Primrose McConnell's The Agricultural Notebook (eBook)

R. J. Halley, R. J. Soffe (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2016 | 18. Auflage
704 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4831-0032-6 (ISBN)

Infos

Primorse McConnell's The Agricultural Notebook: 18th Edition is a collection of articles about important areas of discussion in agriculture, all of which written by experts from different related fields. The book is divided into four parts. Part 1 deals with concepts related to crop production such as soil - its classifications, mineral components, and physical properties; the benefits, problem diagnosis and system layout, and maintenance of drainage systems; the physiology, nutrition, and kinds of crops; and related problems such as weeds and diseases and their control. Part 2 is concerned with animals important in agriculture and deals with topics such as livestock feeds and the breeding, management, and meat production of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and poultry. Part 3 discusses farm equipment such as tractors, crop sprayers, and planting machines. Part 4 tackles the management of the farming business and its staff; it also tackles laws related to agriculture and the health and safety of its personnel. The monograph is recommended for entrepreneurs in the field of agriculture, as well as those concerned in its studies and improvement.

Inhalt

Front Cover 
1 
The Agricultural Notebook 
4 
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 12
Preface to 18th edition 6
Preface to 17th edition 7
Contributors 8
Part 1: Crop production 16
Chapter 1. Soils 18
WHAT IS A SOIL? 18
THE MINERAL COMPONENTS OF SOIL 19
CLAY MINERALS 20
SOIL ORGANIC MATTER AND THE CARBON CYCLE 25
CHEMICALLY ACTIVE SURFACES AND THE CHEMISTRY OF SOIL COLLOIDS 28
SOIL ORGANISMS 32
THE MAJOR NUTRIENT ELEMENTS 35
CALCIUM AND LIMING 40
TRACE ELEMENTS AND MICRONUTRIENTS 42
SOIL SAMPLING, SOIL ANALYSIS AND SOIL NUTRIENT INDICES 43
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOIL 47
SOIL SURVEY AND LAND CLASSIFICATION 55
References 58
Further reading and sources of information 58
Chapter 2. Field drainage 60
THE NEED FOR DRAINAGE 60
DRAINAGE BENEFITS 61
SOIL WATER 62
DRAINAGE SYSTEMS 63
PROBLEM DIAGNOSIS AND SYSTEM LAYOUT 70
DRAINAGE SYSTEM MAINTENANCE 71
ECONOMICS OF DRAINAGE 71
References and further reading 72
Chapter 3. Crop physiology 73
FUNDAMENTAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES 73
GROWTH 75
CROP DEVELOPMENT CYCLE 75
ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 78
COMPETITION 82
MODIFICATION OF CROPS BY GROWTH REGULATORS AND BREEDING 84
Further reading 84
Chapter 4. Crop nutrition 85
SUMMARY OF SOIL-SUPPLIED ELEMENTS 85
ORGANIC FERTILISERS AND MANURES 89
INORGANIC FERTILISERS 93
FORMS OF FERTILISER AVAILABLE 96
COMPOUND FERTILISERS 97
FERTILISER PLACEMENT 98
FERTILISERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 98
OPTIMUM FERTILISER RATES 99
FERTILISER RECOMMENDATIONS 100
LIMING 102
References 104
