Practical Guide to LTE-A, VoLTE and IoT (eBook)

Paving the way towards 5G

Ayman ElNashar, Mohamed A. El-saidny (Autoren)

eBook Download: EPUB

2018
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-119-06343-8 (ISBN)

Infos

Essential reference providing best practice of LTE-A, VoLTE, and IoT Design/deployment/Performance and evolution towards 5G

This book is a practical guide to the design, deployment, and performance of LTE-A, VoLTE/IMS and IoT. A comprehensive practical performance analysis for VoLTE is conducted based on field measurement results from live LTE networks. Also, it provides a comprehensive introduction to IoT and 5G evolutions. Practical aspects and best practice of LTE-A/IMS/VoLTE/IoT are presented. Practical aspects of LTE-Advanced features are presented. In addition, LTE/LTE-A network capacity dimensioning and analysis are demonstrated based on live LTE/LTE-A networks KPIs.  A comprehensive foundation for 5G technologies is provided including massive MIMO, eMBB, URLLC, mMTC, NGCN and network slicing, cloudification, virtualization and SDN.  

Practical Guide to LTE-A, VoLTE and IoT: Paving the Way Towards 5G can be used as a practical comprehensive guide for best practices in LTE/LTE-A/VoLTE/IoT design, deployment, performance analysis and network architecture and dimensioning. It offers tutorial introduction on LTE-A/IoT/5G networks, enabling the reader to use this advanced book without the need to refer to more introductory texts. 

• Offers a complete overview of LTE and LTE-A, IMS, VoLTE and IoT and 5G
• Introduces readers to IP Multimedia Subsystems (IMS)Performs a comprehensive evaluation of VoLTE/CSFB
• Provides LTE/LTE-A network capacity and dimensioning
• Examines IoT and 5G evolutions towards a super connected world
• Introduce 3GPP NB-IoT evolution for low power wide area (LPWA) network
• Provide a comprehensive introduction for 5G evolution including eMBB, URLLC, mMTC, network slicing, cloudification, virtualization, SDN and orchestration 

Practical Guide to LTE-A, VoLTE and IoT will appeal to all deployment and service engineers, network designers, and planning and optimization engineers working in mobile communications. Also, it is a practical guide for R&D and standardization experts to evolve the LTE/LTE-A, VoLTE and IoT towards 5G evolution. 

AYMAN ELNASHAR, PHD, has 20+ years of experience in the telecoms industry including 2G/3G/LTE/WiFi/IoT/5G/Wireless Networks. He was part of three major start-up telecom operators in the MENA region (Orange/Egypt, Mobily/KSA, and du/UAE). Currently, he is Head of Core and Cloud planning with the Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Co. 'du', UAE. He is the founder of the Terminal Innovation Lab and UAE 5G Innovation Gate (U5GIG). Prior to this, he was Sr. Director - Wireless Networks, Terminals and IoT where he managed and directed the evolution, evaluation, and introduction of du wireless networks, terminals and IoT including LTE/LTE-A, HSPA+, WiFi, NB-IoT and is currently working towards deploying 5G networks in UAE.

Prior to this, he was with Mobily, Saudi Arabia, from June 2005 to January 2008, as Head of Projects. He played a key role in contributing to the success of the mobile broadband network of Mobily/KSA. From March 2000 to June 2005, he was with Orange Egypt.

He has published 30+ papers in the wireless communications arena in highly ranked journals and international conferences. He is the author of Design, Deployment, and Performance of 4G-LTE Networks: A Practical Approach, Wiley 2014, and Simplified Robust Adaptive Detection and Beamforming for Wireless Communications, Wiley 2018.

His research interests include practical performance analysis, planning and optimization of wireless networks (3G/4G/WiFi/IoT/5G), digital signal processing for wireless communications, multiuser detection, smart antennas, massive MIMO, and robust adaptive detection and beamforming.

MOHAMED EL-SAIDNY, M.SC., is a leading technical expert in wireless communication systems for modem chipsets and network design. He established and managed the Carrier Engineering Services Business Unit at MediaTek, the department responsible for product business development and strategy alignment with network operators and direct customers. He has 15+ years of technical, analytical and business experience, with an international working experience in the United States, Europe, Middle East, Africa, and South-East Asia markets.

Mohamed is the inventor of numerous patents in CDMA and OFDM systems and the co-author of Design, Deployment and Performance of 4G-LTE Networks: A Practical Approach, Wiley 2014. He has published several international research papers in IEEE Communications Magazine, IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, other IEEE Transactions, in addition to contributions to 3GPP specifications.

