Cooperation in Wireless Networks: Principles and Applications (eBook)

Real Egoistic Behavior is to Cooperate!

Frank H. P. Fitzek, Marcos D. Katz (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2006 | 2006
LII, 641 Seiten
Springer Netherlands (Verlag)
978-1-4020-4711-4 (ISBN)

Infos

Cooperation in Wireless Networks: Principles and Applications covers the underlying principles of cooperative techniques as well as several applications demonstrating the use of such techniques in practical systems. The book is written in a collaborative manner by several authors from Asia, America, and Europe. This book puts into one volume a comprehensive and technically rich appraisal of the wireless communications scene from a cooperation point of view.

Frank H. P. Fitzek is an Associate Professor in the Department of Communication Technology, University of Aalborg, Denmark heading the Future Vision group. His current research interests are in the areas of 4G wireless communication networks, cross layer protocol design and cooperative networking.

Dr. Fitzek received his diploma (Dipl.-Ing.) degree in electrical engineering from the University of Technology - Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) - Aachen, Germany, in 1997 and his Ph.D. (Dr.-Ing.) in Electrical Engineering from the Technical University Berlin, Germany in 2002 for quality of service support in wireless CDMA networks. As a visiting student at the Arizona State University he conducted research in the field of video services over wireless networks. He co-founded the start-up company acticom GmbH in Berlin in 1999. In 2002 he was Adjunct Professor at the University of Ferrara, Italy giving lectures on wireless communications and conducting research on multi-hop networks. In 2005 he won the YRP award for the work on MIMO MDC.

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Cooperation is known as an effective strategy in nature to achieve individual or common goals by forming cooperative groups. As the cross over between nature and engineering has always been fruitful, Cooperation in Wireless Networks: Principles and Applications advocates the use of cooperative strategies in the field of wireless communications. Whether to cooperate or act autonomously, i.e., in a more selfish manner, has to be decided by each wireless terminal individually. Following the rule "e;The real egoistic behavior is to cooperate"e;, mutual aid among terminals will be applied if and only if it is beneficial for all group members. Cooperation in Wireless Networks: Principles and Applications covers the underlying principles of cooperative techniques as well as several applications demonstrating the use of such techniques in practical systems. The work is written in a collaborative manner by several authors from Asia, America, and Europe. Twenty chapters introduce and discuss in detail the main cooperative strategies for the whole communication protocol stack from the application layer down to the physical layer. Furthermore power saving strategies, security, hardware realization, and user scenarios for cooperative communication systems are introduced and discussed. The book also summarizes the strength of cooperation for upcoming generation of wireless communication systems, clearly motivating the use of cooperative techniques and pointing out that cooperation will become one of the key technologies enabling 4G and beyond. This book puts into one volume a comprehensive and technically rich view of the wireless communications scene from a cooperation point of view.