Chapter 5. Arable crops 105
CROP ROTATION 105
CHOICE OF CROP AND SEQUENCE 105
CROP DURATION AND IMPORTANCE 106
METHODS OF CROP ESTABLISHMENT 106
GENERAL 114
BRASSICAS GROWN PRIMARILY AS VEGETABLES 115
BRASSICAS GROWN PRIMARILY FOR FODDER 125
BRASSICAS GROWN FOR SEED PROCESSORS 130
CEREALS GROWN PRIMARILY FOR GRAIN 133
WHEAT 140
BARLEY 143
OATS 144
RYE 145
TRITICALE 146
MAIZE 146
SWEET CORN 148
SEED PRODUCTION 150
HERBAGE SEED PRODUCTION 151
BORAGE 155
EVENING PRIMROSE 156
LINSEED 156
SUNFLOWERS 157
LEGUMINOUS SEEDCROPS FOR HUMAN AND/OR ANIMAL CONSUMPTION 157
LEGUMES GROWN FOR FODDER ONLY 166
BEETROOT (RED BEET) 168
CARROTS 170
LEEKS 173
DRY BULB ONIONS 176
PARSNIPS 179
POTATOES 180
SUGAR BEET, MANGELS AND FODDER BEET 187
Further reading 191
Chapter 6. Grassland 192
DISTRIBUTION AND PURPOSE OF GRASSLAND IN THE UK 193
GRASSLAND IMPROVEMENT 194
CHARACTERISTICS OF AGRICULTURAL GRASSES 198
HERBAGE LEGUMES 199
BASIS FOR SEEDS MIXTURES 200
FERTILISERS FOR GRASSLAND 203
PATTERNS OF GRASSLAND PRODUCTION 206
EXPRESSION OF GRASSLAND OUTPUT ON THE FARM 208
OUTPUT FROM GRAZING ANIMALS 209
GRAZING SYSTEMS 211
CONSERVATION OF GRASS 213
GRASSLAND FARMING AND THE ENVIRONMENT 220
GLOSSARY OF GRASSLAND TERMS 221
References 222
Further reading 223
Chapter 7. Trees on the farm 224
CHOICE OF SITE AND SPECIES 224
MEASUREMENT OF TIMBER 224
LENGTH OF ROTATION 239
TIMBER QUALITY 240
SYSTEMS OF WOODLAND MANAGEMENT 240
METHODS OF ESTABLISHMENT FOR BROADLEAVES 243
PREPARATION OF SITE 244
PLANTING 245
FERTILISER APPLICATION 247
PLANTATION AFTERCARE 247
THINNING 248
FELLING AND MARKETING 251
SHELTERBELTS AND WINDBREAKS 252
TIMBER PRESERVATION 254
PROTECTING WOODLANDS 255
INSECT PESTS AND FUNGI 255
AGENCIES FOR ASSISTING WOODLAND OWNERS 256
GRANTS FOR WOODLAND OWNERS AND FARMERS 256
Further reading 257
Chapter 8. Weed control 258
OCCURRENCE OF WEED PROBLEMS 258
GENERAL CONTROL MEASURES–APPLICABLE TO ALL SYSTEMS 258
PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL (HERBICIDAL) WEED CONTROL 259
CHOICE OF HERBICIDE 260
ARABLE CROPS AND SEEDLING LEYS 262
WEED CONTROL IN CEREALS 263
ROOT CROPS, ROW CROPS AND OTHER BROADLEAVED CROPS 267
WEEDS FROM SHED CROP SEED OR GROUNDKEEPERS 267
WEED CONTROL IN ESTABLISHED GRASSLAND 273
WEED CONTROL IN FOREST AND WOODLANDS 273
TREATMENT OF INDIVIDUAL LARGE TREES 275
WEED CONTROL (UNSELECTIVE) IN NON-CROP SITUATIONS 278
References 279
Further reading 279
Chapter 9. Diseases of crops 280
AIR-BORNE DISEASES 280
FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE 282
SOIL-BORNE DISEASES 283
SEED-BORNE AND INFLORESCENCE DISEASES 283
VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 283
DISEASES OF WHEAT 284
DISEASES OF BARLEY 287
DISEASES OF OAT 289
DISEASES OF RYE/TRITICALE 290
DISEASES OF FORAGE MAIZE AND SWEET CORN 291
DISEASES OF POTATO 291
DISEASES OF BRASSICAS 295
DISEASES OF SUGAR BEET/FODDER BEET/MANGOLD 297
DISEASES OF PEAS AND BEANS (FIELD, BROAD/DWARF, NAVY) 298
DISEASES OF CARROTS 299
DISEASES OF ONIONS AND LEEKS 300
DISEASES OF GRASSES AND HERBAGE LEGUMES 301
