Transmission Line Protection Using Digital Technology (eBook)

Vijay H. Makwana, Bhavesh R. Bhalja (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2016 | 1. Auflage
XIX, 167 Seiten
Springer-Verlag
978-981-10-1572-4 (ISBN)

Infos

This book develops novel digital distance relaying schemes to eliminate the errors produced by the conventional digital distance relays while protecting power transmission lines against different types of faults. These include high resistance ground faults on single infeed transmission lines; high resistance ground faults on double infeed transmission lines; simultaneous open conductor and ground fault on double infeed transmission lines; inter-circuit faults on parallel transmission lines; simultaneous open conductor and ground fault on series compensated parallel transmission lines; inter-circuit faults on series compensated parallel transmission lines; and phase faults on series compensated double infeed transmission lines. This monograph also details suggestions for further work in the area of digital protection of transmission lines. The contents will be useful to academic as well as professional researchers working in transmission line protection.

 

Autor

Vijay H. Makwana received his B.E. in Electrical Engineering and M.E. in Electrical Power Systems from B.V.M. Engineering College, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, India in 1999 and 2002, respectively. He obtained his PhD in Electrical Engineering from Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, India in 2013. He has teaching experience of more than 13 years. Currently, he is working as Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, G. H. Patel College of Engineering & Technology, Vallabh Vidyanagar, India. He has published 10 papers in international journals. He has written a book on Power System Protection and Switchgear. Bhavesh R. Bhalja received B. E. and M. E. degrees from B.V.M. Engineering College, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, India in 1999 and 2001, respectively. He obtained his PhD from Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee in 2007. He has a teaching experience of more than 14 years. Currently, he is working as Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, India. He has published more than 100 papers in refereed journals. He is a senior member of IEEE. He has been awarded Young Engineers Award by Institution of Engineers, India in 2009. He has written book on Protection and Switchgear.

