Entrepreneurship at a Glance 2016 (eBook)

Oecd (Autor)

eBook Download: EPUB

2016 | 1. Auflage
160 Seiten
OECD Publishing (Verlag)
978-92-64-26563-9 (ISBN)

Infos

This publication presents an original collection of indicators for measuring the state of entrepreneurship and its determinants, produced by the OECD-Eurostat Entrepreneurship Indicators Programme. The 2016 edition introduces data from a new online small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) survey prepared by Facebook in co-operation with the OECD and the World Bank. It also features a special chapter on SME productivity, and indicators to monitor gender gaps in entrepreneurship.

Textauszug

Reader’s guide

This publication presents indicators of entrepreneurship collected by the OECD-Eurostat Entrepreneurship Indicators Programme (EIP). Started in 2006, the programme develops multiple measures of entrepreneurship and its determinants according to a conceptual framework that distinguishes between the manifestation of entrepreneurship, the factors that influence it, and the impacts of entrepreneurship on the economy. A defining characteristic of the programme is that it does not provide a single composite measure of overall entrepreneurship within an economy. Rather, recognising its multi-faceted nature, the programme revolves around a suite of indicators of entrepreneurial performance that each provides insights into one or more of these facets. Perhaps most important is the recognition within the programme that entrepreneurship is not only about start-ups or the number of self-employed persons: entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial forces can be found in many existing businesses and understanding the dynamism these actors exert on the economy is as important as understanding the dynamics of start-ups or the self-employed.

Indicators of entrepreneurial performance, computed by National Statistical Offices (NSOs), are presented for the following countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Romania, the Russian Federation, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States.

This year's edition also presents data resulting from a new collaboration between Facebook, the OECD and the World Bank to develop a new survey, the Future of Business Survey. Launched in February 2016, the new and innovative monthly and on-line survey asks respondents (businesses with a Facebook presence) a range of questions that provide the basis for timely and qualitative measures of the future outlook of businesses, and the economy in general. In addition the survey also contains a series of complementary questions designed to provide granular information on important characteristics of the firm, such as gender of the top management, age of the firm, involvement in international trade, and use of digital tools. In combination with the insights on the future outlook, these provide a powerful tool to assess potential factors that may help shape future growth but they also provide important insights on contemporary structural factors, with examples given in this publication. To date the survey has been conducted in 22 countries but country coverage will be extended over the coming years.

Finally, a selection of indicators of determinants of entrepreneurship is also included in this publication: the choice of these indicators is based on their novelty, i.e. they were recently produced and/or updated by their producers.

For each indicator, a short text explains what the indicator measures, how it is defined, and its policy relevance. Additional commentary is also provided on the comparability of the indicator across countries.

Indicators

The set of indicators that are part of the EIP framework are developed to different degrees. Some of them are well-established components of regular data collections, while others are only compiled in a restricted number of countries, and their harmonised definition forms the object of discussion and further work. The indicators presented in this publication reflect this diversity:

1. New enterprise creations

2. Enterprise exits

3. Bankruptcies

4. Self-employment

5. Outlook and prospects of job creation

6. Enterprises by size

7. Employment by enterprise size

8. Value added by enterprise size

9. Turnover by enterprise size

10. Compensation of employees by enterprise size

11. Labour productivity by enterprise size

12. Birth rate of enterprises

13. Death rate of enterprises

14. Survival of enterprises

15. Employment creation and destruction by enterprise births and deaths

16. High-growth enterprises rate

17. Incidence of traders

18. Trade concentration

19. Exports and imports by enterprise size

20. Market proximity

21. Exports and imports by enterprise ownership

22. Self-employment by gender

23. Self-employment among the youth

24. Earnings from self-employment

25. Inventors by gender

26. Perception of entrepreneurial risk

27. Venture capital investments

Indicators A, B and C are drawn from the OECD Timely Indicators of Entrepreneurship (TIE) Database. Annex A provides the list of sources that are used to compile the database. The source of Indicator D is the OECD Main Economic Indicators (MEI) Database. Indicator E is based on the results of a new online SME survey designed by Facebook in collaboration with the OECD Statistics Directorate and the World Bank.

