Electric Power Quality (eBook)

Surajit Chattopadhyay, Madhuchhanda Mitra, Samarjit Sengupta (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2011 | 2011
XXII, 182 Seiten
Springer Netherlands (Verlag)
978-94-007-0635-4 (ISBN)

Infos

In the present day deregulated power market electric power quality issues have become great concerns of utilities, end users and manufacturers. Worldwide researches are going on to address those issues. Electric Power Quality has evolved from the researches carried out by the authors.

The key features of the book can be highlighted as follows: the contents focuses, on one hand, different power quality issues, their sources and effects and different related standards, which are required for students, researchers and practising engineers and, on the other hand, measurement techniques for different power quality parameters, the content level is designed in such a way that the concepts of different power quality issues in modern power system are built up first, followed by some existing and new measurement methods. This content should attract the students, researchers and practising engineers, the predominant features are Lucid but concise description of the subject, detailed new measurement techniques and Electric Power Quality is intended for graduate, postgraduate and researchers as well as for professionals in the related fields.

At the end, a chapter has been added which deals with a concept of generation of harmonics in a power system and its components.

Surajit Chattopadhyay has obtained B. Sc. Degree in Physics Honours from Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandir, B. Tech., M. Tech. And Ph. D. (Technology) Degree in electrical engineering from Department of Applied Physics of University of Calcutta. He has been involved in research work on power quality in the Department of Applied Physics. He is the recipient of award for 'best research paper' by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and Government of West Bengal in 2005. He has authored 35 papers published in international and national journals and conferences. Three of his papers have been selected as best paper in international level. He has presented papers in Lyon, France, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Dhaka, Bangladesh. He has industrial experience on computer interfacing in electrical applications and for last eight years he has been involved in teaching profession in degree and post graduate level. Presently, he is assistant professor in Hooghly Engineering & Technology College and visiting faculty of Department of Applied Physics of University of Calcutta. He is member of IET (UK). His field of interest includes power system protection, power quality and computer interfacing in electrical applications. He has coauthored one book on Basic Electrical Engineering.

Madhuchhanda Mitra has obtained B. Sc. Degree in Physics Honours, B. Tech., M. Tech. and Ph. D. Degree in Electrical Engineering from Univerisity of Calcutta. She has authored more than 60 papers published in international journal and proceedings of international conference. She is the recipient of many best paper awards in national and international level. Presently she is readerr in the Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta. Her field of interest power quality and medical instrumentation. She has coauthored a book on PLC and industrial automation.

Samarjit Sengupta has obtained B. Sc. Degree in Physics Honours, B. Tech., M. Tech. and Ph. D. Degree in Electrical Engineering from Univerisity of Calcutta. He has authored more than 75 papers published in international journal and proceedings of international conference. He is the recipient of many best paper awards in national and international level. Presently he is professor and Head of the Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta. His field of interest includes power system protection, power quality and Power System Stability. He is vice chairman of IET (UK) Kolkata Network. He has coauthored books on Basic Electrical Engineering, PLC and industrial automation.

