Symbiosis in Fishes (eBook)

The Biology of Interspecific Partnerships

Ilan Karplus (Autor)

eBook Download: EPUB | PDF

2014
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
9781118759271 (ISBN)

Infos

Symbiosis in Fishes provides comprehensive coverage of the biology of partnerships between fishes and invertebrates, ascending the phylogenetic scale, from luminescent bacteria, sponges and coelenterates to molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms. Both facultative and obligatory partnerships are reviewed with emphasis on the behavioral, ecological and evolutionary aspects of fish symbiosis. Each of the eight chapters of this book focuses on a different group of partners. The structure, physiology and anti-predatory strategies of each group are described to provide the necessary background for the understanding of their partnerships with fishes. The formation of the associations, the degree of partner specificity and its regulation, as well as the benefits and costs for the fishes and their associates, communication between partners and their possible co-evolution are discussed in each chapter.

This is the first attempt to critically review in a single volume all associations of fishes with invertebrates based on the latest studies in these areas, together with studies published many years ago and little cited since then.

Symbiosis in Fishes provides a huge wealth of information that will be of great use and interest to many life scientists including fish biologists, ecologists, ethologists, aquatic scientists, physiologists and evolutionary biologists. It is hoped that the contents of the book will stimulate many to further research, to fill in the gaps in our knowledge in this fascinating and important subject. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where biological sciences are studied and taught should have copies of this exciting book.

Professor Ilan Karplus is a retired Senior Researcher of the Aquaculture Research Unit of the Volcani Research Center, Israel. Over the last 30 years, Ilan has extensively studied interspecific associations between gobies and alpheid shrimps, predator recognition among reef fishes, and social control of growth in fishes and crustaceans. Ilan developed new techniques for edible and ornamental fish guidance by training, social facilitation and by taking advantage of innate behavioral responses to allow sorting by computer vision.

