD, Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, is an applied ecologist with more than a quarter century of experience researching herbivore-plant interactions, predator-prey dynamics in agricultural and natural habitats, and biological and integrated pest control.

Eric Wajnberg, PhD, INRA, Sophia Antipolis, France, is a population biologist specialising in population genetics, behavioural ecology and statistical modelling. An expert in biological pest control, he has studied insect parasitoids for thirty years.

Inhalt

Title Page 5
Copyright Page 6
Contents 7
List of Contributors 13
Preface 17
Chapter 1 Environmental Pest Management: A Call to Shift from a Pest?Centric to a System?Centric Approach 19
1.1 Introduction 19
1.2 Modern Developments in Pest Control 19
1.3 The Disillusionment with Integrated Pest Management 21
1.4 A Call for Environmental Pest Management 29
Acknowledgements 31
References 31
Part I General Background 37
Chapter 2 Approaches in Plant Protection: Science, Technology, Environment and Society 39
2.1 Introduction 39
2.2 History of Plant Protection Approaches 40
2.3 Integrated Pest Management: What Does it Take? 49
2.4 Transforming Agriculture Systems for IPM 59
Acknowledgments 61
References 61
Chapter 3 The Economics of Alternative Pest Management Strategies: Basic Assessment 73
3.1 Introduction 73
3.2 Economic Decisions at Farm Level Based on Threshold Models Assuming Use of a Given Pest Control Technique and Certainty 74
3.3 Uncertainties and Economic Decisions at Farm Level About Pest Control: Assumes a Given Pest Control Technique and Applies the Threshold Approach 78
3.4 Choice of Alternative Pest Control Techniques at Farm Level Assuming Certainty 82
3.5 The Economics of the Timing of Pest Control and the Optimal Choice of Techniques Given Uncertainty 84
3.6 A Note on Biological Pest Control 88
3.7 Discussion of the Modelling of the Economics of Pest Management at the Farm Level 89
3.8 Concluding Comments 91
References 91
Part II Impact of Pest Management Practices on the Environment 95
Chapter 4 Effects of Chemical Control on the Environment 97
4.1 Introduction 97
4.2 Pesticides in Agriculture 97
4.3 Impacts of Pesticides on the Environment 101
4.4 Concluding Remarks 112
References 113
Chapter 5 Environmental Impacts of Arthropod Biological Control: An Ecological Perspective 123
5.1 Introduction 123
5.2 The ‘Invasion’ Process of Establishing Non?native Biocontrol Agents 124
5.3 Ecological Processes Underlying the Environmental Impact of Biocontrol 125
5.4 Ecological Impact Assessment and Cost–benefit Analysis 129
5.5 Case Study I: Biocontrol of Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis) 130
5.6 Case Study II: Biocontrol of Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) 133
5.7 Concluding Remarks 137
Acknowledgements 138
References 138
Chapter 6 Effects of Transgenic Crops on the Environment 149
6.1 Range and Scope of Transgenic Crops 149
6.2 Conceptual Framework 150
6.3 Primary Effects 150
6.4 Secondary Effects 152
6.5 Tertiary Effects: Broader Spatial and Temporal Scales 155
6.6 Quantifying Risks and Benefits of Transgenic Traits 158
6.7 Variation Among Countries in Risk Assessment and Management 161
6.8 Conclusions 161
References 162
Part III Influence of Unmanaged Habitats on Pest Management 169
Chapter 7 Ecosystem Services Provided by Unmanaged Habitats in Agricultural Landscapes 171
7.1 Introduction 171
7.2 Global Importance of Arthropod Natural Enemies in Pest Management 173
7.3 Importance of Multitrophic Interactions to Biological Pest Control 174
7.4 Importance of Unmanaged Vegetation for Biological Control 176
7.5 Landscape Use to Maximize Biological Control 181
7.6 Conclusions 182
References 183
Chapter 8 The Role of Ecosystem Disservices in Pest Management 193
8.1 Introduction 193
8.2 EDS and Unmanaged Habitats 196
8.3 Landscape Context and the EDS from Unmanaged Habitats 204
8.4 Managing for EDS from Unmanaged Habitats 206
8.5 Conclusions and Future Research 207
References 208
Part IV Effects of Global Changes on Pest Management 213
Chapter 9 Effect of Climate Change on Insect Pest Management 215
9.1 Introduction 215
9.2 Observed Climate Changes Influencing Agro-Ecosystems 216
9.3 Insect Responses to Climate Change 216
9.4 Overview of Insect Pests in Agro?Ecosystems and Climate Change 220
9.5 How Climate Change and Insect Responses May Affect Various Ecological Processes Important for Plant Protection 225
9.6 Climate Change and IPM Approaches 228
9.7 Directions for Future Research 232
Acknowledgements 232
References 233
Chapter 10 Effects of Biological Invasions on Pest Management 243
10.1 Invasion Science 243
10.2 Invasions – A Natural Process? 251
10.3 Perception and Value of Introduced and Invasive Alien Species 252
10.4 When to Act, and Why? 253
10.5 How Best to Control Invasive Species? 253