Inhalt

Foreword 7
Preface 9
About the Book 10
Content and Coverage 10
Contents 13
About the Authors 18
1 Introduction 19
Abstract 19
1.1 General Background 19
1.2 Zones of Protection 20
1.3 Requirements of Protection System 21
1.4 Main and Back-up Protection 22
1.5 Protective Relays 22
1.5.1 Electromechanical Relays 23
1.5.2 Static Relays 23
1.5.3 Digital/Numerical Relays 23
1.6 Adaptive Relaying 24
1.7 Research Opportunities in Digital/Numerical Protection of Transmission Lines 25
1.7.1 High Resistance Ground Faults on Single Infeed Transmission Lines 25
1.7.2 High Resistance Ground Faults on Double Infeed Transmission Lines 26
1.7.3 Simultaneous Open Conductor and Ground Fault on Parallel Transmission Lines 26
1.7.4 Inter-circuit Faults on Parallel Transmission Lines 27
1.7.5 Simultaneous Open Conductor and Ground Fault on Series Compensated Parallel Transmission Lines 27
1.7.6 Inter-circuit Faults on Series Compensated Parallel Transmission Lines 28
1.7.7 Phase Faults on Series Compensated Double Infeed Transmission Lines 28
1.8 Objectives of Present Work 29
1.9 Organization of Thesis 29
References 31
2 Distance Relaying Algorithm for a Single Line-To-Ground Fault on Single Infeed Transmission Lines 35
Abstract 35
2.1 Introduction 35
2.2 Distance Protection of Transmission Lines 36
2.3 Stepped Distance Characteristic of a Distance Relay 37
2.4 Problem of Fault Resistance in Distance Protection 38
2.5 Techniques Used in Commercial Relays and Their Problems 39
2.6 Current State of the Art 40
2.7 Performance of the Conventional Digital Distance Relay 41
2.8 New Digital Distance Relaying Algorithm 43
2.9 Experimental Test Setup 45
2.9.1 Development of Experimental Test Setup 46
2.9.2 Results of Test Setup 48
2.10 Simulation Results 49
2.10.1 High Resistance Faults 49
2.10.2 Sensitivity During Close-in Faults 51
2.10.3 Discrimination Between In-Zone and Out-Zone Faults 52
2.10.4 Effect of Variations in Short-Circuit Capacity of Source 53
2.10.5 Effect of Change in Power Factor 54
2.11 Advantages of the Proposed Algorithm 55
2.12 Conclusion 55
References 55
3 Digital Distance Relaying Scheme for Compensation of High Resistance Faults on Double Infeed Transmission Lines 59
Abstract 59
3.1 Introduction 59
3.2 Ground Faults on Double Infeed Transmission Lines 60
3.3 Problem of Remote Infeed for Double Infeed Transmission Lines 61
3.4 Techniques Used in Commercial Relays and Their Problems 62
3.5 Current State of the Art 64
3.6 Analysis of Ground Faults on Double Infeed Transmission Lines 65
3.6.1 Impedance Measured by the Conventional Ground Distance Relaying Scheme 66
3.6.2 Impedance Measured by the Proposed Scheme 66
3.7 Results and Discussions 69
3.7.1 Single Line-to-Ground Fault 70
3.7.2 Double Line-to-Ground Fault 75
3.7.3 Triple Line-to-Ground Fault 76
3.7.4 Simultaneous Open Conductor and Ground Fault 76
3.8 Conclusion 78
References 78
4 Digital Distance Relaying Scheme for Parallel Transmission Lines During Inter-circuit Faults 82
Abstract 82
4.1 Introduction 82
4.2 Self and Mutual Impedances of Transmission Lines 83
4.3 Formula for Mutual Impedance 85
4.4 Estimation of Mutually Coupled Voltages for Parallel Transmission Lines 87
4.5 Analysis of Mutually Coupled Parallel Transmission Lines 87
4.6 Inter-circuit Faults on Parallel Transmission Lines 89
4.7 Techniques Used in Commercial Relays and Their Problems 90
4.8 Current State of the Art 91
4.9 Inter-circuit Faults on Parallel Transmission Lines 92
4.9.1 Phase-to-Phase Inter-circuit Fault 92
4.9.2 Phase-to-Phase-to-Ground Inter-circuit Fault 92
4.10 Analysis of Inter-circuit Faults on Parallel Transmission Lines 94
4.10.1 Impedance Measured by the Conventional Ground Distance Relay 94
4.10.2 Impedance Measured by the Proposed Scheme 94
4.11 Results and Discussions 96
4.11.1 Phase-to-Phase Inter-circuit Fault 96
4.11.2 Phase-to-Phase-to-Ground Inter-circuit Fault 99
4.12 Advantages of the Proposed Scheme 103
4.13 Conclusion 103
References 103
5 Digital Distance Relaying Scheme for Series-Compensated Parallel Lines During Simultaneous Open Conductor and Ground Fault 106
