Intuitive Analog Circuit Design (eBook)

Marc Thompson (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF | EPUB

2013 | 2. Auflage
722 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-12-405908-5 (ISBN)

Infos

Intuitive Analog Circuit Design outlines ways of thinking about analog circuits and systems that let you develop a feel for what a good, working analog circuit design should be. This book reflects author Marc Thompson's 30 years of experience designing analog and power electronics circuits and teaching graduate-level analog circuit design, and is the ideal reference for anyone who needs a straightforward introduction to the subject.

In this book, Dr. Thompson describes intuitive and 'back-of-the-envelope' techniques for designing and analyzing analog circuits, including transistor amplifiers (CMOS, JFET, and bipolar), transistor switching, noise in analog circuits, thermal circuit design, magnetic circuit design, and control systems. The application of some simple rules of thumb and design techniques is the first step in developing an intuitive understanding of the behavior of complex electrical systems.

Introducing analog circuit design with a minimum of mathematics, this book uses numerous real-world examples to help you make the transition to analog design. The second edition is an ideal introductory text for anyone new to the area of analog circuit design.

• LTSPICE files and PowerPoint files available online to assist readers and instructors in simulating circuits found in the text
• Design examples are used throughout the text, along with end-of-chapter examples
• Covers real-world parasitic elements in circuit design and their effects

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Intuitive Analog Circuit Design outlines ways of thinking about analog circuits and systems that let you develop a feel for what a good, working analog circuit design should be. This book reflects author Marc Thompson's 30 years of experience designing analog and power electronics circuits and teaching graduate-level analog circuit design, and is the ideal reference for anyone who needs a straightforward introduction to the subject. In this book, Dr. Thompson describes intuitive and "e;back-of-the-envelope"e; techniques for designing and analyzing analog circuits, including transistor amplifiers (CMOS, JFET, and bipolar), transistor switching, noise in analog circuits, thermal circuit design, magnetic circuit design, and control systems. The application of some simple rules of thumb and design techniques is the first step in developing an intuitive understanding of the behavior of complex electrical systems. Introducing analog circuit design with a minimum of mathematics, this book uses numerous real-world examples to help you make the transition to analog design. The second edition is an ideal introductory text for anyone new to the area of analog circuit design. LTSPICE files and PowerPoint files available online to assist readers and instructors in simulating circuits found in the text Design examples are used throughout the text, along with end-of-chapter examples Covers real-world parasitic elements in circuit design and their effects

