Western Intervention in the Middle East and North Africa
Routledge (Verlag)
9781032705958 (ISBN)
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Focusing on the United States and the United Kingdom, this book examines two pivotal cases - Libya (2011) and Syria (2011–2013) - to reveal how decisions under the third pillar of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) are shaped less by universal norms than by nationally constructed identities and interests. Through detailed case studies, qualitative interviews, and extensive engagement with social constructivist theory, the book demonstrates how the U.S. and U.K. positioned themselves as ‘intervener’ in Libya but as ‘non-intervener’ in Syria, and how the Libya experience itself influenced subsequent restraint in Syria. By tracing the complex interaction of social, political, and institutional factors, it challenges the assumption that R2P operates as a purely international agenda and instead uncovers the national-level dynamics that determine whether and how military interventions occur.
Essential reading for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners in international relations, human rights, and Middle East and North African studies, this book provides critical insights into the politics of atrocity prevention and highlights the nuanced conditions required for future third pillar responses.
Josephine S. Jackson is an academic-practitioner, working in both policy and academia. She was recently an Associate Lecturer in Foundation History and International Relations at the University of St Andrews in Scotland. She continues to be involved with St Andrews’ Centre for Global Law and Governance and the Institute for Middle East, Central Asia, and Caucasus Studies. Her research focuses on U.S. and U.K. foreign policy and national security; NATO decision-making and the use of force; Western Europe, Middle East, and North Africa regions; genocide and mass atrocity prevention and response; Responsibility to Protect (R2P); international humanitarian law and ethics; and ethical governance of artificial intelligence and Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS). She is a Truman National Security Fellow and mentors the Carnegie Council for Ethics and International Affairs’ Carnegie Ethics Fellows.
CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Introduction
I. Introduction
Situating an Old Problem Within a Contemporary Context
The R2P: Establishment and Advancement
II. Analytical Framework
Constructivism: Social Realities of International Relations
Constructivism and R2P in Research
III. Methodology
Case Study Selection and Justification – Why Libya and Syria?
Data Generation
Successes, Challenges, and Limitations
IV. Book Structure
Chapter 2 Background of Libya and Syria: Instability, Tensions, and Abuses
I. Introduction
II. Libya – Background
Instability of the State
The Role of Outside Powers
Human Rights Abuses
The Arab Spring Arrives in Libya
III. Syria – Background
Instability of the State
The Role of Outside Powers
Human Rights Abuses
The Arab Spring Arrives in Syria
IV. Conclusion
Chapter 3 R2P in Perception (Pre-Intervention): History, Knowledge, and Influences
I. Introduction
II. U.S.-U.K. Actor Perceptions of R2P
The Need for R2P: Rwanda, Srebrenica, and Kosovo
The Road to R2P: Advocacy and Engagement
R2P as a Humanitarian Concept: Unfamiliarity and Unawareness
R2P Implementation: Actor Ideas About Best Practices
III. Situating R2P Strategies in Context
The U.S., the U.K., and Libya: Missing Links
The ‘Benghazi Moment’: Accelerating the Response
U.N. Security Council Membership: Gatekeepers for R2P
IV. National Interests, Responsibilities, and Limitations
No Common Cause: Widening the National Interest
The Resources Problem: Priorities and Deficiencies
The Pressure Builds: Decision Points and R2P
V. Conclusion
Chapter 4 R2P in Practice (Intervention): Applications, Problems, and Adjustments
I. Introduction
II. The Early Stage: An Intervention Dilemma
From Operation Odyssey Dawn (OOD) to Operation Unified Protector (OUP): No Simple Way
Undertaking Third Pillar Intervention: The Problem of Who
NATO Clears the Threshold: Transitioning, Shadowing, and Advancing
III. The Mid/Late Stages: Hard Realities of Intervention
NATO’s First Battle: Making the System Work
Shaping R2P: Language, Meanings, and Standards
OUP Becomes Intensified: NATO’s Challenges and Problems
OUP in Paralysis: The Intentions and the Activities
OUP Concludes: The End
IV. Conclusion
Chapter 5 R2P in Reflection: Learning, Evaluation, and Deliberation
I. Introduction
II. Libya
OUP’s Successes and Accomplishments
OUP’s Failings and Lessons
The Post-OUP Clash of Visions
III. Syria
Engendering Non-Intervention: Misconceptions, Overlearning, and
the Escalation Dynamic
Seminal Yet Insufficient: The Shabbiha, Homs, and Ghouta
U.N. Security Council Dynamics: The Struggle for Results
Weighing Militarized Intervention: What It Would Take
IV. Conclusion
Chapter 6 Conclusion
References
Appendix I: Text of the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ (R2P)
Appendix II: Personal Interviews with Author
Appendix III: List of Abbreviations
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 27.3.2026 |
|---|---|
| Reihe/Serie | Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern Politics |
| Verlagsort | London |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Maße | 156 x 234 mm |
| Gewicht | 453 g |
| Themenwelt | Sozialwissenschaften ► Politik / Verwaltung ► Europäische / Internationale Politik |
| Sozialwissenschaften ► Soziologie ► Spezielle Soziologien | |
| ISBN-13 | 9781032705958 / 9781032705958 |
| Zustand | Neuware |
| Informationen gemäß Produktsicherheitsverordnung (GPSR) | |
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