Biomimetic Design Method for Innovation and Sustainability (eBook)

Yael Helfman Cohen, Yoram Reich (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2016 | 1st ed. 2017
XXVII, 254 Seiten
Springer International Publishing (Verlag)
978-3-319-33997-9 (ISBN)

Infos

Presenting a novel biomimetic design method for transferring design solutions from nature to technology, this book focuses on structure-function patterns in nature and advanced modeling tools derived from TRIZ, the theory of inventive problem-solving.

 

The book includes an extensive literature review on biomimicry as an engine of both innovation and sustainability, and discusses in detail the biomimetic design process, current biomimetic design methods and tools.

 

The structural biomimetic design method for innovation and sustainability put forward in this text encompasses (1) the research method and rationale used to develop and validate this new design method; (2) the suggested design algorithm and tools including the Find structure database, structure-function patterns and ideality patterns; and (3) analyses of four case studies describing how to use the proposed method.

 

This book offers an essential resource for designers who wish to use nature as a source of inspiration and knowledge, innovators and sustainability experts, and scientists and researchers, amongst others.

Yael Helfman Cohen received a PhD in Biomimetic Design from Tel-Aviv university for her research titled: 'Biomimicry design method for innovation and sustainability'. She also holds an MSc in Management Science and a BSc in Industrial Engineering Management.
Since 2014, she has been a manager at the Biomimicry Lab at Tel Aviv University, and since 2009 she is co-founder and CEO of Biomimicry IL. An Editor of the Israeli biomimetic online journal, member of the Biomimetic ISO international committee and organizer of the yearly conference 'Biomimicry- Academy & Industry', Dr. Helfman Cohen has years of teaching experience and is intensively involved in many academic activities. She has published several papers in journals and conference papers.
Yoram Reich is a Full Professor at the School of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University. He has practiced engineering design for more than 7 years and has held visiting positions at Carnegie Mellon University, Duke University, and Stanford University. He is the Editor-in-Chief of Research in Engineering Design, an associate editor of Design Science, and an editorial board member of 6 other international journals; a founder and past co-chair of the Design Theory special interest group of the Design Society, and an elected member of its Advisory Board.

He is also a Fellow of the Design Research Society. Previously, he was the chair of the Israeli chapter of the Society of Manufacturing Engineers and served several additional years on its managerial board. Prof. Reich's research focuses on product design methods and theories, flexible development processes, computer-aided design, data mining, and design research methodology. He has published over 200 papers on these subjects and advised more than 40 graduate and PhD students.