Chapter 10. Pests of crops 303
CEREAL PESTS 303
POTATO PESTS 307
SUGAR BEET PESTS 310
OILSEED RAPE PESTS 313
KALE PESTS 316
PEA AND BEAN PESTS 316
FIELD VEGETABLE PESTS 318
SCHEMES, REGULATIONS AND ACTS RELATING TO THE USE OF INSECTICIDES 318
Chapter 11. Grain preservation and storage 319
CONDITIONS FOR THE SAFE STORAGE OF LIVING GRAIN 319
THE TIME FACTOR IN GRAIN STORAGE 320
GRAIN MOISTURE CONTENT AND ITS MEASUREMENT 320
DRYING GRAIN 321
FANS FOR GRAIN STORES 324
GRAIN CLEANERS 325
MANAGEMENT OF GRAIN IN STORE 325
HANDLING GRAIN 326
STORAGE OF GRAIN IN SEALED CONTAINERS 327
USE OF CHEMICAL PRESERVATIVES TO STORE GRAIN 328
References 328
Part 2: Animal production 330
Chapter 12. Animal physiology and nutrition 332
REGULATION OF BODY FUNCTION 332
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE ANIMAL AND ITS FOOD 334
DIGESTION 340
METABOLISM 344
VOLUNTARY FOOD INTAKE 355
REPRODUCTION 357
LACTATION 369
GROWTH 374
ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY 378
Further reading 379
Chapter 13. Livestock feeds and feeding 380
NUTRIENT EVALUATION OF FEEDS 380
RAW MATERIALS FOR DIET AND RATION FORMULATION 386
NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS 396
Further reading 402
Chapter 14. Cattle 403
DEFINITIONS OF COMMON CATTLE TERMINOLOGY 405
CALF REARING 406
MANAGEMENT OF BREEDING STOCK REPLACEMENTS 409
FEEDING DAIRY AND BEEF CATTLE 411
BEEF PRODUCTION 414
BEEF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS 416
DAIRYING 419
CATTLE BREEDING 425
Further reading 425
Chapter 15. Sheep and goats 426
SHEEP 426
GOATS 441
APPENDIX 1. 
443 
APPENDIX 2. CALENDAR FOR FREQUENT-LAMBING FLOCK 444
Further reading 444
Chapter 16. Pig production 445
INTRODUCTION 445
THE STRUCTURE OF THE UK PIG INDUSTRY 445
PIG HOUSING AND ANIMAL WELFARE 447
GENETICS AND PIG IMPROVEMENT 449
SOW AND GILT REPRODUCTION 452
WEANER PIGLETS 458
FINISHING PIGS 460
CONCLUSIONS 464
Further reading 464
Chapter 17. Poultry 465
MEAT PRODUCTION 465
COMMERCIAL EGG PRODUCTION 467
BROILER BREEDING INDUSTRY 468
ENVIRONMENT OF LAYERS AND BROILERS 471
TURKEYS AND WATERFOWL 472
CONCLUSION 475
Chapter 18. Game conservation 476
INTRODUCTION 476
HABITAT REQUIREMENTS 477
BREEDING, RELEASE AND HOLDING STRATEGIES 479
PREDATOR CONTROL 479
KEEPERING 479
OPTIONS FOR SHOOTING 480
ECONOMIC BENEFITS 480
CONCLUSION 480
Acknowledgements 480
References and further reading 480
Chapter 19. Animal health 481
INTRODUCTION 481
DISEASE AND IMMUNITY 485
THE HEALTH OF CATTLE 489
THE HEALTH OF PIGS 500
THE HEALTH OF SHEEP 504
Part 3: Farm equipment 508
Chapter 20. Services 510
DRAINAGE INSTALLATIONS 510
ENERGY 511
FIRE 513
HEATING 513
LIGHTING 514
LUBRICATING OIL AND GREASE 515
WATER SUPPLIES 515
Further reading 517
Chapter 21. Farm machinery 518
THE AGRICULTURAL TRACTOR 518
CULTIVATION MACHINES 522
FERTILISER APPLICATION MACHINES 525
PLANTING MACHINES 526
CROP SPRAYERS 529
HARVESTING FORAGE CROPS 532
GRAIN HARVESTING 536
ROOT HARVESTING 538
IRRIGATION 539
FEED PREPARATION MACHINERY 545
MILKING EQUIPMENT 547