Inhalt

Symbiosis in FishesThe Biology of Interspecific Partnerships 5
Copyright 6
Contents 7
Preface 12
Introduction 13
One The Associations between Fishes and Luminescent Bacteria 18
Luminescent Bacteria 18
Symbiotic Luminescent Bacteria in Fish Light Organs 20
Flashlight Fishes 23
Taxonomy and Distribution 23
The Light Organs 25
The Eye and the Light Organ 29
Reproduction, Larval and Light Organ Development 30
The Photophobic Response 32
The Use of Light by Flashlight Fishes 33
School Formation 34
Territorial Defense 34
Sexual Signaling 34
Deep Sea Ceratioid Anglerfishes 36
Structure, Diversity and Distribution 36
Reproductive Strategies 37
Facultative Sexual Parasitism 41
Light Organ Structure and Development: Light and the Mechanisms Controlling its Emission 41
The Use of Lures by Anglerfishes 46
Ponyfishes 49
Structure, Distribution and Taxonomy 49
The Light Organ System (LOS) and Diversity of the Generated Light Patterns 50
Sex-Specific Signaling 55
Inception of the Association between Luminescent Bacteria and Ponyfishes 55
Sexual Dimorphism of the LOS, Sex-Specific Signaling and the Role of Sexual Selection in the Evolution of Leiognathid Fishes 56
Specificity of the Partnerships between Luminescent Bacteria and Fishes 59
Optimization of the Benefits to Fishes from their Association with Bacteria 60
The Evolution of the Partnerships between Fishes and Luminescent Bacteria 61
References 64
TWO The Associations between Fishes and Sponges 70
Sponges 70
Predator Deterrence by Sponges 71
Multiple Species Assemblages in Sponges 73
Obligatory Fish Symbionts and Adaptations for Living in Association with Sponges 74
Nutrition, Reproduction and Sponge Occupation by Obligatory Symbiotic Fishes 80
Partner Specificity and Sponge Sharing by Obligatory Symbiotic Fishes 81
Evolution of the Partnership Between Obligatory Fish Symbionts and Sponges 82
Sponges as Living Incubators of Fish Eggs 84
Facultative Partnerships Between Fishes and Sponges 86
References 87
THREEThe Associations between Fishes and Anthozoans 91
Sea Anemones 91
The Stinging Cells and their Release Mechanism 92
Obligatory Associations with Sea Anemones of Fishes of the Genera Amphiprion and  Premnas 93
The Taxonomy, Distribution and Ecology of Host Sea Anemones and their Associated Fishes 93
The Protection of Anemone Fishes from Sea Anemones 98
Recognition, Attraction to and Selection of Sea Anemones by Anemone Fishes 105
Partner Specificity 116
Host Preference 118
Competitive Interactions 118
Stochastic Processes 121
Habitat Preference 121
Geographical Overlap 121
Protection from Sea Anemones 121
Species Coexistence 122
Adaptations of Anemone Fishes for Living with Sea Anemones 123
Protandric Sex Reversal 123
Monogamy and Mate Recognition 126
Step-fathering 130
Social Control of Growth and the Tolerance ofNonbreeders by the Breeders 130
Fish Territoriality, Aggressionand the Sea Anemone 133
Limited Larval Dispersal and NatalRecruitment 136
Benefits and Costs to Anemone Fishes and Sea Anemones from being Associated and their Short-term Mutual Impacts 140
The Evolution of the Anemone Fish–Sea Anemone Partnership 146
The Facultative Associations Between Fishes and Sea Anemones 147
Protection from Sea Anemones 152
Partner Specificity 153
Settlement and Recruitment of D. trimaculatus to Sea Anemones 154
The Sharing of Sea Anemones with Anemone Fishes 155
Benefits and Costs to Facultative Fish Partners and Sea Anemones 156
The Associations Between Fishes and Scleractinian Corals 157
Scleractinian Corals 157
Microhabitat Selection by Coral Dwelling Fishes 158
Adaptations to Habitat by Coral Dwelling Gobies 169
Small Size and Morphology 169
Noxious Skin 170
Hypoxia Tolerance and Air Breathing 170
Bidirectional Sex Reversal 171
Monogamy 173
Social Control of Growth 174
Multiple Species Assemblages Involving Coral Dwelling Gobies and Crustaceans 176
Benefits and Costs to Fishes and Corals for being Associated 181
Benefits to Fishes 181
Benefits to Corals 189
Social Structure and Mating System Evolution in Coral Dwelling Damselfishes of the genus Dascyllus 193
References 198
Four The Associations between Fishes and Siphonophores 214
Siphonophores 214
Physalia physalis?the Portuguese Man-of-War 215
Fishes Associated with Siphonophores other than Physalia physalis 216
Fishes Associated with Physalia physalis 219
References 221
Five The Associations between Fishes and Scyphozoan Medusae 224
Scyphozoan medusae 224
Predation on Scyphozoan Medusae and their Structural and Behavioral Antipredator Defenses 226
Fishes Associated with Scyphozoan Medusae 227
The Protection of Fishes from Scyphozoan Medusae 229
Recognition and Attraction to Scyphozoan Medusae by Associated Fishes 229
Partner Specificity, Duration of the Medusa–Fish Bond and the Effects of the Medusae Size on the Associated Fishes 231
Benefits and Costs to Fishes and Medusae from being Associated 233
The Effects of Medusae on Fish Recruitment 237
The Association of Fishes with Floating Objects and the Fish–Medusa Partnership 238
References 239
Six The Associations between Fishes and Molluscs 242
The Association between Fishes and Cephalopods 242
Cephalopods 242
Octopus Dens, Foraging and Antipredatory Behavior 243
Scavenging Fishes Associated with Octopus Dens 245
Fishes Associated with Foraging Octopuses 246
Octopuses and Cleaning Symbiosis 250
Transport Associations between Octopuses and Fishes 251
Fishes Associated with Squid Schools 251
The Association between Fishes and Gastropods 253
Gastropods 253
Predation on Conchs, Antipredatory Strategies and Foraging in Conchs 253
The Association between Cardinal Fishes and Conchs 254
The Association between Nudibranchs and Gobiid Fishes 257
The Association between a Pearlfish and an Opisthobranch Gastropod 258
The Association between Fishes and Bivalves 258
Bivalves 258
The Glochidia Larvae of Freshwater Musselsand their Host Fishes 259
Bitterlings and their FreshwaterMussel Hosts 260
Attraction of the European Bitterling toMussels and Choice of Oviposition Sites 262
Adaptations of Bitterling for DevelopmentInside Freshwater Mussels 264
Male Reproductive Behavior and the Mussel 266
Female Reproductive Behaviorand the Mussel 269
Host Utilization by SympatricBitterling Species 272
Costs and Benefits for the Mussel andPossible Coevolution of the Bitterling–MusselPartnership 275
Pearl Fishes Associated with Bivalves 277
The Association of Snailfish and Red Hake with Sea Scallops 277
References 281
Seven The Associations between Fishes and Crustaceans 288
The Associations between Fishes and Cleaner Shrimps 288
Cleaning Symbiosis and Shrimp 288
Taxonomy, Morphology, Coloration and Distribution of Cleaner Shrimp 288
Cleaner Shrimp Activity 299
Associations between Cleaner Shrimp and Sea Anemones 300
Communication between Fishes and Cleaner Shrimp 304
Removal of Parasites versus Mucus by Cleaner Shrimp 306
Costs and Benefits for Cleaner Shrimp and Fish Clients and the Proximate Mechanisms for Cleaning 308
The Evolution of the Cleaner Shrimp–Fish Partnership 310
Feeding associations between fishes and crustaceans 311
Mixed Species Schools of Fishes and Crustaceans 312
Liparid Fishes Associated with Lithodid Crabs 313
The Associations between Fishes and Burrowing Brachyuran Crabs 315
Gobiid Fishes Associated with Burrowing Thalassinid Shrimp 317
Thalassinid Shrimp and their Burrows 317
The Facultative Association of Clevelandia ios with Callianassa californiensis and Upogebia pugettensis 319
The Obligatory Association of the Blind Goby Typhlogobius californiensis with Callianassa affinis 323
The Obligatory Association of  Austrolethops wardi with Neaxius acanthus 325
The Obligatory Association of Didogobius amicuscardis with Axiopsis serratifrons 326
Gobiid Fishes Associated with Burrowing Alpheid Shrimps 328
Systematics of Gobies and Shrimps 328
Biogeography 330
Diet and Feeding Behavior 331
Habitat Specificity 334
Population Structure and Dynamics 336
Burrow Structure, Construction and Dynamics 338
Activity Rhythms 342
Aggressive Behavior and Territoriality of  Goby and Shrimp 346
Reproduction of Goby and Shrimp 348
Interspecific Communication 350
Communication under Natural Conditionsin Indo-Pacific Partnerships 350
Warning Signal Generation by Indo-PacificGobies in Response to Predators andModels of Predators 352
Sequence and Information Analysesin Indo-Pacific Partnerships 354
Film Analysis of the Communication between the Goby Amblyeleotris steinitzi and the Shrimp Alpheus purpurilenticularis 356
Communication between Gobies and Shrimp in the Western Atlantic 359
Partner Specificity 361
Field Observations 361
Laboratory Experiments 362
The Mechanism Regulating Specificity 364
Goby–Shrimp Phylogeography 365
Costs and Benefits for Goby and Shrimp 369
Evolution 370
References 372
Eight The Associations between Fishes and Echinoderms 383
The Association between Fishes and Sea Urchins 383
Sea Urchins 383
Sea Urchin Structural Defenses, Predation by Fishes and Antipredatory Strategies 383
Associated Fishes, their Size, Coloration and Sea Urchin Hosts 385
The Attraction of Associated Fishes to Sea Urchins 398
Benefits and Costs of the Fish–Sea Urchin Partnership 400
Partner Specificity in the Fish–Sea Urchin Association 402
The Evolution of the Fish–Sea Urchin Partnership 402
Mimicry of Sea Urchins by Fishes 403
The Association between Fishes and Crinoids 404
Crinoids 404
Predation on Crinoids by Fishes and Antipredatory Strategies of Feather Stars and Sea Lilies 405
Multiple Species Assemblages in Crinoids 406
Associated Fishes and Adaptations for Living with Crinoids 407
Attraction of Associated Fishes to Crinoids and Partner Specificity 410
Benefits and Costs of the Fish–Crinoid Partnership 410
Scarcity of Knowledge 410
The Association between Fishes and Sea Cucumbers 411
Sea Cucumbers 411
Predation on Sea Cucumbers by Fishes and their Structural and Behavioral Antipredatory Defenses 412
Fishes Associated with Sea Cucumbers and their Life Cycles 413
Host Location, Penetration and Occupation by Pearlfishes 417
Pearlfish Nutrition 418
Pearlfish Reproductive Biology 420
Ecology and Partner Specificity of Pearlfish–Holothurian Associations 422
Acoustic Communication in Pearlfishes 426
Morphological and Physiological Adaptations to Inquilism 427
Benefits and Costs of the Pearlfish–Sea Cucumber Partnership 429
The Evolution of the Partnership between Pearlfishes and their Hosts 429
The Association between Fishes and Sea Stars 430
Sea Stars 430
Sea Star Structural and Behavioral Antipredatory Defenses 431
Feeding Associations between Sea Stars and Fishes 432
Cardinal Fishes Sheltering among Sea Star Spines 433
Pearlfishes Associated with Sea Stars 433
References 435
Species Index 443
Subject Index 455

