Fundamentals and Evolution of MPEG-2 Systems (eBook)

Paving the MPEG Road

Jan Van Der Meer (Autor)

eBook Download: EPUB | PDF

2014
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
9781118875933 (ISBN)

Infos

This book describes the fundamentals and details of MPEG-2 Systems technology

Written by an expert in the field, this book examines the MPEG-2 system specification as developed in the early 1990’s, as well as its evolution into the fourth edition of the MPEG-2 systems standard, published in 2013. While MPEG-2 systems will continue to evolve further, this book describes the MPEG-2 system functionality as of October 2013. Furthermore, relevant background information is provided. The discussion of MPEG-2 system functionality requires knowledge of various fundamental issues, such as timing, and supported content formats. Therefore also some basic information on video and audio coding is provided, including their evolution. Also other content formats supported in MPEG-2 systems are described, as far as needed to understand MPEG-2 systems.

• Ordered logically working from the basics and background through to the details and fundamentals of MPEG-2 transport streams and program streams
• Explores important issues within the standardization process itself
• Puts the developments on MPEG-2 systems into historic perspective
• Includes support of 3D Video and transport of AVC, SVC and MVC
• Concludes with additional issues such as real-time interface, delivery over IP networks and usage by application standardization bodies
• Predicts a continuing promising future for MPEG-2 transport streams

Autor

Jan van der Meer, Independent Consultant, The Netherlands Jan van der Meer retired from Philips as Director of Standardization in July 2008; he is currently an independent consultant. Jan worked for Philips from 1979 until 2008 and is now an independent consultant. He has played a leading role in the MPEG standards committee almost from its very beginning, contributing not only to the developments of the MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 standards, but also to their usage in specific application areas, such as specified by 3GPP, DAVIC, DVB, IETF and ISMA. Jan is worldwide acknowledged for his contributions to MPEG and other standard bodies and is (co-)inventor of 12 patents. He has chaired the MPEG Systems Group and discussed and promoted the use of MPEG technologies in a large variety of standardization bodies.

