First Islanders (eBook)

Prehistory and Human Migration in Island Southeast Asia

Peter Bellwood (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2017 | 1. Auflage
384 Seiten
Wiley-Blackwell (Verlag)
978-1-119-25156-9 (ISBN)

Infos

Incorporating research findings over the last twenty years, First Islanders examines the human prehistory of Island Southeast Asia. This fascinating story is explored from a broad swathe of multidisciplinary perspectives and pays close attention to migration in the period dating from 1.5 million years ago to the development of Indic kingdoms late in the first millennium CE. 

Peter Bellwood is an Emeritus Professor at the Australian National University, which he joined in 1973, retiring in 2013. He has undertaken archaeological research in Polynesia and Island Southeast Asia and is currently involved in projects in Vietnam, Indonesia, and the Philippines. His most recent books include The Global Prehistory of Human Migration (edited, Wiley Blackwell, 2015), First Migrants (Wiley Blackwell, 2013), Prehistory of the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago (3rd edition, 2007), First Farmers (Wiley Blackwell, 2005), and Southeast Asia: From Prehistory to History (co-edited, 2005). Peter Bellwood is a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities and a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy.

Inhalt

Title Page 5
Copyright Page 6
Contents 9
List of Figures and Plates 14
Invited Contributors 17
Acknowledgments 18
Chapter 1 Introducing First Islanders 19
This Book 21
A Note on Dating Terminology 25
A Note on Archaeological Terminology 25
Pronunciation and Place?names 27
Notes 27
References 28
Chapter 2 Island Southeast Asia as a Canvas for Human Migration 29
The Shelves and Basins 30
Sundaland 33
Wallacea 33
Sahul 34
The Island Southeast Asian Environment 34
Climate 34
Landforms and Soils 36
The Floras of Island Southeast Asia 38
Faunal and Biogeographical Boundaries 39
The Cyclical Changes of the Pleistocene 40
The Pleistocene Epoch: Definition and Chronology 40
The Cycles of Glacials and Interglacials 41
World Sea Level Changes During the Pleistocene 41
The Consequences of Mid?latitude Glaciation 45
Notes 48
References 48
Chapter 3 Homo erectus and Homo floresiensis: Archaic Hominins in Island Southeast Asia 52
Hominin Antecedents in Africa and Asia 53
Homo erectus in Java 56
Java – Pleistocene Mammals and Stratigraphy 57
Sangiran 59
Ngandong 61
When Did Hominins Arrive in Java? 62
The Evolution of Javan Homo erectus 64
An Invited Perspective by Colin Groves 64
The Dating of the Javan Hominins 65
The Homo erectus Cranium 67
The Homo erectus Mandible 68
Homo erectus Teeth 68
Homo erectus Postcranial Material 69
Evolution within Javan Homo erectus 70
The Philippines, Sulawesi, and Nusa Tenggara: Pleistocene Mammals and Stratigraphy 71
The Philippines 72
Sulawesi 72
Flores and Nusa Tenggara 73
Homo floresiensis (and Homo erectus?) in Flores 76
The Enigma of Homo floresiensis 78
An Invited Perspective by Debbie Argue 78
The Homo floresiensis Controversy 80
Was Homo floresiensis a Dwarfed Homo erectus? 82
Was Homo floresiensis Descended from a Separate Early Hominin Lineage? 82
Cultural Evidence Related to Homo erectus and Homo floresiensis 83
Java and the Tools of Homo erectus 85
Flores and the Tools of Homo floresiensis 89
Retrospect 92
Notes 93
References 94
Chapter 4 The Biological History of Homo sapiens in Island Southeast Asia 104
The First Homo sapiens in Southeast Asia 107
Early to Middle Holocene Skeletal Data from Island Southeast Asia 111
The Biological Arrival of an Asian Neolithic Population in Island Southeast Asia 112
The Significance of Skin Pigmentation in Equatorial Latitudes 115
The Biological History of Southeast Asian Populations from Late Pleistocene and Holocene Cemetery Data 116
An Invited Perspective by Hirofumi Matsumura, Marc Oxenham, Truman Simanjuntak, and Mariko Yamagata 116
Craniometric Analysis 117
Early Indigenous Hunter-gatherers 117
Neolithic Dispersal in Mainland Southeast Asia 121
Neolithic Dispersal in Island Southeast Asia 122
Conclusions 124
The Genetic History of Human Populations in Island Southeast Asia During the Late Pleistocene and Holocene 125
An Invited Perspective by Murray Cox 125
The Population History of Island Southeast Asia 135
Notes 137
References 138
Chapter 5 Late Paleolithic Archaeology in Island Southeast Asia 149
Mainland Southeast Asia, Peninsular Malaysia, and Sumatra: The Hoabinhian and Its Successors 152
Hoabinhian into Para-Neolithic in Mainland Southeast Asia 152
The Hoabinhian of Sumatra 156
Beyond Sumatra – the Late Palaeolithic in the Islands of Southeast Asia 157
The Niah Caves, Sarawak 159
Eastern Sabah 161
Eastern and Central Kalimantan 165
Java 168
The Philippines 169
Sulawesi and the Talaud Islands 171
The Toalian of South Sulawesi – a Localized Revolution in Small Tool Technology 173
The Northern Moluccas 177
Eastern Nusa Tenggara and Timor-Leste 181
Changing Patterns in Hunting Across Island Southeast Asia Before the Neolithic 184
An Invited Perspective by Philip J. Piper 184
The Late Pleistocene (45–14 kya) 184
Terminal Pleistocene to Mid-Holocene (14–4.5 kya) 186
Some Final Thoughts on Homo sapiens and the Late Palaeolithic in Island Southeast Asia 188
Notes 189
References 190
Chapter 6 The Early History of the Austronesian Language Family in Island Southeast Asia 199
What is a Language Family, and Why are Language Families Important? 203
An Introduction to Austronesian Linguistic History 205
The Linguistic History of Austronesian-speaking Communities in Island Southeast Asia 208
An Invited Perspective by Robert Blust 208
Further Questions of Austronesian Linguistic History 215
Before Taiwan: The Antecedents of Proto-Austronesian 215
How Did the Austronesian Languages Spread Initially throughout Island Southeast Asia? 218
Directionality and Relative Chronology in the Early Austronesian Migration Process 219
The Material Culture and Economy of the Early Austronesians 222
The Austronesian Diaspora: A Perspective from Indonesia 225
An Invited Perspective by Daud Aris Tanudirjo 225
A Brief History of Austronesian Studies in Indonesia 226
Austronesian Languages and National Identity 228
Notes 229
References 230
Chapter 7 Neolithic Farmers and Sailors in Southern China, Taiwan, and the Philippines 236
The Origins of Rice Production in China 238
The Evolution of Neolithic Societies in China 244
Neolithic Movement into Southern China 246
The Out of Taiwan Hypothesis for Austronesian Dispersal into Island Southeast Asia 249
Neolithic Cultures in Southeast China, Taiwan, and Luzon 250
An Invited Perspective by Hsiao-chun Hung 250
Taiwan 252
Between Taiwan and Luzon 254
Ludao and Lanyu (Botel Tobago) 255
The Batanes Islands 255
Northern Luzon 257
Coastal Palaeo-landscapes of the Neolithic 258
An Invited Perspective by Mike T. Carson 258
Further Observations on Neolithic Cultures in Taiwan 262
The Neolithic of the Philippines 266
The Batanes Islands 268
The Cagayan Valley of Luzon 271
The Philippines beyond Cagayan 273
Southern China, Taiwan, and the Philippines – a Neolithic Assessment 274
Notes 275
References 277
Chapter 8 The Neolithic of East Malaysia and Indonesia 285
The Western Neolithic Stream – Sarawak and Onwards 287
Java and Sumatra 292
The Eastern Neolithic Stream: Eastern Borneo, Sulawesi, and the Moluccas 294
Sabah: Bukit Tengkorak 299
Sulawesi 301
Fleshing Out the Neolithic Prehistory of Island Southeast Asia 305
Neolithic Food Production 306
Potential Phases of Neolithic Crop Production in Island Southeast Asia 307
Rice in Island Southeast Asian Prehistory, and Its Fading from Grace 311
Farmers Who Adopted Rainforest Hunting and Gathering 312
Domesticated Animals in the Island Southeast Asian Neolithic 315
An Invited Perspective by Philip J. Piper 315
Pigs and Dogs 315
Chickens 317
Bovidae 318
Domestic Animals in Cultural Context 318
Neolithic Fishing 319
Neolithic Translocations 319
Summing Up the Island Southeast Asian Neolithic 320
Notes 321
References 322
Chapter 9 The Early Metal Age and Intercultural Connections in Island Southeast Asia 330
The Arrival of Metallurgy in Island Southeast Asia 332
“Indigenous” Early Metal Age Assemblages and Monuments in Island Southeast Asia 338
Stone Monuments and Carvings: Indonesia 338
Malayic Migration 342
Burial Grounds and Their Significance 344
Chamic Migration 347
Nephrite and Other Early Metal Age Exchange Networks across the South China Sea 351
An Invited Perspective by Hsiao-chun Hung 351
The Arrival of Indian Influence in Island Southeast Asia 353
After the Early Metal Age 356
Notes 356
References 357
Chapter 10 Island Southeast Asian Prehistory: A Comparative Perspective 363
References 369
Index 370
Supplemental Images 379
EULA 395