MANURE HANDLING AND SPREADING 548
References 550
Chapter 22. Farm buildings 552
DESIGN CRITERIA 552
STAGES IN CONSTRUCTING A BUILDING 556
BUILDING MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES 560
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL 569
SPECIFIC PURPOSE BUILDINGS 574
DRAWINGS AND SITE MEASUREMENT (SURVEYING) 596
MANDATORY AND ADVISORY DESIGN REQUIREMENTS (excluding finance) 599
ADVISORY ORGANISATIONS 601
Part 4: Farm management 604
Chapter 23. The Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community 606
BACKGROUND, INSTITUTIONS AND THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS 606
CAP PRICE MECHANISMS 608
MONETARY ARRANGEMENTS IN THE CAP 612
STRUCTURAL POLICY 614
THE PROBLEMS OF THE CAP 615
Further reading 616
Chapter 24. Farm business management 617
WHAT IS BUSINESS MANAGEMENT? 617
SETTING PRIMARY OBJECTIVES 617
PLANNING TO ACHIEVE PRIMARY OBJECTIVES 618
INFORMATION FOR FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 619
Conclusion 638
References 638
Farm management data 638
Chapter 25. Farm staff management 639
THE NEED 639
FARM REQUIREMENTS 639
WORKFORCE PLANNING 640
OBTAINING THE RIGHT LABOUR 644
REDUCTION OF LABOUR 647
MOTIVATION THEORY 647
WORKING CONDITIONS 651
References 651
Chapter 26. Agricultural law 652
INTRODUCTION 652
THE ENGLISH LEGAL SYSTEM 652
LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE OWNERSHIP, POSSESSION AND OCCUPATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND 653
EMPLOYER'S LIABILITIES 657
CONCLUSION 658
Further reading 658
Chapter 27. Health and safety in agriculture 659
INTRODUCTION 659
THE HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK, ETC. ACT 1974 (HSW ACT) 660
SOME OF THE STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS OF THE HSW ACT 661
REGULATIONS APPLYING TO AGRICULTURE ACTIVITIES 662
FOOD AND ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ACT 1985 663
CONCLUSIONS 664
References 664
Chapter 28. Computers in agriculture 665
WHAT IS A COMPUTER AND IN WHAT APPLICATIONS CAN IT BE USED? 665
HOW ARE COMPUTERS USED IN AGRICULTURE? 670
WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS OF INSTALLING AN ON-FARM COMPUTER SYSTEM AND WHAT ARE THE CRITERIA FOR ITS SELECTION? 674
WHAT DEVELOPMENTS MIGHT BE SEEN IN THE FUTURE FOR COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN AGRICULTURE? 675
Chapter 29. Alternative enterprises 676
DEFINING ALTERNATIVES 676
THE POLICY CLIMATE 677
TYPES OF ALTERNATIVE ENTERPRISE 678
MANAGEMENT OF ALTERNATIVE ENTERPRISES 681
SUMMARY 682
References 682
Glossary of units 683
METRIC UNITS AND 'IMPERIAL' CONVERSION FACTORS 683
Index 686

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 21.1.2016
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Sonstiges ► Geschenkbücher
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Themenwelt: Weitere Fachgebiete ► Land- / Forstwirtschaft / Fischerei
• ISBN-10: 1-4831-0032-4 / 1483100324
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4831-0032-6 / 9781483100326