Inhalt

Preface 5
Acknowledgements 7
Contents 8
Abbreviations 14
List of Figures 15
List of Tables 20
How to Read the Book 23
Part I Introduction 24
1 The Biomimicry Discipline: Boundaries, Definitions, Drivers, Promises and Limits 25
1.1 The Origins of the Biomimicry Discipline 25
1.2 The Biomimicry Discipline—Boundaries, Terminologies and Research Scope 25
1.2.1 Criterion 1: Direction of Transfer 26
1.2.2 Criterion 2: Knowledge Versus Substances 27
1.2.3 Criterion 3: Imitation Versus Inspiration—The Biomimicry Zone 27
1.2.3.1 Differences Between: Biomimicry, Biomimetics, Bionics 28
1.2.3.2 Biological Versus Natural Knowledge 28
1.2.4 Book Scope 28
1.3 Biomimetic Development Strands 29
1.4 Biomimicry Growth 29
1.5 Biomimicry as an Innovation Engine 29
1.5.1 Nature as an Idea Generator 30
1.5.2 The Innovation Mechanism of the Biomimetic Design Process 31
1.5.2.1 More Ideas—Extending the Scope of Potential Solutions 31
1.5.2.2 Distant Ideas—Analogical Transfer Between Domains 31
1.5.2.3 Different Ideas—Paradigm Shift 32
1.6 Biomimicry as a Sustainability Engine 33
1.6.1 A Demand for Sustainability Tools 33
1.6.2 Learning Sustainability from Nature 34
1.6.3 Biomimicry as a Sustainability Tool 35
1.6.3.1 Approaches of Biomimetic Sustainability Tools 36
1.7 The Imperfection of Nature 37
1.8 Biomimicry—Promises and Obstacles 38
2 The Biomimicry Design Process: Characteristics, Stages and Main Challenge 40
2.1 Characteristics of the Biomimicry Design Process 40
2.1.1 Bidirectional Design Process 40
2.1.2 Analogical Based Design Process 41
2.1.3 Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Design Process 41
2.2 Biomimetic Design Process Stages—From a Problem to Biology 42
2.2.1 Problem Definition (Stages 1 and 2) 43
2.2.2 Identify the Analogy Source: Search for Biological System (Stage 3) 44
2.2.3 Abstraction—Abstract Design Solutions (Stage 4) 44
2.2.4 Transfer the Solution (Stage 5) 45
2.2.5 Evaluation and Iteration (Stage 6) 46
2.3 Biomimetic Design Process Stages—From Biology to an Application 47
2.4 The Synapse Design Model Charts 48
2.5 Biomimetic Design Process Stages—Literature Review 49
2.6 Biomimetic Design Process—Main Challenge 49
3 Biomimetic Design Methods—Literature Review 51
3.1 Searching/Retrieval Methods 52
3.1.1 Consult Biologists 53
3.1.2 Search Designated Biomimetic Databases 53
3.1.2.1 Biomimetic Databases of Biological Systems 53
3.1.2.2 Biomimetic Databases of Products 53
3.1.3 Search General Biological Databases 54
3.1.3.1 Search by Keywords 54
3.1.3.2 Searching by Heuristics 56
3.1.3.3 Defining Keywords by Heuristics: Dynamic List of Keywords 57
3.1.4 Searching Methods—Summary 58
3.2 Abstraction Methods 59
3.2.1 Abstraction Methods Without Databases 59
3.2.1.1 Functional Modeling 59
3.2.1.2 The C-K Modeling for Bio-inspiration 60
3.2.1.3 List of Questions to Identify Suitable Analogies 60
3.2.1.4 The ‘Causal Template’ and ‘Instructional Mapping Rules’ 61
3.2.2 Abstraction Methods Accompanied with Database Tools 61
3.2.2.1 SBF Modeling and the DANE Interactive Computational Tool 61
3.2.2.1.1 DANE—Design by Analogy to Nature Engine [73] 62
3.2.2.2 The SAPPhIRE Model and “Idea-Inspire” Software Tool 62
3.2.2.2.1 “Idea-Inspire” Software and Database Tool 63
3.2.2.3 The Contradictions Approach and BioTRIZ Database 63
3.2.2.3.1 The BioTRIZ database 64
3.3 Transfer Methods 64
4 Literature Review Conclusions and Definition of Research Target 65
4.1 Research Gap 65
4.1.1 Structure-Function Relations 65
4.1.2 Patterns 66
4.1.3 System View 66
4.1.4 Physical Effects 67
4.1.5 TRIZ Knowledge Base is not Exhausted 67
4.1.6 Design Space Analysis by Functions and Means 67
4.1.7 Sustainability 68
4.1.8 Transfer 68
4.1.9 Biomimicry as a Multidisciplinary and Interdisciplinary Design Process 68
