Formation of Adult Learning Systems in Central Europe (eBook)

Jan Kalenda (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2024
244 Seiten
Springer Nature Switzerland (Verlag)
978-3-031-59827-2 (ISBN)

Infos

This book explores the formation and development of the cross-national patterns of adult learning systems between 1989 and 2019 in four Central European countries: the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland. Drawing on the approach of the political economy of adult education and historical institutionalism, the book closely examines (1) how the institutional settings in these countries have formed, evolved and contributed to overall participation in adult education and training, (2) how they have shaped patterns of participation and unequal chances to be involved in this social activity, as well as (3) perceived barriers to access organized learning and related governmental policies.

This book offers a contemporary overview of key findings regarding adult learning systems. It delves into the factors that influence participation in adult education and training. Through the utilization of the novel framework, GALS (Global Adult Learning Space), the book not only highlights a crucial distinction among adult learning systems within the region but also presents in-depth case studies of these systems in Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia spanning a 30-year period. Despite these countries sharing similar institutional backgrounds and societal challenges, the book reveals that their adult learning systems have undergone divergent trajectories over the past three decades. This book will be useful to researchers and scholars in the fields of adult education, comparative education, welfare policy, sociology of education, and European studies.

 

Inhalt

Series Editors’ Note 7
Preface 9
Contents 11
Abbreviations 16
List of Figures 18
List of Tables 22
Part I: Introduction 24
Chapter 1: The Objective of the Book 25
1.1 Content of the Publication 26
1.2 Significance of AET 27
1.3 Adult Learning Systems 28
1.4 Un-systemic Nature of ALSs 28
1.5 Adult Education and Training 29
1.6 Participation Constraints 31
1.7 Central Europe: Spatial-Temporal Framework 32
Part II: Theory 34
Chapter 2: Typologies of ALS 35
2.1 Two Theoretical Approaches to ALSs 36
2.1.1 Typologies Built from Above 37
Formal Education Systems and AET 37
Welfare State Regime Typology and AET 39
Empirical Support 40
Variety of Capitalism Typology and AET 41
Empirical Support 44
Enlarged Model of WSR and VoC 45
Empirical Support 48
2.1.2 Critique of ALSs Typologies Built from Above 49
The Problem of Social Change 49
The Problem of the Research Unit 52
2.1.3 Typologies Built From Below 53
Skill Formation Systems Typology 53
Desjardin?s Typology of ALS 55
Verdier’s Lifelong Learning Systems Typology 57
2.1.4 Two Types of Theorising Regarding ALSs 58
Chapter 3: Participation Theories in AET 60
3.1 Theoretical Approaches to Participation 60
3.1.1 Macro Social Mechanism 62
3.1.2 Meso Social Mechanisms 62
Occupational Status 63
Employer Size 63
Economic Sector 64
3.1.3 Microsocial Factors 64
Education 64
Economic Status 65
Age 65
Gender 66
3.2 Global Empirical Trends 66
Chapter 4: Barriers to Participation in AET 67
4.1 Types of Barriers 67
4.2 Current Findings 69
Part III: Analytical Approach and Methodology 70
Chapter 5: General Analytical Approach 71
5.1 Global Adult Learning Space (GALS): Mapping Quantitative Features of ALSs 72
5.2 Institutional History: Mapping Qualitative Features of ALSs 76
5.2.1 Coordination Side 77
5.2.2 Supply Side 78
5.2.3 Demand Side 78
5.3 Sensitive Concepts 79
5.3.1 Critical Junctures 79
5.3.2 Coalitions 79
5.3.3 Path Dependency 80
5.3.4 Diffusion, State Capacity and Weak Institutions 81
5.3.5 Pace and Sequencing of ALSs Formation 81
5.3.6 Drift and Conversion 82
5.3.7 External Pressure on Institutions 82
Chapter 6: Methodology 84
6.1 Large-N Quantitative Analysis 85
6.1.1 Available Data 85
6.1.2 Measuring Adult Participation 86
6.1.3 Limits of Secondary Data and their Availability 87
6.2 Small-N Qualitative Analysis 87
6.2.1 Data Used 88
Part IV: Formation Paths of ALSs in CE 89
Chapter 7: Hungary 91
7.1 Early Formation Period: The 1990s 91
7.1.1 The Coordination Side of ALS: Toward the Withdrawal of the State 92
7.1.2 The Supply Side of ALS: Birth of Deregulated AET Market 93
7.1.3 The Demand Side of ALS: Inherited Social Structure 94
7.2 Development Phase: The 2000s 95
7.2.1 The Coordination Side of ALS: Introducing a Legislative and Regulative Framework 95
7.2.2 The Supply Side of ALS: From Free to Segmented Market 97
7.2.3 The Demand Side of ALS: Increasing Demand among High-Skilled Adults 98
7.3 Late Phase: The 2010s 99
7.3.1 ALS Coordination Side: Turn to Centralisation and Specialisation 99
7.3.2 The Supply Side of ALS: From Segmented to Directly Regulated Market 101
7.3.3 The Demand Side of ALS: Slowdown of Social Transformation with High Demand for Low-Skilled Work 101
Chapter 8: The Czech Republic 103
8.1 Early Formation Period: The 1990s 103