Inhalt

Foreword 5
Preface 6
Contents 8
List Principal Symbols and Acronyms 14
1 Introduction 22
1.1 Definition of Electric Power Quality 22
1.2 Sources for Electric Power Quality Deterioration in a Power System 22
1.3 Need for Assessment of Electric Power Quality 23
1.4 Book at a Glance 23
2 Electric Power Quality 25
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 Electric Power Quality 25
2.3 Classification of Power System Disturbances 27
2.4 Power Quality Standards and Guidelines 28
3 Unbalance 33
3.1 Introduction 33
3.2 Unbalance in Three Phase Power System 33
3.3 Sources of Unbalance 34
3.4 Effect of Unbalance 34
4 Harmonics 36
4.1 Introduction 36
4.2 Fundamental Wave 36
4.3 Harmonics 37
4.4 Sources of Harmonics 40
4.4.1 Magnetization Nonlinearities of Transformers 41
4.4.2 Rotating Machine 42
4.4.3 Distortion Caused by Arcing Devices 43
4.4.4 Power Supplies with Semiconductor Devices 43
4.4.5 Inverter Fed AC drives 43
4.4.6 Thyristor Controlled Reactors 43
4.4.7 Phase Controller 44
4.4.8 AC Regulators 44
4.5 Effects of Harmonics 44
4.5.1 Resonance 45
4.5.2 Poor Damping 45
4.5.3 Effects of Harmonics on Rotating Machines 45
4.5.4 Effects of Harmonics on Transformers 46
4.5.5 Effects of Harmonics on Transmission System 46
4.5.6 Effects of Harmonics on Measuring Instruments 47
4.5.7 Harmonic Interference with Power System Protection 48
4.5.8 Effects of Harmonics on Capacitor Banks 48
4.5.9 Effects of Harmonics on Consumer Equipment 48
4.5.10 Summary of Effects of Harmonics 49
4.6 Harmonic Standard 50
4.6.1 The IEC Standard 50
4.6.2 IEEE 519-1992 51
4.6.3 General Harmonic Indices 52
5 Transients 54
5.1 Introduction 54
5.2 Power System Transients 54
5.3 Causes of Power System Transients 55
5.3.1 Impulsive Transients 56
5.3.2 Oscillatory Transients 56
5.3.3 Multiple Transients with a Single Cause 56
5.4 Effects 57
6 Sag, Swell, Interruption, Undervoltage and Overvoltage 58
6.1 Introduction 58
6.2 Sag 58
6.3 Swell 59
6.4 Interruption 59
6.5 Sustained Interruption 60
6.6 Undervoltage 60
6.7 Overvoltage 61
6.8 Discussion 61
7 DC Offset, Electric Noise, Voltage Fluctuation, Flicker and Power Frequency Variation 62
7.1 Introduction 62
7.2 DC Offset 62
7.3 Electric Noise 63
7.4 Voltage Fluctuation 63
7.5 Flicker 64
7.6 Power Frequency Variations 64
7.7 Discussion 64
8 Unbalance Assessment Using Sequence Components 66
8.1 Introduction 66
8.2 Sequence Component 66
8.2.1 Positive Sequence Current and Voltage Components 67
8.2.2 Negative Sequence Current and Voltage Components 68
8.2.3 Zero Sequence Current and Voltage Components 69
8.3 Phase Currents and Voltages 69
8.3.1 Balanced System 69
8.3.2 Unbalanced System 70
8.4 `a' Operator and Angle Representation in Complex Plane 71
8.5 Currents and Voltages in Terms of Sequence Components with `a' Operator 72
8.6 Case Study on Unbalance 73
8.6.1 Single Phasing in Induction Motor 73
8.6.2 Line Currents during Single Phasing 73
8.6.3 Sequence Components in Single Phasing 74
8.6.4 Line Currents and Sequence Components 78
8.7 Definition of Unbalance: An Alternate Approach 80
9 Unbalance Assessment Using Feature Pattern Extraction Method 82
9.1 Introduction 82
9.2 Feature Pattern Extraction Method 82
9.3 Unbalance and FPEM 83
9.4 CMS Rule Set for Unbalance Assessment by FPEM 86
9.5 Algorithm for Unbalance Assessment 92
9.6 Discussion 93
10 Useful Tools for Harmonic Assessment 95
10.1 Introduction 95
10.2 Fourier Series 96
10.3 Fourier Transform 97
10.4 Discrete Fourier Transform 98
10.5 Fast Fourier Transform 98
10.6 Hartley Transform and Discrete Hartley Transform 99
10.7 Wavelet Transform 99
10.8 Discussion 100
11 Harmonic Assessment Using FPEM in V-V and I-I Planes 101
11.1 Introduction 101
11.2 Harmonic Assessment by FPEM 101
11.3 Patterns in V-V Planes in Presence of Harmonic 102
11.4 CMS Rule for Determination of Highest order of Dominating Harmonics 104
11.5 Limitation of FPEM for Harmonic Assessment in V-V and I-I Plane 105
11.6 Algorithm for Real Power System Data 105
11.7 Discussions 106
12 Clarke and Park Transform 107
12.1 Introduction 107
12.2 Current Space Vector 107