Abstract 106
5.1 Introduction 106
5.2 Series Capacitors: Theory and Operation 107
5.2.1 Aim of Series Compensation 107
5.2.2 Series-Compensated Transmission Line 108
5.2.3 Series Capacitor Bypass Systems 108
5.2.4 Operation of Series Capacitor Bypass Systems 109
5.2.5 Series Compensation Model 111
5.3 Protection Issues of Series-Compensated Lines 111
5.3.1 Malfunctioning of Distance Relay 111
5.3.2 Subsynchronous Resonance 113
5.3.3 Voltage Inversion 113
5.3.4 Current Inversion 114
5.4 Techniques Used in Commercial Relays and Their Problems 115
5.5 Current State-of-the-Art 116
5.6 Simultaneous Open Conductor and Ground Fault on Series-Compensated Parallel Transmission Lines 118
5.6.1 Simultaneous Open Conductor and Ground Fault 118
5.6.2 Linearized Equivalent Model of SC/MOV 118
5.6.3 Effect of Mutual Coupling for Simultaneous Open Conductor and Ground Fault 119
5.6.4 Effect of Simultaneous Open Conductor and Ground Fault 120
5.7 Analysis of Simultaneous Open Conductor and Ground Fault 120
5.7.1 Impedance Measured by the Conventional Scheme 121
5.7.2 Impedance Measured by the Proposed Scheme 121
5.8 Results and Discussions 123
5.8.1 Change in Fault Location and Power Transfer Angle 124
5.8.2 Variation in Zero-Sequence Mutual Coupling Impedance 126
5.8.3 Change in Degree of Compensation 127
5.8.4 Change in Fault Resistance 128
5.8.5 Close-in and Remote End Faults 131
5.8.6 SC/MOV and Proposed Scheme Performance During Fault 131
5.9 Advantages of the Proposed Scheme 132
5.10 Conclusion 132
References 133
6 Digital Distance Relaying Scheme for Series Compensated Parallel Transmission Lines During Inter-circuit Faults 137
Abstract 137
6.1 Introduction 137
6.2 Inter-circuit Faults on Series Compensated Parallel Transmission Lines 138
6.2.1 Phase-to-Phase Inter-circuit Fault 138
6.2.2 Phase-to-Phase-to-Ground Inter-circuit Fault 138
6.3 Protection Issues of Series Compensated Parallel Lines 140
6.3.1 Linearized Equivalent Model of SC/MOV 140
6.3.2 Voltage/Current Inversion Phenomena 140
6.3.3 Effect of Mutual Coupling for Inter-circuit Faults 140
6.3.4 Effect of Inter-circuit Faults 140
6.4 Analysis of Inter-circuit Faults on Series Compensated Parallel Transmission Lines 141
6.4.1 Impedance Measured by the Conventional Ground Distance Relay 141
6.4.2 Impedance Measured by the Proposed Scheme 142
6.5 Results and Discussions 144
6.5.1 Phase-to-Phase Inter-circuit Fault 145
6.5.2 Phase-to-Phase-to-Ground Inter-circuit Fault 150
6.6 Advantages of the Proposed Scheme 151
6.7 Conclusion 152
References 153
7 Digital Distance Relaying Scheme for Phase Faults on Double Infeed Transmission Lines 154
Abstract 154
7.1 Introduction 154
7.2 Phase-to-Phase Fault on Series Compensated Double Infeed Transmission Line 155
7.2.1 Equivalent Circuit for Phase-to-Phase Fault 155
7.2.2 Goldsworthy’s Linearized Model for SC/MOV Parallel Combination 156
7.2.3 Voltage/Current Inversion Phenomena 157
7.2.4 Effect of Phase-to-Phase Fault 157
7.3 Analysis of Phase-to-Phase Fault 157
7.3.1 Impedance Measured by the Conventional Phase Distance Relay 158
7.3.2 Impedance Measured by the Proposed Scheme 158
7.4 Results and Discussions 160
7.4.1 Phase-to-Phase Fault 161
7.4.2 Three-Phase Fault 167
7.4.3 Phase Faults Involving Ground Path 167
7.5 Advantages of the Proposed Scheme 167
7.6 Conclusion 169
References 170
Appendix A 171
Appendix B 173
Appendix C 174
Appendix D 175
Appendix E 176
Appendix F 177

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 21.6.2016
• Reihe/Serie: Energy Systems in Electrical Engineering
• Reihe/Serie: Energy Systems in Electrical Engineering
• Zusatzinfo: XIX, 167 p. 62 illus., 1 illus. in color.
• Verlagsort: Singapore
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Schlagworte: Digital Distance Protection • Double Infeed Transmission Lines • Parallel Transmission Line • Series Compensated Transmission Line • Single Infeed Transmission Line
• ISBN-10: 981-10-1572-4 / 9811015724
• ISBN-13: 978-981-10-1572-4 / 9789811015724