Inhalt

Contents 7
List of Figures 13
List of Tables 25
Contributing Authors 27
Foreword 43
Foreword 45
Acknowledgments 47
Preface 49
1 COOPERATION IN NATURE AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 53
1. Basics of Cooperation 54
2. The Prisoner’s Dilemma 57
3. The Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma 59
4. N–person Prisoner’s Dilemma 62
5. Stimulating Cooperative Behavior 64
6. Cooperation in Wireless Communication Systems 65
7. Cooperative Principles in Wireless Communications: The Future 76
8. Conclusion 78
References 78
2 COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATIONS 81
1. Introduction 82
2. A Brief History of Relaying 83
3. Preliminaries of Relaying 86
4. Relaying: Fundamental Limits 90
5. Practical Strategies for Relaying Information 103
6. Conclusion 113
Notes 113
References 114
3 COOPERATION, COMPETITIONANDCOGNITION IN WIRELESS NETWORKS 121
1. Introduction 123
2. Cooperative Diversity Preliminaries 126
3. Cooperative Beamforming System Model and Beampattern 136
4. Cognitive Radio Preliminaries 140
5. Summary and Remarks 148
References 149
4 COOPERATION TECHNIQUES INCROSS-LAYER DESIGN 153
1. Introduction 154
2. Cross-layer Design 155
3. Node Cooperation in Wireless Networks 159
4. Node Cooperation with Cross-layer Design 160
5. Design Examples 162
References 176
5 NETWORK CODING IN WIRELESS NETWORKS 179
1. Introduction 180
2. Model 184
3. Distributed random network coding 185
4. Cost minimization 194
5. Further directions and results 207
Notes 210
References 210
6 COOPERATIVE DIVERSITY 215
1. Introduction 215
2. Elements of Cooperative Diversity 216
3. Cooperative Diversity in Existing Network Architectures 225
4. Discussion and Future Directions 232
References 235
7 COOPERATION IN AD-HOC NETWORKS 241
1. Introduction 242
2. Limits of Multihop 247
3. Spectrum Cooperation 255
4. Topology Aware Ad Hoc Networks 259
5. Hybrid Networks and 4G 264
6. Discussion and Conclusions 266
Notes 269
References 269
8 MULTI-ROUTE AND MULTI-USER DIVERSITY IN INFRASTRUCTURE- BASED MULTI- HOP NETWORKS 275
1. Introduction 275
2. Multi-route Diversity and Multi-user Diversity 277
3. Cooperative Induced Multi-user Diversity Routing for Multi- hop Infrastructure- based Networks with Mobile Relays 284
4. Simulation Results 290
5. Conclusion 291
References 292
9 COGNITIVE RADIO ARCHITECTURE 295
1. Introduction 296
2. Architecture 305
3. CRA I: Functions, Components and Design Rules 306
4. CRA II: The Cognition Cycle 326
5. CRA III: The Inference Hierarchy 331
6. CRA IV: Architecture Maps 340
7. CRA V: Building the CRA on SDR Architectures 346
8. Commercial CRA 359
9. Future Direction 361
Notes 361
References 362
10 STABILITY AND SECURITY IN WIRELESS COOPERATIVE NETWORKS 365
1. Introduction 366
2. Sustaining Cooperation 367
3. Dynamics of Cooperative Communication Systems 383
4. Conclusions and Discussion 409
References 409
11 POWER CONSUMPTION AND SPECTRUM USAGEPARADIGMSINCOOPERATIVEWIRELESS NETWORKS 417
1. Motivation 418
2. System under Investigation 418
3. Time Division Multiple Access Cooperation 419
4. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access Cooperation 430
5. Conclusion 437
References 438
12 COOPERATIVE ANTENNA SYSTEMS 439
1. Introducing Antenna Cooperation 440
2. Antenna Systems and Algorithms : Foundations and Principles Antenna Systems 443
3. Channel Conditions, Measurements and Modeling: Practical Channels Simultaneous Channel Sounding Principles 450
4. Radio Systems : Performance Investigation Capacity of Short Range Cooperative Channels 457
5. General Conclusions on Practical Antenna Cooperation 468
References 470
13 DISTRIBUTED ANTENNAS: THE CONCEPT OF VIRTUAL ANTENNA ARRAYS 473
1. Introduction 474
2. Background & State-of-the-Art
3. Basic Application Principles 481
4. Closed-Form Capacity Expressions 484
5. Resource Allocation Protocols 495
6. Case Studies & Observations
Conclusions 510
References 511
14 COOPERATION IN 4G NETWORKS 515
1. Introduction 515
2. Defining 4G 517
3. Cooperation Opportunities in 4G 528
4. Discussions and Conclusions 543
References 545
15 COOPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN THE IEEE 802 WIRELESS STANDARDS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES 549
1. Introduction 550
2. Mesh MAC Enhancement in IEEE 802.11s 551
3. Mesh Mode Operation in IEEE 802.15 553
4. Mesh Mode Operation in IEEE 802.16 555
5. Mobile Multihop Relay PHY/MAC Enhancement for IEEE 802.16e 555
6. Cognitive Radio/Spectrum Sharing Techniques in IEEE 802.22 558
7. Conclusions 564
References 565
16 COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATION WITH MULTIPLE DESCRIPTION CODING 567
1. Introduction 568
2. Multiple Description Coding (MDC) Basics 571
3. Optimizing Multiple Description Coding for losses in the Cooperative Context 582
4. MDC with Conditional Compression (MDC–CC) 586
5. Discussion 591
6. Conclusion 594
References 596
17 COOPERATIVE HEADER COMPRESSION 599
1. Header Compression Principles 600
2. Cooperative Header Compression 602
3. Application Fields of the Cooperative Header Compression 607
4. Tradeoff Between Compression Gain, Robustness and Bandwidth Savings 611
5. Conclusion 616
Notes 617
References 617
18 ENERGY AWARE TASK ALLOCATION IN COOPERATIVE WIRELESS NETWORKS 619
1. Introduction 620
2. Motivating Scenarios 623
3. Energy Aware Computing in Cooperative Networks 625
4. Modeling and Simulating Cooperative Energy Aware Computing 632
5. Effects of System Parameters 634
6. Summary 639
References 641
19 COOPERATIVECODINGANDITS APPLICATION TO OFDM SYSTEMS 645
1. Introduction 645
2. System Model 646
3. Performance Analysis of Coded Cooperative OFDM Systems 647
4. Simulation Results 651
5. Conclusions 656
References 656
20 COOPERATIVE METHODS FOR SPATIAL CHANNEL CONTROL 659
1. Introduction 659
2. Overview of SCC Methods 660
3. SCC with Multiple APs for High Density Hot Spots Scenario 663
4. SCC with Multiple BSs for Multi-Cell Outdoor Systems 671
5. Summary 679
References 679
GLOSSARY 683
Index 691