12.3 Stationary Reference Frame 108
12.4 General Rotating Reference Frame 110
12.5 d-q Rotating Reference Frame 111
12.6 Transformation Matrices 112
12.7 Discussion 114
13 Harmonics Assessment by FPEM in Clarke and Park Planes 115
13.1 Introduction 115
13.2 Harmonic Analysis in Clarke Plane 116
13.3 Harmonic Analysis in Park Plane 121
13.4 Discussion 124
14 Harmonic Assessment by Area Based Technique in V--V and I--I Planes 125
14.1 Introduction 125
14.2 Area Based Technique (ABT) 125
14.2.1 Area and Powers 125
14.2.2 Fundamental Frequency and Reference Signal for Assessment of Fundamental Component 127
14.2.3 Reference Signal for Assessmentof Harmonic Components 128
14.2.4 Contribution of Fundamental Component 129
14.2.5 Contribution of Harmonic Components 130
14.2.6 CMS Equations for Total Harmonic Distortion Factors 131
14.3 Algorithm 131
14.4 Discussion 131
15 Harmonic Assessment by Area Based Technique in Clarke and Park Planes 133
15.1 Introduction 133
15.2 Voltage and Current in Clarke (bold0mu mumu Raw-bold0mu mumu Raw) Plane 134
15.3 Reference Signal for Assessment of Fundamental Component 135
15.4 Fundamental Components in Clarke Plane 135
15.5 Harmonic Components in Clarke Plane 137
15.6 CMS Equations for Total Harmonic Distortion in Clarke Plane 139
15.7 Voltages and Currents in Park (d--q) Plane 140
15.8 Reference Signal in Park Plane 141
15.9 Fundamental Components in Park Plane 142
15.10 Harmonic Components in Park Plane 144
15.11 CMS Equations for Total Harmonic Distortion Factors 146
15.12 Discussion 147
16 Assessment of Power Components by FPEM and ABT 148
16.1 Introduction 148
16.2 Power Components by FPEM 148
16.3 CMS Rule Set for Power Components by FPEM 153
16.4 Limitations of CMS Rule Set for Power Components by FPEM 154
16.5 Power Component Assessment by Area Based Technique 154
16.6 Power Components of R, Y and B Phases 155
16.6.1 Contribution of Fundamental Components 155
16.6.2 Contribution of Harmonic Components 156
16.7.1 Contribution of Fundamental Components 157
16.7.2 Contribution of Harmonic Components 159
16.8 Power Components in Park Plane 162
16.8.1 Contribution of Fundamental Components 162
16.8.2 Contribution of Harmonic Components in Park Plane 164
16.9 CMS Equations for Power Distortion Factors 166
16.9.1 Active Power Distortion Factor in Phase R 166
16.9.2 Reactive Power Distortion Factor in Phase R 166
16.9.3 Apparent Power Distortion Factor in Phase R 166
16.9.4 Active Power Distortion Factor in Clarke Plane 167
16.9.5 Reactive Power Distortion Factor in Clarke Plane 167
16.9.6 Active Power Distortion Factor in Park Plane 167
16.9.7 Reactive Power Distortion Factor in Park Plane 167
16.10 Discussion 168
17 Transients Analysis 169
17.1 Introduction 169
17.2 Sub-band Filters 169
17.3 Model Based Approaches 170
17.4 ESPRIT Method 171
17.5 Suitability of ESPRIT 171
17.6 Discussion 172
18 Passivity and Activity Based Models of Polyphase System 174
18.1 Introduction 174
18.2 Passivity Based Model 174
18.2.1 Mathematical Model 174
18.2.2 Equivalent Circuit of Passive Model of a Polyphase System 176
18.2.3 Layer Based Representation of Passive Impedances 177
18.2.4 Limitation of Passive Model 178
18.3 CMS Activity Based Model 178
18.3.1 Mathematical Model 178
18.3.2 Equivalent Circuit of Active Model 179
18.3.3 Layer Based Representation of Active Model 180
18.4 Mutual Interaction of Voltage and Current of Different Frequencies in Park Plane 182
18.5 Active Model of a System having Harmonics up to Third Order: A Case Study 182
18.6 Nature of Active Impedance 184
18.7 Case Study of Active Model on Poly-phase Induction Machine 185
18.8 Discussion 190
Index 191

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 28.3.2011
• Reihe/Serie: Power Systems
• Zusatzinfo: XXII, 182 p.
• Verlagsort: Dordrecht
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Schlagworte: Clarke and Park Transformation • Electric Power • Fast Fourier transform • Harmonics in Power Systems • Power Quality
• ISBN-10: 94-007-0635-9 / 9400706359
• ISBN-13: 978-94-007-0635-4 / 9789400706354