4.1.10 Biomimetic Problem Definition 68
4.2 Research Target 69
Part II Research Method 70
5 Research Model 71
5.1 Definitions 71
5.1.1 Design Methodology 71
5.1.2 Design Process 72
5.1.3 Design Method 72
5.1.4 Design Tools 72
5.2 Developing a Design Method 73
5.3 Research Model 73
5.3.1 Explanation of Research Modules 74
5.3.1.1 Observations (Module 1) 75
5.3.1.2 Existing Theories, Knowledge Bases and Conceptual Frameworks (Module 2) 75
5.3.1.3 Knowledge Bases of the New Design Method (Module 3) 75
5.3.1.4 Newly Developed Design Method (Module 4) 75
5.3.1.5 Experimentation (Module 5) 75
5.4 Implementation of the Research Model for Biomimetic Design 76
6 Theories, Knowledge Bases and Conceptual Frameworks that Support the Analysis of Observations 79
6.1 The Technical Lens Approach for Analyzing Biological Systems 79
6.1.1 Systems 79
6.1.1.1 General System Theory 79
6.1.1.2 System Hierarchy, Parts and Boundaries 80
6.1.2 Functions 80
6.1.2.1 Functions in Technology and Biology 80
6.1.2.2 Functional Modeling of Systems 81
6.1.2.3 Functions Ontologies 81
6.1.3 TRIZ—Inventive Problem Solving Theory 82
6.1.3.1 Su-Field Analysis Model 83
6.1.3.2 The “Law of System Completeness” 83
6.1.3.3 The Complete System Viable Model 84
6.1.3.4 Ideality 84
6.2 The Patterns Approach for Analyzing Biological Systems 85
6.2.1 What Are Patterns? 86
6.2.2 Patterns Based Design Method 86
6.2.3 Patterns and Biomimicry 87
6.2.4 Structure-Function Patterns 87
Part III Research Methodology, Process and Results 91
7 Functional Patterns 93
7.1 The Analysis Process 93
7.2 Results 95
7.3 Discussion of Results, Explanations and Implications 96
7.3.1 Comparing Su-Field Ontology to Selected References 97
7.3.2 Summary 98
8 Structure-Function Patterns 100
8.1 The Analysis Process 100
8.1.1 Analysis Examples 100
8.1.1.1 The Lotus Leaf Cleaning System 100
8.1.1.2 The Gecko Feet Attachment/Detachment System 103
8.1.1.3 The Click Beetle Jumping System 104
8.1.2 The Analysis Stages 104
8.2 Results—The Complete Viable Model 105
8.2.1 Transmission Unit 105
8.2.2 Engines and Brakes 105
8.2.2.1 An Example of a System Analysis with a Brake 106
8.2.3 The Complete Viable System Model as an Abstraction Tool 107
8.3 Results—Sustainability Aspects of Biological Systems 107
8.4 Results—Structure-Function Patterns 108
8.4.1 Engines 109
8.4.1.1 Repeated Protrusions 109
8.4.1.2 Repeated Tubes/Channels/Tunnels 109
8.4.1.3 Asymmetry 109
8.4.2 Brakes 113
8.4.2.1 Mechanical Structures 113
8.4.2.2 Repeated Layers—Sandwich Structure 114
8.4.2.3 Intersected Layers—Crisscrossed Structure 114
8.4.2.4 Hollow Cylinders (Tubular) Structure 114
8.4.2.5 Helical Structure 114
8.4.2.6 Streamlined Structures/Shapes 115
8.4.2.7 Container Structure 115
8.4.3 Statistics and Frequency of Patterns Occurrence 116
8.4.4 Findstructure Database 117
8.5 Discussion of Results, Explanations and Implications 117
9 Sustainability Patterns 121
9.1 The Analysis Process 121
9.1.1 The Analysis Rationale: On the Relations of Ideality and Sustainability 121
9.1.2 The Analysis Stages 122
9.2 Results—Nature Ideality Strategies 123
9.3 Results—Ideality Tool for Sustainable and Biomimetic Design 123
9.3.1 Ideality as a Tool for Sustainable Design 123
9.3.1.1 Sustainable Design Case Study: An Ideal Multiphase Bicycle 128
9.3.2 Ideality as a Tool for Biomimetic Design 131
9.4 Discussion of Results, Explanations and Implications 131
9.4.1 The Ideality Strategies Characteristics 131
9.4.2 Ideality as an Evolution Law 132
9.4.3 Ideality Strategies Versus Life Principles 132
9.4.4 Ideality as a DFE Tool: A New Approach for Innovative Design for the Environment 135
9.4.5 Summary 135
10 The Structural Biomimetic Design Method Manual: Process (Flow Charts), Tools, Templates and Guidelines 137
10.1 Design Process Flow Charts 137