Textauszug

1
LTE and LTE‐A Overview

1.1 Introduction

Cellular mobile networks have been evolving for many years. As the smartphone market has expanded significantly in recent years and is expected to grow more in the years to come, network evolution needs to keep up with the pace of users' demands. This chapter provides an overview for network operators and interested others on the evolution of cellular networks, with particular focus on 3GPP for the main technologies of WCDMA/UMTS and LTE. In addition, it highlights the interaction of 3GPP with non‐3GPP technology (i.e. Wi‐Fi).

The initial networks are referred to collectively as the First Generation (1G) system. The 1G mobile system was designed to utilize analog; it included AMPS (Advanced Mobile Telephone System). The Second Generation (2G) mobile system was developed to utilize digital multiple access technology: TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access). The main 2G networks were GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) and CDMA, also known as cdmaOne or IS‐95 (Interim Standard 95). The GSM system still has worldwide support and is available for deployment on several frequency bands, such as 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 850 MHz, and 1900 MHz. CDMA systems in 2G networks use a spread‐spectrum technique and utilize a mixture of codes and timing to identify cells and channels. In addition to being digital and improving capacity and security, these digital 2G systems also offer enhanced services such as SMS (Short Message Service) and circuit‐switched data. Different variations of the 2G technology have evolved to extend the support of efficient packet data services and to increase the data rates. GPRS (General Packet Radio System) and EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution) systems have evolved from GSM. The theoretical data rate of 473.6 kbps enables operators to offer multimedia services efficiently. Since it does not comply with all the features of a 3G system, EDGE is usually categorized as 2.75G.

The Third Generation (3G) system is defined by IMT2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications). IMT2000 requires a 3G system to provide higher transmission rates in the range of 2 Mbps for stationary use and 348 kbps under mobile conditions. The main 3G technologies are [1]:

• WCDMA (Wideband CDMA): This was developed by the 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project). WCDMA is the air interface of the 3G UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System). The UMTS system has been deployed based on the existing GSM communication core network (CN) but with a new radio access technology in the form of WCDMA. Its radio access is based on FDD (Frequency Division Duplex). Current deployments are mainly in 2.1 GHz bands. Deployments at lower frequencies are also possible, such as UMTS900. UMTS supports voice and multimedia services.
• TD‐CDMA (Time Division CDMA): This is typically referred to as UMTS TDD (Time Division Duplex) and is part of the UMTS specifications. The system utilizes a combination of CDMA and TDMA to enable efficient allocation of resources.
• TD‐SCDMA (Time Division Synchronous CDMA): This has links to the UMTS specifications and is often identified as UMTS‐TDD Low Chip Rate. Like TD‐CDMA, it is also best suited to low‐mobility scenarios in micro or pico cells.
• CDMA2000 (C2K): This is a multi‐carrier technology standard which uses CDMA. It is part of the 3GPP2 standardization body. CDMA2000 is a set of standards including CDMA2000 EV‐DO (Evolution‐Data Optimized) which has various revisions. It is backward compatible with cdmaOne.
• WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access): This is another wireless technology which satisfies IMT2000 3G requirements. The air interface is part of the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.16 standard, which originally defined PTP (Point‐To‐Point) and PTM (Point‐To‐Multipoint) systems. This was later enhanced to address multiple issues related to a user's mobility. The WiMAX Forum is the organization formed to promote interoperability between vendors.

Fourth Generation (4G) cellular wireless systems have been introduced as the latest version of mobile technologies. 4G technology is defined as meeting the requirements set by the ITU (International Telecommunication Union) as part of IMT Advanced (International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced).

The main drivers for the network architecture evolution in 4G systems are: all‐IP based, reduced network cost, reduced data latencies and signaling load, interworking mobility among other access networks in 3GPP and non‐3GPP, always‐on user experience with flexible Quality of Service (QoS) support, and worldwide roaming capability. 4G systems include different access technologies:

• LTE and LTE‐Advanced (Long Term Evolution): This is part of 3GPP. LTE, as it stands now, does not meet all IMT Advanced features. However, LTE‐Advanced is part of a later 3GPP release and has been designed specifically to meet 4G requirements.
• WiMAX 802.16m: The IEEE and the WiMAX Forum have identified 802.16m as the main technology for a 4G WiMAX system.
• UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband): This is identified as EV‐DO Rev C. It is part of 3GPP2. Most vendors and network operators have decided to promote LTE instead.

The evolution and roadmap for 3GPP 3G and 4G are illustrated in Figure 1.1.

Figure 1.1 3G and 4G roadmap and evolution.

