Low Temperature Electronics (eBook)

Physics, Devices, Circuits, and Applications

Cor Claeys, Jamal Deen, Edmundo A. Gutierrez-D (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2000 | 1. Auflage
964 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-051050-7 (ISBN)

Infos

Low Temperature Electronics: Physics, Devices, Circuits, and Applications summarizes the recent advances in cryoelectronics starting from the fundamentals in physics and semiconductor devices to electronic systems, hybrid superconductor-semiconductor technologies, photonic devices, cryocoolers and thermal management. Furthermore, this book provides an exploration of the currently available theory, research, and technologies related to cryoelectronics, including treatment of the solid state physical properties of the materials used in these systems.

Current applications are found in infrared systems, satellite communications and medical equipment. There are opportunities to expand in newer fields such as wireless and mobile communications, computers, and measurement and scientific equipment. Low temperature operations can offer certain advantages such as higher operational speeds, lower power dissipation, shorter signal transmission times, higher semiconductor and metal thermal conductivities, and improved digital and analog circuit performance.

The computer, telecommunication, and cellular phone market is pushing the semiconductor industry towards the development of very aggressive device and integrated circuit fabrication technologies. This is taking these technologies towards the physical miniaturization limit, where quantum effects and fabrication costs are becoming a technological and economical barrier for further development. In view of these limitations, operation of semiconductor devices and circuits at low temperature (cryogenic temperature) is studied in this book.



* It is a book intended for a wide audience: students, scientists, technology development engineers, private companies, universities, etc.
* It contains information which is for the first time available as an all-in-one source, Interdisciplinary material is arranged and made compatible in this book
* It is a must as reference source

Inhalt

Cover 1
Contents 6
Foreword 10
General Overview 12
Chapter 1. Physics of Silicon at Cryogenic Temperatures 22
1.1 Introduction 22
1.2 Energy Distribution and Charge Carriers 23
1.3 Semiconductor Surface-Related Phenomena 62
1.4 Charge Ionization 74
1.5 Thermal Properties and Electrothermal Effects 91
1.6 Optical Properties 106
1.7 Conclusions 115
References 117
Chapter 2. Silicon Devices and Circuits 126
2.1 Introduction 126
2.2 The Bulk MOS Transistor 127
2.3 The Silicon-on-Insulator MOS Transistor 178
2.4 The Bipolar Transistor 206
2.5 Radiation Detectors 215
2.6 Circuits 232
2.7 Conclusions 260
References 261
Chapter 3. Reliability Aspects of Cryogenic Silicon Technologies 280
3.1 Introduction 280
3.2 High Electrical Field Transport Phenomena in Si at Cryogenic Temperatures 281
3.3 Avalanche and Breakdown Effects in Si Resistors and Bipolar Devices at Low Temperature 295
3.4 Avalanche and Breakdown Phenomena in Cryogenic MOSFETs 311
3.5 Hot Carrier Degradation and Reliability at Low Temperatures 352
3.6 Conclusions 379
References 380
Chapter 4. Radiation Effects and Low-Frequency Noise in Silicon Technologies 406
4.1 Introduction 406
4.2 Radiation Effects at Low Temperature 408
4.3 Low-Frequency Noise at Cryogenic Temperatures 451
4.4 Conclusions 506
References 510
Chapter 5. Heterostructure and Compound Semiconductor Devices 532
5.1 Introduction 532
5.2 GaAs Field-Effect Transistors 542
5.3 High Electron Mobility Transistors 562
5.4 Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors 579
5.5 Resonant Tunneling Diodes 599
5.6 Circuits and Applications 638
Acknowledgments 647
References 647
Chapter 6. Compound Heterostructure Semiconductor Lasers and Photodetectors 668
6.1 Introduction 668
6.2 Compound Semiconductor Lasers 670
6.3 InP / InGaAs Avalanche Photodiodes 757
6.4 Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors 779
6.5 PIN and Other Photodetectors and Cryogenic Application Systems 822
Acknowledgments 832
References 832
Chapter 7. High-Temperature Superconductor/Semiconducto r Hybrid Microwave Devices and Circuits 862
7.1 Introduction 862
7.2 High-Temperature Superconducting Films: Fabrication and Characterization 864
7.3 Filters 886
7.4 Antennas 887
7.5 Oscillators 892
7.6 Hybrid Superconductor/Semiconductor Receiver Front Ends 899
7.7 Conclusions 909
References 910
Chapter 8. Cryocooling and Thermal Management 922
8.1Introduction 922
8.2 Obtainment of Cryogenic Liquids 923
8.3 Fundamentals of Cryogenic Processes 924
8.4 Basic Cooling Methods 928
8.5 Thermoelectronic Cooling 934
8.6 Generation of Ultralow Cryogenic Temperatures 936
8.7 Cryostats 941
8.8 Thermal Management 946
8.9 Conclusions 952
References 955
Chapter 9. Applications, Trends, and Perspectives 956
Index 974

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 25.10.2000
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• ISBN-10: 0-08-051050-7 / 0080510507
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-051050-7 / 9780080510507