10.2 Tools 139
10.2.1 Design Path with Function-Means Tree 139
10.2.2 The Patterns Table 140
10.2.3 Findstructure Database 141
10.2.4 System Parts Analysis 144
10.2.5 The Complete Viable System Model Analysis 145
10.2.6 List of Potential Fields for Su-Field Analysis 146
10.2.7 The Ideality Framework for Sustainability Analysis 147
10.2.8 The Ideality Patterns Table 148
10.2.9 Transfer Platform: Analogy Comparison Components 149
10.2.9.1 Compare the Complete Viable Biological and Biomimetic System Models 149
10.2.9.2 Compare the Ideality (Sustainability) Strategies 150
Part IV Experimentation 151
11 Case Studies 152
11.1 From Biology to an Application 153
11.1.1 From Papilionaceae Seed to an Application 153
11.1.2 From Lizard Tail Autotomy to an Application 162
11.2 From a Problem to Biology 171
11.2.1 Dynamic Screen Protector 171
11.2.2 Parking Space Reducer 179
12 Lab and Field Experiments 188
12.1 Introduction 188
12.2 Experiment 1: Assessing Innovation Aspects of the Structural Biomimetic Design Method 190
12.2.1 Experiments Rationale 190
12.2.2 Innovation Assessment Process 190
12.2.3 Innovation Criteria 191
12.2.4 Experiment 1(a)—Lab Experiment in Class 193
12.2.5 Experiment 1(b)—Lab Experiment as Final Project 196
12.2.6 Experiment 1(c)—Field Experiment in Industry 199
12.2.7 Summary: Experiment 1—Assessing Innovation Aspects of the Structural Biomimetic Design Method 202
12.3 Experiment 2: Assessing the Ideality Framework as a Sustainability Analysis and Design Method 205
12.3.1 Experiment Rational 205
12.3.2 Measurers 206
12.3.3 Experiment Hypotheses 206
12.3.4 Experiment Design 207
12.3.5 Measuring Process 208
12.3.5.1 Sustainability Principles Identification 208
12.3.5.2 Sustainable design 210
12.3.5.3 Perceived Usability 210
12.3.5.4 Confounding Variables 211
12.3.6 Statistical Analysis—Results 211
Part V Epilogue 218
13 Discussion and Summary 219
13.1 Major Achievement—The Structural Biomimetic Design Method 219
13.2 Evaluation of Research Results Compared to Research Objectives 219
13.3 Innovative Aspects of This Research 220
13.4 By-Product Contributions (Added Value) 221
13.5 Future Research 221
Appendix A: Innovation Experiment—Biological System 1 223
Appendix B: Innovation Experiment—Biological System 2 225
Appendix C: Innovation Experiment—Student Form 227
Appendix D: Structural Modeling Template Form 228
Appendix E: Innovation Assessment Criteria Form 231
Appendix F: Sustainability Analysis—Biological System 1 232
Appendix G: Sustainability Analysis—Biological System 2 234
Appendix H: Students Instructions Before Exposure to Sustainability Tools 236
Appendix I: Students Instructions After Exposure to Ideality Tool 237
Appendix J: Students Instructions After Exposure to Life Principles Tool 239
Appendix K: Expert’s Analysis by Ideality Tool—Desert Snail 241
Appendix L: Expert’s Analysis by Ideality Tool—Salvinia Fern 242
Appendix M: Expert’s Analysis by Life Principles Tool—Desert Snail 243
Appendix N: Expert’s Analysis by Life Principles Tool—Salvinia Fern 244
Appendix O: Sustainability Analysis Students Questionnaire (After Stage 2) 245
Appendix P: Sustainability Analysis Students Questionnaire (After Stage 4) 246
References 247
Index 257

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 1.7.2016
• Zusatzinfo: XXVII, 254 p. 77 illus., 44 illus. in color.
• Verlagsort: Cham
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Informatik ► Programmiersprachen / -werkzeuge
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Schlagworte: Algorithm analysis and problem complexity • Bioinspired design • Biomimicry • Design algorithms • Structure-function patterns • Sustainable design • Transferring design solutions
• ISBN-10: 3-319-33997-4 / 3319339974
• ISBN-13: 978-3-319-33997-9 / 9783319339979