Atmospheric Pollution (eBook)

Its History, Origins and Prevention

D. W. Bottom, S. Cayton, A. R. Meetham (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2016 | 4. Auflage
244 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4831-3584-7 (ISBN)

Infos

Atmospheric Pollution: Its History, Origins and Prevention looks at the history, sources, and controls of air pollution in Britain. Topics covered include the origin of fuel, natural solid fuels such as wood and coal,and manufactured fuels such as coke and alcohol. Mineral oils and gases are also considered, along with industrial boilers and furnaces, combustion and power generation, and the effects of pollution. This book is comprised of 16 chapters and begins with an overview of atmospheric pollution, its causes, and prevention. The next six chapters deal with fuels, furnaces, and fires, with emphasis on natural solid fuels including coal, mineral oils and gases such as petroleum and natural gas, and artificial fuels like charcoal, alcohol, and water gas. The remaining chapters focus on the properties of atmospheric pollution and consider atmospheric pollution from engines and furnaces. Radioactive air pollutants are also examined and remedial measures are proposed to control atmospheric pollution. The last chapter is an account of the law in England and in other countries governing atmospheric pollution. This monograph is meant to be of use to all who are professionally interested in atmospheric pollution, from environmental health officers, legislators, and city councilors to architects, engineers, meteorologists, boiler operators and builders.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Atmospheric Pollution: Its History, Origins and Prevention 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
Preface to Fourth Edition 6
Chapter 1. Introduction 14
Growth of pollution 16
Control of pollution 17
Scope of the book 18
Chapter 2. Origin of Fuel 19
Energy and the Origin of the Earth 19
Energy Value of Fuels 21
Chapter 3. Natural Solid Fuels 27
The Coal Series 29
Ash and Sulphur in Coal 32
Coal hazards 34
Chapter 4. Mineral Oils and Gases 36
Petroleum 36
The Refining Process 37
Characteristics of Fuel Oils 41
Preparation for Burning: Burners 43
Natural Gas 46
Chapter 5. Manufactured Fuels 47
Coke 48
Coal Tar and Tar Oils 51
Hydrogenation and Hydrocarbon Synthesis 51
Liquefaction and Gasification 52
Alcohol 52
Manufactured Gaseous Fuels 53
Chapter 6. Combustion and Power Generation 57
Atmospheric Pollution from Engines 61
Electricity 64
Uses of electricity 66
Chapter 7. Industrial Boilers 70
Industrial Hot Water Boilers 77
Boiler Instruments 80
Alternatives to Coal 85
Mechanical Stokers 86
Pulverized Fuel 89
Boiler Availability 91
Chapter 8. Industrial Furnaces 93
Group (1) Furnaces 94
Group (2) Furnaces 99
Atmospheric Pollution from Furnaces in Groups (1) and (2) 101
Group (3) Furnaces 103
Atmospheric Pollution from Furnaces in Group (3) 107
Chapter 9. Domestic Heat Services 109
Choosing a Domestic Heating System 110
Chapter 10. Atmospheric Pollution 119
Smoke 120
Ash 121
Sulphur dioxide 122
Pollution from Petroleum Products 125
Odours 126
Radioactive air pollutants 126
Pollution from Other Sources 128
Chapter 11. Measurement of Atmospheric Pollution 134
Measurement of Smoke 135
Measurement of Ash and Other Deposited Pollution 141
Measurement of Sulphur Dioxide 146
Pollution Roses 151
Microscopic Examination of Grit 151
Measurement of Daylight 157
Hot Water and Cooking 159
Chapter 12. Distribution of Pollution 160
Distribution within a Town 166
Recent Surveys 170
The National Survey of Air Pollution 173
Chapter 13. Variability of Pollution 175
Changes in Deposited Matter 177
Changes in Smoke and Sulphur Dioxide 178
Irregular Variation 182
Air Pollution Meteorology 182
Fogs 185
Ground Level Concentrations 190
Chapter 14. Effects of Pollution 194
Biological Effects 194
Threshold Limit Values 197
Physico-chemical Effects 202
The Cost of Pollution 205
Chapter 15. Prevention of Atmospheric Pollution 207
Prevention of Smoke 207
Prevention of Ash and Grit 208
Prevention of Sulphur Dioxide 214
Chapter 16. Air-Pollution Control—Law and Administration 220
The United Kingdom System 220
The Alkali Inspectorate—structure and responsibilities 221
Local Government Administration and Control 222
The Clean Air Acts 222
Smoke Emissions 223
The Control of Chimney Heights 224
Grit and Dust from Furnaces 225
Smoke-control Areas 226
Air Pollution Control Within the Member States of the European Economic Community 227
Motor Vehicle Pollution 231
Appendix A: Conversions 233
Appendix B: British Standards 235
Bibliography 236
Index 240

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 21.1.2016
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Ökologie / Naturschutz
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften
• Themenwelt: Sozialwissenschaften
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Betriebswirtschaft / Management ► Planung / Organisation
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Volkswirtschaftslehre
• ISBN-10: 1-4831-3584-5 / 1483135845
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4831-3584-7 / 9781483135847