For Indicators F to P the source is the OECD Structural and Demographic Business Statistics (SDBS) (database). Indicators F to K refer to Structural Business Statistics, while Indicators L to P consist of Business Demography statistics, generally computed from business registers. Indicators Q to U originate from the OECD Trade by Enterprise Characteristics (TEC) Database. SDBS and TEC data are collected annually via harmonised questionnaires completed by National Statistical Offices.

The indicators on self-employment come from Labour Force Surveys and Census Population data (Indicators V and W) and Surveys on Income (Indicator X). Indicators Y and Z are based on OECD Patent Database and Gallup World Poll Survey data, respectively.

The source of Indicator AA is the OECD Entrepreneurship Finance Database.

Size-class breakdown

Structural Business Statistics indicators usually focus on five size classes based on the number of persons employed, where the data across countries and variables can be closely aligned in most cases: 1-9, 10-19, 20-49, 50-249, 250+. Not all country information fits perfectly into this classification, however, and any divergence from these target size classes is reported in each chapter.

For business demography data, the typical collection breakdown is 1-4, 5-9, 10+ employees, to reflect the fact that a vast majority of newly created enterprises are micro-enterprises.

For Trade by Enterprise Characteristics (TEC) data, the size classification is based on four classes: 0-9, 10-49, 50-249, 250+ employees; in addition, a class denominated “unknown” contains information on trade for enterprises for which the size could not be established.

In this publication, micro-enterprises are defined as firms with 1-9 persons employed; small enterprises: 10-49; medium enterprises: 50-249; and large enterprises: 250 and more. The term “small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)” refers to the size class 1-249 persons employed. In figures based on TEC data, SMEs refer to enterprises with 0-249 employees.

Activity breakdown

Data are presented according to the International Standard Industrial Classification of all economic activities Revision 4 (ISIC Rev. 4). Total Business Economy covers: Mining and quarrying (05-09), Manufacturing (10-33), Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (35), Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities (36-39), Construction (41-43) and Services (45-82). Services include: Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (45-47), Transportation and storage (49-53); Accommodation and food service activities (55-56), Information and communication (58-63), Financial and insurance activities (64-66), Real estate activities (68), Professional, scientific and technical activities (69-75), and Administrative and support service activities (77-82).

For Structural Business Statistics (Chapters 2 and 3), the entire section of Financial and insurance activities (64-66) is excluded from Services, except for Canada and Korea; for Business Demography (Chapters 4 and 5), activities of holding companies (642) are excluded from Financial and insurance activities, except for Israel, Korea, Mexico and the United States.

In Chapters 4 to 6, the aggregate Industry is used and includes sectors 05 to 39. In Chapter 6, Total Economy covers all ISIC Rev. 4 sectors, from 01 to 99 (i.e. from agriculture to activities of extraterritorial organisations).

For some countries, data provided by the respective NSOs follow an alternative classification system and were converted into ISIC Rev. 4. The source data for Canada and Mexico follow the North American Industry Classification System 2012 at the level of 2-digit sections or higher. For Japan, 2013 structural data for the number of enterprises and the number of employees originate from the 2014 Economic Census for Business Frame and follow the Japan Standard Industrial Classification Rev. 13 at the level of 2-digit sections or higher. For Korea, 2006-2014 structural data for the number of enterprises and the number of employees are based on the Census of Establishments, which together with business demography data follow the Korean Standard Industrial Classification at the level of 2-digit sections...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 28.9.2016
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Volkswirtschaftslehre
• ISBN-10: 92-64-26563-5 / 9264265635
• ISBN-13: 978-92-64-26563-9 / 9789264265639