Rezensionen

?Overall, Symbiosis in Fishesis a valuable scientific contribution because although symbiotic interactions interactions involving fish are common worldwide and can affect the dynamics of many ecosystems, this is the first comprehensive review of the topic.? (The Quarterly Review of Biology, 1 June 2015)

"Overall, the book reflects an exceptional breadth of knowledge and depth of integrative thinking, together with a deep appreciation for the subject of interspecific partnerships in fishes. As such, the book provides a superb resource and foundation for learning, teaching and further scientific inquiry." ( Journal of Fish Biology, 2015)

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 9.4.2014
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Zoologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Themenwelt: Weitere Fachgebiete ► Land- / Forstwirtschaft / Fischerei
• Schlagworte: Ökologie / Aquatische Lebensräume • animal behavior • Aquaculture, Fisheries & Fish Science • Aquakultur, Fischereiwesen u. Fischforschung • aquatic ecology • Aquatic Reptiles and Mammals • Biowissenschaften • coelenterates • Crustaceans • Echinoderms • Fischforschung • Fishes • Fish Science • Ilan Karplus • Life Sciences • Luminescent bacteria • mollusks • Ökologie / Aquatische Lebensräume • Sponges • Symbiosis in Fishes: The Biology of Interspecific Partnerships • Zoologie / Verhaltensforschung
• ISBN-13: 9781118759271 / 9781118759271