Inhalt

Intuitive Analog Circuit Design 4
Copyright 5
Dedication 6
In memoriam 6
Contents 8
Preface to the Second Edition 22
Changes in the second edition 22
Software used by the author 22
Thanks 22
From a Next Generation Analog Designer (?) 24
Chapter 1 - Introduction and Motivation 26
The need for analog designers 26
Some early history of technological advances in analog integrated circuits 28
Digital vs. analog implementation: designer's choice 32
So, why do we become analog designers? 35
Note on nomenclature in this text 35
Note on coverage in this book 35
Further reading 36
Chapter 2 - Review of Signal Processing Basics 40
Review of Laplace transforms, transfer functions, and pole-zero plots 40
First-order system response 42
Second-order systems 50
Free vibration of damped, second-order system 60
Logarithmic decrement13 60
Higher order systems 64
Review of resonant electrical circuits 68
Use of energy methods to analyze undamped resonant circuits 69
Risetime for cascaded systems 71
Chapter 2 problems 73
Further reading 76
Chapter 3 - Review of Diode Physics and the Ideal (and Later, Nonideal) Diode 78
Current flow in insulators, good conductors, and semiconductors 78
Electrons and holes 80
Drift, diffusion, recombination, and generation 83
Effects of semiconductor doping 88
PN junction under thermal equilibrium 91
PN junction under applied forward bias 94
Reverse-biased diode 98
The ideal diode equation 98
Charge storage in diodes 100
Charge storage in the diode under forward bias 101
Reverse recovery in bipolar diodes 102
Reverse breakdown 103
Taking a look at a diode datasheet 104
Some quick comments on Schottky diodes 107
Further reading 110
Chapter 4 - Bipolar Transistor Models 112
A little bit of history 112
Basic NPN transistor 114
Transistor models in different operating regions 117
Low-frequency incremental bipolar transistor model 119
High-frequency incremental model 123
Reading a transistor datasheet 128
Limitations of the hybrid-pi model 133
2N3904 datasheet excerpts22 135
Further reading 141
Chapter 5 - Basic Bipolar Transistor Amplifiers and Biasing 144
The issue of transistor biasing 144
Some transistor amplifiers 148
Further reading 176
Chapter 6 - Amplifier Bandwidth Estimation Techniques 178
Introduction to open-circuit time constants 178
Transistor amplifier examples 184
Short-circuit time constants 209
Further reading 222
Chapter 7 - Advanced Amplifier Topics and Design Examples 224
Note on cascaded gain stages and the effects of loading 224
Worst-case open-circuit time constants calculations 225
High-frequency output and input impedance of emitter follower buffers 236
Bootstrapping 249
Pole splitting 263
Further reading 276
Chapter 8 - BJT High-Gain Amplifiers and Current Mirrors 278
The need to augment the hybrid-pi model 278
Base-width modulation and the extended hybrid-pi model 280
Calculating small-signal parameters using a transistor datasheet 283
Building blocks 286
Further reading 320
Chapter 9 - Introduction to Field-Effect Transistors (FETs) and Amplifiers 322
Early history of field-effect transistors 322
Qualitative discussion of the basic signal MOSFET 322
Figuring out the V-I curve of a MOS device 325
MOS small-signal model (low frequency) 329
MOS small-signal model (high frequency) 332
Basic MOS amplifiers 332
Basic JFETs 354
Further reading 364
Chapter 10 - Large-Signal Switching of Bipolar Transistors and MOSFETs 366
Introduction 366
Development of the large-signal switching model for BJTs 366
BJT reverse-active region 368
BJT saturation 369
BJT base–emitter and base–collector depletion capacitances 371
Relationship between the charge control and the hybrid–pi parameters in bipolar transistors 372
Finding depletion capacitances from the datasheet 373
Manufacturers' testing of BJTs 375
Charge control model examples 376
Large-signal switching of MOSFETs 402
Further reading 413
10 2N2222 NPN transistor datasheet excerpts14 415
10 Si4410DY N-channel MOSFET datasheet excerpts15 420
Chapter 11 - Review of Feedback Systems 424
Introduction and some early history of feedback control 424
Invention of the negative feedback amplifier 425
Control system basics 427
Loop transmission and disturbance rejection 428
Approximate closed-loop gain of a feedback loop 430
Pole locations, damping and relative stability 432
The effects of feedback on relative stability 435
Routh stability criterion (a.k.a. the “Routh test”) 438
The phase margin and gain margin tests 441
Relationship between damping ratio and phase margin 442
Phase margin, step response, and frequency response 442
Loop compensation techniques—lead and lag networks 447
Parenthetical comment on some interesting feedback loops 449
Further reading 487
Chapter 12 - Basic Operational Amplifier Topologies and a Case Study 490
Basic operational amplifier operation 490
A brief review of LM741 op-amp schematic 499
Some real-world limitations of op-amps 502
Noise 508
Further reading 512
Chapter 13 - Review of Current Feedback Operational Amplifiers 514
Conventional voltage-feedback op-amp and the constant “gain–bandwidth product” paradigm 514
Slew-rate limitations in a conventional voltage-feedback op-amp 517
The current-feedback op-amp 518
Absence of slew-rate limit in current-feedback op-amps 522
Manufacturer's datasheet information for a current-feedback amplifier 525
A more detailed model and some comments on current-feedback op-amp limitations 526
Further reading 529
Appendix: LM6181 current-feedback op-amp 532
Chapter 14 - Analog Low-Pass Filters 556
Introduction 556
Review of LPF basics 557
Butterworth filter 558
Comparison of Butterworth, Chebyshev, and Bessel filters 576
Filter implementation 583
Active LPF implementations 599
Some comments on high-pass and band-pass filters 602
Further reading 608
Chapter 15 - Passive Components, Prototyping Issues, and a Case Study in PC Board Layout 610
Resistors 610
Comments on surface-mount resistors 613
Comments on resistor types 613
Capacitors 617
Inductors 620
Discussion of some PC board layout issues 622
Some personal thoughts on prototyping tools 628
Further reading 640
Chapter 16 - Noise 642
Thermal (a.k.a. “Johnson” or “White”) noise in resistors 642
Schottky (“shot”) noise 649
1/f (“pink” or “flicker”) noise 649
Excess noise in resistors 652
“Popcorn” noise (a.k.a. “burst” noise) 652
Bipolar transistor noise 652
Field-effect transistor noise 654
Op-amp noise model 654
Selecting a noise-optimized op-amp 656
Signal-to-noise ratio 660
Things that are not noise 664
Further reading 667
Chapter 17 - Other Useful Design Techniques and Loose Ends 670
Thermal circuits 670
Steady-state model of conductive heat transfer 671
Thermal energy storage 672
Using thermal circuit analogies to determine the static semiconductor junction temperature 675
Mechanical circuit analogies 676
The translinear principle 682
Input impedance of an infinitely long resistive ladder 684
Transmission lines 101 685
Node equations and Cramer's rule 690
Finding natural frequencies of LRC circuits 694
Some comments on scaling laws in nature 698
Geometric scaling 699
Some personal comments on the use and abuse of SPICE modeling 705
Further reading 710
Appendices 712
Appendix 1: Some useful approximations and identities 712
Appendix 2: p, ?, m, k and M 713
Appendix 3: MATLAB scripts for control system examples 713
Index 718

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 12.11.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• ISBN-10: 0-12-405908-2 / 0124059082
• ISBN-13: 978-0-12-405908-5 / 9780124059085