Rezensionen

"In First Islanders, Peter Bellwood -without doubt the leading authority on the archaeology and prehistory of Island Southeast Asia- offers up an engaging synthesis of the grand sweep of human history in this island world, from the arrival of early hominins one million years ago, through the development of agriculture and the Austronesian expansion, up to the early Metal Age. Bellwood brings the fascinating prehistory of this vast region to life as no other archaeologist can. First Islanders belongs on the bookshelf of every scholar of world prehistory." - Patrick V. Kirch, University of California Berkeley

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 14.3.2017
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Archäologie
• Themenwelt: Geschichte ► Allgemeine Geschichte ► Vor- und Frühgeschichte
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Geschichte ► Regional- / Ländergeschichte
• Themenwelt: Geschichte ► Teilgebiete der Geschichte ► Kulturgeschichte
• Themenwelt: Sozialwissenschaften ► Soziologie
• Schlagworte: Anthropologie • Anthropologie / Asien, Pazifischer Raum • Anthropology • Archäologie • archaeology • Archäologie • Asian & Australasian History • Asian & Pacific Anthropology • Biological Anthropology • comparative linguistics • Cultural History • East Malaysia • Genetics • Geschichte • Geschichte / Asien u. Australasien • History • Homo erectus • homo floresiensis • Indonesia • Island Southeast Asia • ?Java hominins • Migration • Philippines • Population History • Prähistorische Archäologie • Prähistorische Archäologie • Prehistoric Archaeology • Prehistory • Südostasien • Südostasien • Taiwan
• ISBN-10: 1-119-25156-7 / 1119251567
• ISBN-13: 978-1-119-25156-9 / 9781119251569