The Measure of Merit (eBook)

Talents, Intelligence, and Inequality in the French and American Republics, 1750–1940

John Carson (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2018
Princeton University Press (Verlag)
978-0-691-18767-9 (ISBN)

Infos

A wide-ranging account of American and French understandings of merit, talent, and intelligence over the past two centuriesHow have modern democracies squared their commitment to equality with their fear that disparities in talent and intelligence might be natural, persistent, and consequential? John Carson tells the fascinating story of how two nations wrestled scientifically with human inequalities and their social and political implications.Surveying a broad array of political tracts, philosophical treatises, scientific works, and journalistic writings, Carson chronicles the gradual embrace of the IQ version of intelligence in the United States, while in France, the birthplace of the modern intelligence test, expert judgment was consistently prized above such quantitative measures. He also reveals the crucial role that determinations of, and contests over, merit have played in both societiesthey have helped to organize educational systems, justify racial hierarchies, classify army recruits, and direct individuals onto particular educational and career paths.A contribution to both the history of science and intellectual history, The Measure of Merit illuminates the shadow languages of inequality that have haunted the American and French republics since their inceptions.

Autor

John Carson is Associate Professor in the Department of History and Director of the Science, Technology, and Society Program at the University of Michigan.

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 5.6.2018
• Verlagsort: Princeton
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Geschichte ► Teilgebiete der Geschichte ► Kulturgeschichte
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Allgemeine Psychologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften
• Themenwelt: Sozialwissenschaften ► Politik / Verwaltung ► Staat / Verwaltung
• Themenwelt: Sozialwissenschaften ► Soziologie
• Schlagworte: Accountability • Affirmative Action • Alfred Binet • Analogy • anecdotal evidence • anthropologist • Anthropology • Arthur O. Lovejoy • association of ideas • Calculation • Carl Brigham • Charles Spearman • Civilization • Consciousness • credential • decentralization • deference • Deism • Determination • Discipline • Education • elitism • equal education • Equal Opportunity • Eugenics • Explanation • explanatory power • Form of life (philosophy) • Governance • G. Stanley Hall • Henri Bergson • Henry H. Goddard • hereditarianism • Heritability • Holism • Human Intelligence • ideal type • Ideology • Individual Psychology • inference • Ingenuity • Innate intelligence • Intelligence Assessment • Intelligence Quotient • Intelligentsia • James Mark Baldwin • Joseph Priestley • Juste Milieu • Just-noticeable difference • Leon Kamin • Lewis Terman • Madison Grant • Malet • Marquis de Condorcet • Measurement • Melville J. Herskovits • Meritocracy • Milgram experiment • Morality • Multitude • of education • ON HUMAN NATURE • On Intelligence • Perfectionism (psychology) • Philosopher • Philosophy • Phrenology • Politique • popular sovereignty • Positivism • Pragmatism • psychological evaluation • psychologist • Psychology • Race and intelligence • Relativism • result • Romanticism • Science • Scientism • self-concept • Self-Image • Self-Interest • sensibility • Solidarism • SOPHISM • Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales • State of nature • suggestibility • Superiority (short story) • sussman • Temple of Reason • The Administrative State • The Bell Curve • theory • The Two Cultures • Thought • treatise • Virtues (number and structure) • Winthrop Jordan
• ISBN-10: 0-691-18767-3 / 0691187673
• ISBN-13: 978-0-691-18767-9 / 9780691187679