Inhalt

Fundamentals and Evolution of MPEG-2 SYSTEMS Paving the MPEG Road 1
Contents 7
Foreword 13
Preface 15
About the Author 19
Acknowledgements 23
Part One: Backgrounds ofMPEG-2 Systems 27
1 Introduction 29
1.1 The Scope of This Book 33
1.2 Some Definitions 33
References 34
2 Technology Developments Around 1990 35
References 37
3 Developments in Audio and Video Coding in MPEG 39
3.1 The Need for Compression 39
3.1.1 Compression Factors for Audio 40
3.1.2 Compression Factors for Video 40
3.2 MPEG Video 45
3.2.1 Introduction 45
3.2.2 MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 Video Essentials 46
3.2.3 Evolution of MPEG Video 65
3.3 MPEG Audio 73
3.3.1 MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 Audio Essentials 73
3.3.2 Evolution of MPEG Audio 79
References 85
4 Other Important Content Formats 87
4.1 Metadata 87
4.2 Timed Text 90
4.3 Lossless and Scalable Lossless Audio 95
4.4 Multiview Video 95
4.5 3D Video 96
4.5.1 Left and Right Views in a Single Video Stream 99
4.5.2 Depth Information Associated to 2D Video 101
4.5.3 Use of MVC to Convey Left and Right Views 104
4.5.4 Further 3D Video Evolution 105
References 106
5 Motivation for a Systems Standard 109
6 Principles Underlying the MPEG-2 Systems Design 113
6.1 Building an End-to-End System 113
6.1.1 Constant End-to-End Delay 113
6.1.2 Video Coding Delay 114
6.1.3 Audio Coding Delay 120
6.1.4 Delay Compensation 121
6.2 The Multiplex and Demultiplex Operation 123
6.3 Delivery Schedule of MPEG System Streams 132
6.4 Synchronization of Audio and Video 134
6.5 MPEG-2 System Streams and the STD Model 139
6.6 Timing Issues 144
6.6.1 Frequency and Tolerance of the STC in MPEG-1 Systems 145
6.6.2 Regeneration of the STC in System Decoders 147
6.6.3 Frequency and Tolerance of the STC in MPEG-2 Systems 151
6.7 Quality of Service Issues 153
6.8 Transport Layer Independence 157
References 158
7 MPEG-1 Systems: Laying the MPEG-2 Foundation 159
7.1 Driving Forces 159
7.2 Objectives and Requirements 162
7.3 Structure of MPEG-1 System Streams 164
7.4 The MPEG-1 System Target Decoder 169
7.5 The MPEG-1 System Stream 181
7.5.1 Data Structure and Design Considerations 181
7.5.2 Constrained System Parameter Streams 187
7.5.3 Compliancy Requirements of MPEG-1 System Streams 192
7.6 MPEG-1 Applications 194
7.6.1 Compact Disc 194
7.6.2 Computers 195
7.7 Conclusions on MPEG-1 195
References 196
Part Two: The MPEG-2 Systems Standard 197
8 The Development of MPEG-2 Systems 199
8.1 Driving Forces 199
8.2 Objectives and Requirements 202
8.3 The Evolution of MPEG-2 Systems 204
References 211
9 Layering in MPEG-2 Systems 213
9.1 Need for Program Streams and Transport Streams 213
9.2 PES Packets as a Common Layer 214
9.3 Program Streams 215
9.4 Transport Streams 219
9.4.1 Transport Packets 219
9.4.2 Conveying PES Packets in Transport Packets 221
9.4.3 The Size of Transport Packets 222
9.4.4 Multiple Programs, PSI, Descriptors and Sections 225
9.4.5 Conveying Sections in Transport Packets 239
References 240
10 Conditional Access and Scrambling 243
10.1 Support of Conditional Access Systems 243
10.2 Scrambling in Transport Streams 245
10.3 Improving the Interoperability between CA Systems 250
10.4 Scrambling in Program Streams 251
Reference 252
11 Other Features of MPEG-2 Systems 253
11.1 Error Resiliency 253
11.2 Re-Multiplexing of Transport Streams 256
11.3 Local Program Insertion in Transport Streams 260
11.3.1 Usage of Local Program Insertions 260
11.3.2 Associated PSI Issues 261
11.3.3 Time Base Discontinuities 262
11.4 Splicing in Transport Streams 265
11.5 Variable Bitrate and Statistical Multiplexing 271
11.6 Padding and Stuffing 271
11.7 Random Access and Parsing Convenience 274
11.8 Carriage of Private Data 276
11.9 Copyright and Copy Control Support 280
11.10 Playback Trick Modes 281
11.11 Single Program and Partial Transport Streams 281
11.12 Program Stream Carriage within a Transport Stream 284
11.13 PES Streams 286
11.14 Room for Future Extensions 286
References 287
12 The MPEG-2 System Target Decoder Model 289
12.1 Introduction to the MPEG-2 STD 289
12.2 The Program Stream STD: P-STD 290
12.2.1 Description of P-STD 290
12.2.2 Buffer Management in the P-STD 293
12.2.3 CSPS: Constrained System Parameter Program Stream 294
12.2.4 Usage of P-STD for PES-STD 296
12.3 Transport Stream STD: T-STD 301
12.3.1 Description of T-STD 301
12.3.2 The Use of Transport Buffers 305
12.3.3 System Data Processing and Buffer Management 307
12.3.4 Processing of Elementary Stream Data 310
12.3.5 T-STD Buffers for Elementary Stream Decoding 314
12.3.6 Buffer Management for Elementary Stream Data 316
12.4 General STD Constraints and Requirements 316
12.5 Content Format Specific STD Issues 318
12.5.1 Decoding of MPEG Audio Streams in STD Model 318
12.5.2 Decoding of MPEG Video Streams in STD Model 321
13 Data Structure and Design Considerations 325
13.1 System Time Clock Samples and Time Stamps 325
13.2 PES Packets 327
13.3 Descriptors of Programs and Program Elements 335
13.3.1 General Format of Descriptors 335
13.3.2 Types of Descriptors 337
13.3.3 System Orientated Descriptors 337
13.3.4 General Content Descriptors 341
13.4 Program Streams 345
13.5 Sections 352
13.6 Transport Streams and Transport Packets 355
Reference 357
14 Content Support in MPEG-2 Systems 359
14.1 Introduction 359
14.2 MPEG-1 360
14.2.1 MPEG-1 Video 360
14.2.2 MPEG-1 Audio 360
14.2.3 MPEG-1 System Stream 360
14.3 MPEG-2 362
14.3.1 MPEG-2 Video 362
14.3.2 MPEG-2 (BC) Audio 364
14.3.3 MPEG-2 AAC 366
14.3.4 MPEG-2 DSM-CC 367
14.3.5 MPEG-2 System Stream 368
14.3.6 MPEG-2 IPMP 369
14.4 (ITU-T Rec.) H.222.1 369
14.5 MHEG 370
14.6 MPEG-4 371
14.6.1 MPEG-4 Visual 371
14.6.2 MPEG-4 Audio 372
14.6.3 MPEG-4 Timed Text 375
14.6.4 MPEG-4 Systems 376
14.7 AVC 380
14.8 SVC 386
14.9 3D Video 392
14.9.1 Service Compatible and Frame Compatible 3D Video 392
14.9.2 Depth or Parallax Map as Auxiliary Video Stream 395
14.9.3 MVC 396
14.10 JPEG 2000 Video 402
14.11 Metadata 403
14.12 Overview of Assigned Stream-type Values 413
References 415
15 The Real-Time Interface for Transport Streams 417
Reference 422
16 Relationship to Download and Streaming Over IP 423
16.1 IP Networks and MPEG-2 Systems 423
16.2 Streaming Over IP 423
16.3 Download 426
16.4 Carriage of MPEG-2 Systems Across IP Networks 426
16.5 Adaptive HTTP Streaming 427
References 427
17 MPEG-2 System Applications 429
18 The Future of MPEG-2 Systems 433
Reference 438
Epilogue 439
Annexes 449
Index 453

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 20.3.2014
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Nachrichtentechnik
• Schlagworte: Book • Communication technology • Details • developed • Drahtlose Kommunikation • Edition • Electrical & Electronics Engineering • Elektrotechnik u. Elektronik • Evolution • Expert • Field • fundamental • Knowledge • Kommunikationstechnik • Mobile & Wireless Communications • MPEG • MPEG-2 • mpeg systems standard • october • relevant background information • requires • Signal Processing • Signalverarbeitung • Specification • System • system functionality • Technology
• ISBN-13: 9781118875933 / 9781118875933