Reactive Power Compensation (eBook)

A Practical Guide

Wolfgang Hofmann, Jürgen Schlabbach, Wolfgang Just (Autoren)

eBook Download: EPUB

2012
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-119-96778-1 (ISBN)

Infos

The comprehensive resource on reactive power compensation, presenting the design, application and operation of reactive power equipment and installations

The area of reactive power compensation is gaining increasing importance worldwide. If suitably designed, it is capable of improving voltage quality significantly, meaning that losses in equipment and power systems are reduced, the permissible loading of equipment can be increased, and the over-all stability of system operation improved. Ultimately, energy use and CO₂ emisson are reduced.

This unique guide discusses the effects of reactive power on generation, transmission and distribution, and looks at the compensation of existing installations in detail. It outlines methods for determination of reactive power and answers the questions that arise when controlling it, for example, at parallel operation with generators. There is also a chapter devoted to installation, maintenance and disturbances.

Key features include:

• A concise overview as well as deep specific knowledge on the segment power factor regulation and network quality
• Theory of reactive power compensation coupled with typical application examples such as car manufacturing, metal rolling and chemical works
• Chapter summaries with charts explaining how to put the theory into practice
• Coverage on the cost-saving aspects of this technology, including the efficient use of energy and the reduction of CO₂

A practical guide for electrical engineers and technicians in utilities, this is also essential reading for maintenance engineers, designers, electrical contractors, manufacturing companies, and researchers, also those in industry and planning agencies. Insightful and clear, the book will also appeal to senior undergraduate and graduate electrical engineering students and professors.

Autor

Wolfgang Hofmann, Reactive Power Engineering, Munich, Germany Jürgen Schlabbach, University of Applied Sciences, Bielefeld, Germany Wolfgang Just, Engineering Consultant, Dorsten, Germany

Inhalt

1 Introduction

Transmission and Utilisation of electrical Energy

Definition of reactive Power and Power Factor

2 Reactive Power Consumers and reactive Power

Consumers in serial Connection

Consumers in parallel Connection

Mixed Connection

Reactive Power of electrical Installations

3 Effects of reactive Power on Generation, Transmission and Distribution

Currents of Generators and Lines

Losses

Generators

Voltage drop

Available Power of Transformers

4 Reactive Power in Energy Contracts

Contractual Regulations of reactive Energy

Contractual Regulations of reactive Power

5 Methods for Determination of reactive Power and Power Factor

6 Improvement of Power Factor

Basics of reactive power compensation

Optimisation of reactive Power by selection of Motors and Load Profile

Compensation by Generators

Compensation by Capacitors

7 Design, Arrangement and Power of Capacitors

Capacitors with Paper Dielectric

Metal-paper Dielectric

Synthetic-film Dielectric

Arrangement and Power of Capacitors

8 Determination of required Power of Capacitors

Basics of Calculation

Calculation for new Installations

9 Types of reactive Power Compensation

Single-type Compensation

Bulk-type Compensation

Central-type Compensation

Mixed Compensation

Advantages and Disadvantages

10 Compensation of existing Installations

11 Control of reactive Power

Controlgear and Control-equipment

Step number and related Power

C/k-value

Reverse Control Scheme (cos j)

Atomatic reactive Power Control

Zero-voltage switching

Reactive Power Control with mixed measuring

Reactive Power Control with multiple infeed

Measuring by Current Transformers

Parallel Operation with multiple infeed

12 Discharging Devices for Capacitors

Discharging Devices for LV-Capacitors

Discharging Devices for MV-Capacitors

13 Protection of Capacitors

Overcurrent and short-circuit Protetction

Overvoltage Protection

Protection against Temperature rise

Unbalance Protection

Protection against internal Faults

14 Switching of Capacitors

Selection of Switchgear

Switching by Semiconductors

Thyristor Switching

Reactive Power Control and Thyristor Control

Dynamic reactive Power Control

SVC

15 Installation, Maintenance and Disturbances

16 Reactive Power Compensation at Plants with Generators

General

4-quadrant Operation

Technical Considerations

Bargaining Considerations

17 Effects Perturbations with Influence of Capacitors in Networks with Harmonics

Network Perturbation and improved Network Quality

Measuring and Analysis

18 Resonances in Power Systems

Affects of Capacitors on the Network with Harmonics

19 Reactor protected Capacitors and Filter Circuits

Effects of Reactor-protected Systems and System Configuration

Reactive Reactors

Design of Reactor-protected Systems

Notes of Selection of Reactors

Filter Circuits

Design of Filter Circuits

Active Filter

Passive Filter

Comparison of active and passive Filter

Neutral Conductor Compensation

20Improvement of Power Quality

Dynamic Compensation System

21 Compensation at Power Converters

Compensation bank operating in parallel with a six-pulse bridge-connected Converter

Power Capacitors in parallel Operation with non-linear loads

Characterisitic Behaviour of reactive Power Controllers at Converters

22 Environmental and Climate Protection using Capacitors

PCB-filled Capacitors

Climate Change and Energy Efficiency through Power Factor Correction

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 23.2.2012
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Schlagworte: Electrical & Electronics Engineering • Electronic materials • Elektronische Materialien • Elektrotechnik u. Elektronik • Energie • Energietechnik • Energy • Halbleiter • Power Technology & Power Engineering • reactive power guide, reactive power reference, reactive power description, reactive power book, reactive power generation, reactive power consumers, LV capacitors • semiconductors
• ISBN-10: 1-119-96778-3 / 1119967783
• ISBN-13: 978-1-119-96778-1 / 9781119967781