8.1.1 The Coordination Side of ALS: The Transition from Socialism to Capitalism 103
8.1.2 The Supply Side of ALS: Quick Birth of Free Market 105
8.1.3 The Demand Side of ALS: Structural Constraints 105
8.2 Development Phase: The 2000s 106
8.2.1 The Coordination Side of ALS: Attempts to Regulate AET Field 106
8.2.2 The Supply Side of ALS: Expansion and Regulation of the Supply 109
8.2.3 The Demand Side of ALS: Remaining Structural Constraints 110
8.3 Late Formation Phase: The 2010s 110
8.3.1 The Coordination Side of ALS: Step Back to Deregulation 111
8.3.2 The Supply Side of ALS: Toward Highly Differentiated and Employers-Oriented Market 112
8.3.3 The Demand Side of ALS: Limited Acceleration in Demand 113
Chapter 9: Slovakia 115
9.1 Early Formation Period: The 1990s 115
9.1.1 The Coordination Side of ALS: Decentralisation of AET 115
9.1.2 The Supply Side of ALS: Emergence of a Deregulated Market 116
9.1.3 The Demand Side of ALS: Socioeconomic Constraints 117
9.2 Development Period: The 2000s 118
9.2.1 The Coordination Side of ALS: Introducing a Weak Form of Regulation 119
9.2.2 The Supply Side of ALS: Growth of the Uncoordinated Market 120
9.2.3 The Demand Side of ALS: Stagnated Demand 121
9.3 Late Formation Phase: The 2010s 122
9.3.1 The Coordination Side of ALS: Attempts in an Extension of Regulation 122
9.3.2 The Supply Side of ALS: Growth of Employers’ Supply of AET 123
9.3.3 The Demand Side of ALS: Improving Conditions for AET Demand 124
Chapter 10: Poland 126
10.1 Early Formation Period: The 1990s 126
10.1.1 The Coordination Side of ALS: The Transition from Socialism to Capitalism 126
10.1.2 The Supply Side of ALS: Formation of State-Dominant AET Market 128
10.1.3 The Demand Side of ALS: Structural Constraints and Slow Transformation 128
10.2 Development Phase: The 2000s 129
10.2.1 The Coordination Side of ALS: Differentiation and Specialisation 130
10.2.2 The Supply Side of ALS: Strengthening of FAE Provision 132
10.2.3 The Demand Side of ALS: Strong Constraints 133
10.3 Late Formation Phase: The 2010s 134
10.3.1 The Coordination Side of ALS: Vocationalisation and Homogenisation 134
10.3.2 The Supply Side of ALS: Persistent Pattern 135
10.3.3 The Demand Side of ALS: Slow Rise in Demand 136
Part V: CE ALSs in Global Adult Learning Space 137
Chapter 11: Vertical Axis: Volume of Participation 139
11.1 Participation in AET with a 12-Month Referential Period 139
11.2 Participation in AET with a 4-Weeks Referential Period 141
11.3 Getting Closer to the EU? 144
11.4 Participation in AET Based on Training Hours 146
Chapter 12: First Horizontal Axis: The Extensification of AET 148
Chapter 13: Second Horizontal Axis: Orientation Toward FAE 152
13.1 Long-Term Trends in FAE 152
13.2 Changes in the Role of FAE 155
Chapter 14: Third Horizontal Axis: Employers’ Support of NFE 158
14.1 Long-Term Trends in Job-Related NFE 158
14.2 Uneven Paths of CE ALSs 162
Chapter 15: Fourth Horizontal Axis: Public Provision of NFE 165
15.1 Public Provision of NFE 165
15.2 Pathways of CE ALSs 167
Chapter 16: Fifth Horizontal Axis: Demand for AET 169
16.1 Perceived Demand for AET 169
16.2 Adults with No Demand for AET 171
16.3 A Decline in No Demand for AET in CE ALS 172
Summary of Part V 174
Part VI: Patterns of Participation and Barriers in CE ALSs 177
Chapter 17: Participation Patterns in AET 178
17.1 Participation Based on Age 179
17.2 Participation Based on Gender 180
17.3 Participation Based on the Highest Attained Education 182
17.4 Participation Based on Economic Status 184
17.5 Participation Based on Occupation Status 186
Chapter 18: Barriers to Participation in AET 191
18.1 Commonalities in Barriers 191
18.2 Differences in Barriers 193
18.3 Barriers Among Those Who Did Not Want to Participate 194
Summary of the Part VI 196
Patterns of Inequality 197
Trends in Inequality 198
Patterns of Barriers 199
Part VII: Discussion and Conclussion 201
Chapter 19: Three Stages of ALSs Formation in CE 202
19.1 Years of Transition (1989–2003) 203
19.2 Years of Accession (2004–2012) 204
19.3 Years of Economic Recovery (2013–2019) 205
19.4 Multidimensionality and Multipath of Institutional Change 206
Chapter 20: Key Drivers of ALSs Formation in CE 208
20.1 Europeanisation of ALSs Matters, but… 208
20.2 National Policy Matters, but… 210
20.2.1 Institutional Instability and Secondary Priority of AET 212
20.3 Social Structure Matters, but… 212
20.3.1 Matthew Effect and Partial Democratisation 214
20.4 Dependent Market Capitalism Matters, but… 215
20.5 Welfare State Policy Matters, but… 216
Chapter 21: Conclusion 218
21.1 Summary 218
21.2 Policy Recommendations 221
21.3 Future Directions 224
References 227

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 18.6.2024
• Reihe/Serie: Lifelong Learning Book Series
• Zusatzinfo: XXIV, 244 p. 22 illus.
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Sozialwissenschaften ► Pädagogik ► Erwachsenenbildung
• Schlagworte: Adult Education and Training • Adult Learning Systems • Educational Policies and Politics • European Studies • Lifelong Learning
• ISBN-10: 3-031-59827-X / 303159827X
• ISBN-13: 978-3-031-59827-2 / 9783031598272