The standardization in 3GPP Release 8 defines the first specifications of LTE. The Evolved Packet System (EPS) is defined, mandating the key features and components of both the radio access network (E‐UTRAN) and the core network (Evolved Packet Core, EPC). Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is defined as the air interface, with the ability to support multi‐layer data streams using Multiple‐Input, Multiple‐Output (MIMO) antenna systems to increase spectral efficiency. LTE is defined as an all‐IP network topology differentiated over the legacy circuit switch (CS) domain. However, Release 8 specification makes use of the CS domain to maintain compatibility with 2G and 3G systems by utilizing the voice calls Circuit‐Switch Fallback (CSFB) technique for any of those systems. Other significant aspects defined in this initial 3GPP release are Self‐Organizing Networks (SONs) and Home Base Stations (Home eNodeBs), aiming to revolutionize heterogeneous networks. Moreover, Release 8 provides techniques for smartphone battery saving, known as Connected‐mode Discontinuous Reception (C‐DRX).

LTE Release 9 provides improvements to Release 8 standards, most notably enabling improved network throughput by refining SONs and improving eNodeB (eNB) mobility. Additional MIMO flexibility is introduced with multi‐layer beamforming. Furthermore, CSFB improvements have been introduced to reduce voice call‐setup time delays.

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has created the term IMT‐Advanced (International Mobile Telecommunications‐Advanced) to identify mobile systems whose capabilities go beyond those of IMT2000. In order to meet this new challenge, 3GPP's partners have agreed to expand specification scope to include the development of systems beyond 3G's capabilities. Some of the key features of IMT‐Advanced are: worldwide functionality and roaming, compatibility of services, interworking with other radio access systems, and enhanced peak data rates to support advanced services and applications with a nominal speed of 100 Mbps for high mobility and 1 Gbps for low‐mobility users.

Release 10 defines LTE‐Advanced (LTE‐A) as the first standard release that meets the ITU's requirements for Fourth Generation, 4G. The increased data rates up to 1 Gbps in the downlink and 500 Mbps in the uplink are enabled through the use of scalable and flexible bandwidth allocations up to 100 MHz, known as Carrier Aggregation (CA). Additionally, improved MIMO operations have been introduced to provide higher spectral efficiency. The support for heterogeneous networks and relays added to this 3GPP release also improves capacity and coverage. Lastly, a seamless interoperation of LTE and WLAN networks is defined to support traffic offload concepts.

Release 11 continues the evolution towards the LTE‐A requirements. Enhanced interference cancellation and CoMP (Coordinated Multi‐Point transmission) are means for further improving the capacity in 4G networks.

Key features of 3GPP LTE releases are outlined in Figure 1.2.

Figure 1.2 3GPP LTE releases.

1.2 Link Spectrum Efficiency

The Shannon–Hartley theorem states the channel capacity, meaning the theoretical tightest upper bound on the information data rate that can be sent with a given average signal power through a communication channel subject to noise of power:

(1.1)

Therefore, channel capacity is proportional to the bandwidth of the channel and to the logarithm of the SNR. This means that channel capacity can be increased linearly either by increasing the channel bandwidth given a fixed SNR requirement or, with fixed bandwidth, by using higher‐order modulations that need a very high SNR to operate.

Spectral efficiency refers to the information rate that can be transmitted over a given bandwidth in a specific communication system, measured in...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 19.6.2018
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Nachrichtentechnik
• Schlagworte: 3GPP NB-IoT • 5G • 5G networking • Broadband Networking • Cloudification and orchestration • Communication technology • Communication Technology - Networks • Computer Engineering • data sessions • Drahtlose Kommunikation • Electrical & Electronics Engineering • Elektrotechnik u. Elektronik • eMBB • Internet of Things (IoT) • IOT • Kommunikationsnetz • Kommunikationsnetze • Kommunikationstechnik • LTE • LTE-A • LTE-A/VoLTE performance analysis • LTE/IMS network architecture/deployment • LTE/IMS/VoLTE/IoT/5G network deployment • LTE Network • LTE network capacity analysis • mMTC • Mobile & Wireless Communications • Mobile Communications • network slicing • NGCN • Nr • SDN • telecommunications • URLLC • virtualization • voice calls • voice over LTE network • Volte • VoLTE/CSFB call setup delay • VoLTE/CSFB handover analysis • VoLTE design • VoLTE performance • wireless communications • Wireless Communication Systems
• ISBN-10: 1-119-06343-4 / 1119063434
• ISBN-13: 978-1-119-06343-8 / 9781119063438