Textauszug

Chapter 2 COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATIONS (p. 29)

Fundamental Limits and Practical Implementation

Arnab Chakrabarti
Rice University

Ashutosh Sabharwal
Rice University

Behnaam Aazhang
Rice UniversityAbstract:
This chapter summarizes theoretically achievable gains and the construction of practical codes for user-cooperation. Most of these results relate to the relay channel, which is a three-terminal channel that captures the essence of usercooperation and serves as one of the primary building blocks for cooperation on a larger scale. In investigating the fundamental limits of relaying, we present information-theoretic results on the achievable throughput of relay channel in mutual-information terms.

We also include results on Gaussian channels, and for the practically important case of half-duplex relaying. In the domain of relay coding, we specifically discuss pragmatic code constructions for half as well as full-duplex relaying, using LDPC codes as components.

Keywords: wireless communication, user cooperation, relay, broadcast, multiple access, decode-and-forward, estimate-and-forward, amplify-and-forward, information theory, coding, LDPC, max-flow min-cut

1. Introduction

Cooperative communication is one of the fastest growing areas of research, and it is likely to be a key enabling technology for efficient spectrum use in future. 1 The key idea in user-cooperation is that of resource-sharing among multiple nodes in a network. The reason behind the exploration of user-cooperation is that willingness to share power and computation with neighboring nodes can lead to savings of overall network resources.

Mesh networks provide an enormous application space for user-cooperation strateges to be implemented. In traditional communication networks, the physical layer is only responsible for communicating information from one node to another. In contrast, usercooperation implies a paradigm shift, where the channel is not just one link but the network itself.

The current chapter summarizes the fundamental limits achievable by cooperative communication, and also discusses practical code constructions that carry the potential to reach these limits. Cooperation is possible whenever the number of communicating terminals exceeds two. Therefore, a three-terminal network is a fundamental unit in usercooperation.

Indeed, a vast portion of the literature, especially in the realm of information theory, has been devoted to a special three-terminal channel, labeled the relay channel. The focus of our discussion will be the relay channel, and its various extensions. In contrast, there is also a prominent portion of literature devoted to cooperation as viewed from a network-wide perspective, which we will only briefly allude to.

Our emphasis is on user-cooperation in the domain of wireless communication, and the fundamental limits that we discuss are information theoretic in nature. In this regard, we first bound the achievable rates of relaying using mutual information expressions involving inputs and outputs of the cooperating nodes. We then investigate relaying in the context of Gaussian channels, and summarize known results for well-known relaying protocols.

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 25.7.2006
• Zusatzinfo: LII, 641 p.
• Verlagsort: Dordrecht
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Nachrichtentechnik
• Schlagworte: 4G/5G Wireless Networks • ad hoc communication • algorithm • Coding • Cognitive Radio • Communication • Communication Systems • Cooperation • cross layer design • Hardware • IEEE 80 • IP communication • MIMO • Modeling • Network • network coding • Next Generation Mobile Networks (4G) • Radio • security • stability • Standard • Standards • Wireless Network
• ISBN-10: 1-4020-4711-8 / 1402047118
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-4711-4 / 9781402047114