Employee Motivation in Saudi Arabia (eBook)

An Investigation into the Higher Education Sector

Rodwan Hashim Mohammed Fallatah, Jawad Syed (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2017 | 1st ed. 2018
XXVIII, 303 Seiten
Springer International Publishing (Verlag)
978-3-319-67741-5 (ISBN)

Infos

This book investigates the relevance of Maslow's hierarchy of needs as a theory of motivation, whilst taking into account variances in culture and individual experiences and perspectives. Focussing on higher education, the book responds to the call for providing alternative conceptual models, other than those originating from the Anglo-Saxon world. The authors take a contextual approach and use the case of Saudi Arabia to understand motivation in a collectivist, highly religious and conservative society of the Middle East. Providing empirical findings from a study carried out at two Saudi universities differing in their religious outlook, this book reveals a hierarchy of needs that is significantly different from the theory proposed by Maslow. Religion, culture and gender are explored in detail as the authors investigate the relevance of Maslow's theory in a region that is of growing interest to policy-makers and practitioners in North America and Europe, offering a truly insightful read to an international audience.

Rodwan Hashim Mohammed Fallatah is a research scholar, consultant and instructor in the field of international human resource management.

Jawad Syed is Professor of Organisational Behaviour and Dean of the Suleman Dawood School of Business at Lahore University of Management Sciences. 

Inhalt

Foreword 6
Preface 11
Acknowledgements 16
Contents 17
List of Figures 18
List of Tables 19
1 Introduction: Contextualising Motivation 23
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 25
Context and Motivation 27
Saudi Arabian Context 29
Structure of the Book 35
References 36
2 A Critical Review of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 41
The Concept of Motivation and Its Importance 42
Important Classifications and Models of Motivation 44
Content and Process Classifications 44
Models of Motivation 45
Scientific Management 45
Hawthorne Effect 46
The Emerging Need Theories 46
Maslow’s Theory 48
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 48
Physiological Needs 48
Safety Needs 50
Social Needs 51
Esteem Needs 52
Self-actualisation Needs 53
Maslow’s Influence on Need Theorists 55
Herzberg’s Model 55
Alderfer’s Need Theory 56
Douglas McGregor Theory of X and Y 56
McClelland’s Need Theory 57
Maslow’s Popularity in Social Sciences 57
Maslow’s Popularity in Business Management 58
Criticisms of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 59
DeprivationDomination 60
The Need Strength Operationalisation 60
Causality 62
GratificationActivation 63
The First Operationalisation of the GratificationActivation Proposition 63
The Second Operationalisation of the GratificationActivation Proposition 64
The Self-actualisation Need Complex 65
Chapter Summary 67
References 69
3 Cultural Critique of the Hierarchy of Needs and the Saudi Context 82
Cross-Cultural Applicability of Need Hierarchy 84
Motivation and Gender 93
Motivation and Religion 96
Maslow’s Applicability in Saudi Context 98
Chapter Summary 110
References 113
4 Questioning the Applicability of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in Saudi Arabia 123
Research Paradigms Underpinning Management Research 124
Quantitative Approach with Integrated Qualitative Element 125
Data Sources 126
Research Locations 127
Justification 129
Gaining Access 130
Sampling Strategy 131
The Research Instrument 134
Reliability and Validity 136
Survey Administration and Data Collection 140
Data Analysis 143
Ethical Considerations 147
References 149
5 Motivation Unravelled: Gender, Religion and Other Demographic Patterns 154
Demographic Characteristics 155
Gender 155
Religion 157
Analysis and Comparison of the Motivational Needs of SUR and SUM 163
Motivational Needs Based on Gender Differences 163
Motivational Needs Based on Age Differences 165
Motivational Needs Based on Marital Status 168
Motivational Needs Based on Qualification 173
Motivational Needs Based on Occupation 178
Motivational Needs Based on Religious Orientation 189
Motivational Needs Based on Place or Region 192
An Intersectional Analysis 196
Key Factors and Issues Related to This Research 205
An Intersectional Analysis of Gender and Religion 206
Males Versus Females—Devout 206
Males Versus Females—Average or ‘Moderate’ Religious 208
An Intersectional Analysis of Religion and the Two Universities 211
SUR Versus SUM—Devout 211
SUR Versus SUM—Average or ‘Moderate’ Religious 215
Analysis of SUR and SUM 217
Discussion 220
Implications 223
Chapter Summary 225
References 229
6 What Saudi Employees Want: In Depth Insights 231
The Qualitative Analysis Process 232
The Predetermined Themes 233
Security 234
Autonomy 238
Self-Actualisation 241
Esteem 244
Social 248
The Emerging Themes 251
Role of Religion 251
Inequality (Gender) 257
Discussion 262
Chapter Summary 267
References 268
7 The Primacy of Social Needs 272
The Motivational Drivers 273
Security 273
Autonomy 273
Self-Actualisation 274
Esteem 275
Social 275
To What Extent is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Model Applicable or Relevant to a Saudi Organisational Context? 276
To What Extent Do Saudis’ Needs Vary Across Gender? 280
To What Extent Do Saudis’ Needs Vary Across the Religious Orientation? 283
How can Maslow’s Model be Refined in a Saudi Organisational Context? 285
Chapter Summary 289
References 291
8 Conclusion: The Cross-Cultural Complex 295
Implications for Theory, Policy and Practice 299
Implications for Theory 299
Implications for Policy and Practice 302
Implications for Private Sector Organisations and MNCs 304
Implications for Public Sector Organisations 304
Limitations 305
Directions for Further Research 306
Concluding Remarks 307
References 309
Index 311

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 29.11.2017
• Zusatzinfo: XXVIII, 303 p. 2 illus.
• Verlagsort: Cham
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Sozialwissenschaften ► Pädagogik
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Betriebswirtschaft / Management ► Personalwesen
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Betriebswirtschaft / Management ► Unternehmensführung / Management
• Schlagworte: collectivist society • demographic characteristics • higher education • Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs • Middle East • Motivation • non-Western • Religion • Saudi Arabia • Universities
• ISBN-10: 3-319-67741-1 / 3319677411
• ISBN-13: 978-3-319-67741-5 / 9783319677415