Reception of Weak Radio Signals from Space (eBook)

Miroslav Kasal (Autor)

eBook Download: EPUB

2025
382 Seiten
Wiley (Verlag)
978-1-394-29274-5 (ISBN)

Infos

Comprehensive resource on the dynamically developing issue of radio communication over long distances, especially in outer space

Reception of Weak Radio Signals from Space explores all aspects of detecting and making sense of extremely weak radio frequency (RF) signals, especially those emanating from space. The subject matter ranges from general physics fundamentals to highly specialized issues of design and optimization of microwave antennas, low-noise amplifiers, receivers, transmitters, and frequency synthesizers with very specific characteristics.

Special consideration is paid to the advanced technique of radio linking by reflection of signals from the lunar surface, where, using modern software for digital communication, it is possible to realize links with signals ten or more decibels weaker compared to analogue modes. Each chapter briefly summarizes the theory and applicable relationships and complements the discussed topic with descriptions of specific solutions for individual parts of the communication system. Detailed annotated examples of calculations and implementations are included to aid in reader understanding.

The book also discusses specific properties of antennas including brightness and noise temperature, directivity, and polarization, and covers the technical characteristics of interplanetary probes such as Voyager, Cassini, Mars Odyssey, and others.

Additional topics in Reception of Weak Radio Signals from Space include:

• Microwave receivers, covering noise matching, cooled amplifiers, noise figure measurement, and low-noise amplifiers for 1.3 and 10 GHz bands
• Wave propagation in free space and the influence of the atmosphere via precipitation clouds and the ionosphere, including techniques for measuring the figure of merit G/T of the receiving system
• Local oscillators, including direct digital and phase-locked loop synthesizers
• High-frequency rectangular and circular waveguides and coaxial and planar transmission lines
• Parabolic antennas, describing mirror geometry and its radiation as well as scalar radiator feeds

Reception of Weak Radio Signals from Space is an excellent resource on up-to-date information for engineers and scientists working in space communications as well as graduate and senior undergraduate students and radio amateurs.

Miroslav Kasal, PhD, is a Professor Emeritus at Brno University of Technology (BUT) in the Czech Republic. He was previously a scientific worker at the Institute of Scientific Instruments within the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic's Department of RF Spectroscopy. He last held the position of Department Head. He is an experienced experimenter and lifelong active amateur radio operator with a vast amount of theoretical knowledge and practical experience in the field.

Textauszug

List of Symbols

a

radius

a

longer transverse dimension of rectangular waveguides

A

amplitude

A

power transmission

A

counter filling

Ac

carrier amplitude

AdB

gain in dB

As

amplitude of the strongest higher harmonic component

AR

axial ratio

b

normalized susceptance

b

attenuation

b

shorter transverse dimension of rectangular waveguides

B

magnetic induction

B

bandwidth

B

count of least significant bits

Bn

noise bandwidth

c

speed of light propagation in free space

C

carrier power

CS

clear sky noise

d

length

d

aperture diameter

D

distance of the Moon from the Earth

D

antenna directivity

D

variance D = σ2

D

DAC bit count

Deff

effective DAC bit count

Eb

energy per bit

Erms

effective phase error

Es

energy per symbol

Et

decrease of power at the edge of the aperture

E0

breakdown intensity of electric field in dielectrics

f

focal length

f, F

frequency

F

noise factor (-)

fb

information (bit) frequency

fc

cutoff frequency

fc

clock frequency

f/d

ratio of the focal distance f and the aperture diameter d of a parabolic antenna

FdB

noise figure (dB)

fIF

intermediate frequency

fo

oscillator frequency

foff

frequency offset

FRX

receiver frequency

F(s)

Laplace transform image of a transfer function

FTX

transmitter frequency

G(θ, φ)

antenna gain

Gr

receiving antenna gain

G(s)

Laplace transform image of the transfer function in a direct branch

Gt

transmitting antenna gain

G/T

figure of merit of the receiving system

h

Planck constant 6.63 × 10–34 J s

h

substrate thickness

H0

DC magnetic field intensity

H(s)

Laplace transform image of the transfer function in a feedback branch

hα

coefficients of piecewise linearized noise characteristics

ID

drain current

IDQ

quiescent drain current

IM3

third-order intermodulation

I(s)

Laplace transform image of a closed loop gain

Jν

monochromatic brightness

k

Boltzmann constant 1.38 × 10–23 J K–1

k

constant

Kd

conversion gain of the phase detector

Ko

conversion gain of the voltage-controlled oscillator

l

length

L

relative power loss (inverse value of the power transmission A, A < 1)

LdB

loss (dB)

m

the first mode number

M

count of symbol bits

M

count of the most significant bits

MN

Moon noise

n

the second mode number

n

frequency multiplication factor

N

number of electrons per unit volume

N

number of bits of the phase accumulator status word FSW

N

noise power

N

frequency divider ratio in the feedback

NMI

noise power at the mixer input

Nph

power spectral density of the phase noise

N0, Nd, Nν

noise power spectral density

P

power

P1dB

power at 1dB compression

Pout

output power

Pph

phase noise power

Pr

receiver input power

Pt

transmitter power

Q

quality factor

Q0

quality factor of an unloaded resonator

r, R

radius, distance

R

resistance

R

frequency divider ratio of the reference signal

r0, R0

radii of the inner and outer conductor of a coaxial line

Rn

equivalent noise resistance

Rs

high-frequency surface resistance

s

Laplace operator

s

effective reflecting surface of the Moon

sij

scattering parameters

S

geometric area of an antenna

Seff

effective area of an antenna or of a reflecting surface

Si

effective aperture of an isotropic radiator

SΦ

output phase power spectral density

SN

Sun noise

t

microstrip thickness

T

thermodynamic temperature (K)

T0

ambient temperature

TA

antenna noise temperature

Tb

brightness temperature

TCH

MMIC channel internal temperature

Te

equivalent noise temperature

TG

noise temperature contribution from the Earth

TMo

Moon brightness temperature

TR

receiver equivalent noise temperature

Ts

equivalent noise temperature of a receiving system

TSKY

sky brightness temperature

U0, Ui

root-mean-square value of noise voltage

v

wave propagation velocity

VDD

drain voltage

vph

phase velocity in a waveguide

w

microstrip width

weff

effective microstrip width

Y

Y-factor

y(t)

relative frequency deviation

Z

impedance

Z0

characteristic impedance

α

half aperture angle from the focal point of the paraboloid

α

specific attenuation

αd

attenuation factor of the dielectric in Np m–1

αmn

the nth root of the Bessel function of the first kind of the mth order

the nth root of the derivative of the Bessel function of the first kind of the mth order

Γopt

reflection coefficient of the signal source in case of noise matching

Γs

reflection coefficient of the signal source

δ

penetration depth

Δω(t)...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 4.8.2025
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Schlagworte: Communication technology • High Gain Antennas • Low Noise Amplifiers • noise temperature • Radio Communication • Signal Processing • Thermal noise • Waveguides • wave propagation • weak microwave signals • wireless communication
• ISBN-10: 1-394-29274-0 / 1394292740
• ISBN-13: 978-1-394-29274-5 / 9781394292745