10.6 Case Studies 254
10.7 Conclusions 256
Acknowledgements 258
References 258
Part V Pest Control and Public Health 267
Chapter 11 Pesticides and Human Health 269
11.1 Introduction 269
11.2 Human Exposure to Pesticides 269
11.3 Acute Toxicity 272
11.4 Chronic Human Health Effects 275
11.5 Conclusions 283
References 284
Chapter 12 Human Health Concerns Related to the Consumption of Foods from Genetically Modified Crops 293
12.1 History of GM Foods and Associated Food Safety Concerns 293
12.2 Status and Commercial Traits Regarding Genetically Modified Organisms 295
12.3 The Bases for Unintended Health Risks 299
12.4 Guidelines and Approaches Used for Risk Assessment of GM Foods 300
12.5 Recent Research on in vivo Evaluation of GM Foods Consumption 301
12.6 Shortcomings and Research Needs in the Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Foods 304
12.7 Conclusion 308
References 308
Part VI Policies Related to Environmental Pest Management 315
Chapter 13 Effectiveness of Pesticide Policies: Experiences from Danish Pesticide Regulation 1986–2015 317
13.1 Introduction 317
13.2 Denmark – a Pioneer in Pesticide Policies 318
13.3 Effects 324
13.4 Comparing Denmark to the EU and Internationally 333
13.5 Conclusion 337
References 337
Chapter 14 Impacts of Exotic Biological Control Agents on Non-target Species and Biodiversity: Evidence, Policy and Implications 343
14.1 Environmental Safety of Biological Control 343
14.2 Legislation and Regulation of Biological Control 345
14.3 Risk Assessment 347
14.4 Postrelease Validation of Predicted Outcomes 355
14.5 Implications of Biological Control Regulation Policy: What has it Meant for Biological Control Practice? 357
14.6 The Future for Biological Control Regulation 358
Acknowledgements 359
References 359
Chapter 15 Pesticides in Food Safety versus Food Security 365
15.1 Introduction 365
15.2 Use of Plant Protection Products in Farming Systems 366
15.3 Food Security in a Changing World 371
15.4 Food Safety and Pesticides in a Global Market 374
15.5 Towards Sustainability 380
15.6 Conclusion 382
References 382
Chapter 16 External Costs of Food Production: Environmental and Human Health Costs of Pest Management 387
16.1 Introduction: Pesticide Externalities 387
16.2 Background: The Impact of Pesticide Use 388
16.3 The Challenge in Estimating Externalities from Pesticide Use 391
16.4 Externality Estimation Methods 393
16.5 Overview of Existing Studies on Externalities of Pesticides 394
16.6 Integrated Pest Management 396
16.7 The Role of Information 397
16.8 Conclusion 398
References 399
Chapter 17 The Role of Pest Management in Driving Agri-environment Schemes in Switzerland 403
17.1 Introduction 403
17.2 Policy Context of the Swiss Agricultural Sector 404
17.3 Ecological Focus Areas for Biodiversity Protection 406
17.4 Ecosystem Service Provision as a New Paradigm 412
17.5 Conclusion 416
References 417
Part VII Concluding Remarks, Take-Home Messages and a Call for Action 423
Chapter 18 Environmental Pest Management: The Need for Long-term Governmental Commitment 425
18.1 The Prevalence of a Pest?centric, Bottom?up Approach to Pest Control 425
18.2 The Main Messages Presented in this Volume 426
18.3 The Role of Governments in Pest Management 430
18.4 Characteristics of Top?down, Environmental Pest Management 432
References 434
Index 437
EULA 451

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 25.7.2017
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Prävention / Gesundheitsförderung
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Technische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• Themenwelt: Weitere Fachgebiete ► Land- / Forstwirtschaft / Fischerei
• Schlagworte: Agriculture • agrochemicals • Agrochemikalien • Allg. Public Health • alternative pest control strategies • behavioural ecology • behavioural ecology and pest management • biocontrol agents and pest control • biological pest control • chemical ecology • Chemie • Chemistry • climate change and pest management • economics of alternative pest management strategies • economics of pest management • environmental effects of herbicides • environmental impact of pesticides • environmental pest management • Gesundheits- u. Sozialwesen • Health & Social Care • insect invasions • Landwirtschaft • monocultures and pest management • pesticide public policy • pesticide regulations • pesticides and food safety • pesticides and public health • pesticides and the environment • Pesticide toxicity • Pest management • pest management and public health • pest management policy • pest management research • Pests, Diseases & Weeds • plant protection techniques • Public Health General • Schädlinge, Krankheiten u. Unkräuter • transgenic crops • transgenic crops and pest management • Transgenics
• ISBN-13: 9781119255567 / 9781119255567