The Evolution and Evaluation of Massive Open Online Courses (eBook)

MOOCs in Motion

Leonard J. Waks (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2016 | 1st ed. 2016
XVII, 136 Seiten
Palgrave Macmillan US (Verlag)
978-1-349-85204-8 (ISBN)

Infos

This book offers a re-assessment of the educational and occupational value of MOOCs based on developments since 2013. When MOOCs appeared--amidst great fanfare--in 2012, leaders proclaimed an educational 'revolution.' By 2013, however, dramatic failures, negative research findings, and sharp critiques ended the MOOC hype. This book examines both MOOCs and prior distance learning innovations, and offers a broad overview of their educational, economic and social effects. Chapters explore ties between MOOCs and emerging pedagogical models as well as exponentially rising tuition rates, student debt, and chronic underemployment of university graduates worldwide. It offers readers a comprehensive, up-to-the-moment guide to the MOOC phenomenon. 

Leonard  J. Waks is Professor Emeritus of Educational Leadership at Temple University, USA.

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?Winner of the Outstanding Book Award (Society for Professors of Education)This book offers a re-assessment of the educational and occupational value of MOOCs based on developments since 2013. When MOOCs appeared--amidst great fanfare in 2012, leaders proclaimed an educational "e;revolution."e; By 2013, however, dramatic failures, negative research findings, and sharp critiques ended the MOOC hype. This book examines both MOOCs and prior distance learning innovations, and offers a broad overview of their educational, economic and social effects. Chapters explore ties between MOOCs and emerging pedagogical models as well as exponentially rising tuition rates, student debt, and chronic underemployment of university graduates worldwide. It offers readers a comprehensive, up-to-the-moment guide to the MOOC phenomenon. 

Inhalt

The Evolution and Evaluation of Massive Open Online Courses 4
Series Editor’s Preface 7
Foreword 9
Preface 13
Contents 16
1 MOOCs and Educational Value 17
Educational Value 17
Instrumental Value 18
Technical Value 18
Hedonic Value 20
Use Value 21
The Beneficial 22
Two Types of Educational Benefits 22
Educational Benefits and the Social Context 24
The Educational Value of MOOCs 25
Note 26
2 The Economic Crisis and the Rise of MOOCs 27
Introduction 27
Education, Society and the Economy 28
Work and Education in the Industrial Society 29
The Industrial Social Structure 32
The Crisis of Work in Information Society 33
Globalization 33
Multinational Firms and Foreign Competition 33
Multinational Firms and Declining Employment 34
The Managerial Revolution 35
The Japanese Miracle 35
Process Reengineering 35
From Multinational to Global Firms 37
From Mass Production to Flexible Production 38
Stagnant Wage Levels and Persistent Unemployment 38
New Opportunities for Educated Workers at the Periphery 39
Global Communications Networks 39
A Hydrologist Becomes an Information Manager 41
The un-MBA 41
The Decline of Jobs in the Gig Economy 42
The Crisis of Higher Education in Information Society Persistently Higher University Tuition 45
Shifts to Low-Cost Contingent Academic Labor 46
Declining Return on Investment in Higher Education 47
Declining Enrollments, Declining Revenues and Financial Exigency 47
Need for Rapid Development of Education Infrastructure in Developing Nations 48
Summary and Prospect 49
Notes 50
3 What Are MOOCs? 51
Origins 51
Distance Education, Internet Technology and Learning Management Systems 53
Proprietary e-Learning Management Systems 53
Open Courseware and Educational Resources 54
Early MOOCs 55
x-MOOCs and Early MOOC Platforms 56
Sebastian Thrun and Udacity 58
EdX 58
Coursera 58
The X-MOOC Revolution 59
The Meaning of ‘MOOC’ 59
Massive 60
Open 60
Online 61
Course 61
X-MOOC Aims 62
The Spread of MOOCs 64
Geographical Spread 64
FutureLearn (United Kingdom) 65
Open2Study (Australia) 66
OpenUpEd (the Netherlands, Europe) 66
Iversity (Germany, Europe) 66
Verduca (Brazil) 67
EdRaak (Jordan, Arab Countries) XuetangX (China)
Spread Across the Prestige Scale 70
Spread Beyond the College Audience and Shift Away from the College Course Model 71
Spread Beyond University Providers 72
Notes 73
4 The Primary Educational Value of MOOCs 75
Critiques of MOOCs 75
Two Lines of Primary Educational Criticism 76
Main Educational Criticisms of MOOCs 77
Very Few Enrollees Complete MOOCs 77
MOOCs Can’t Educate Because Education Requires Teaching 78
MOOCs are Isolating but Learning is Social 80
Classroom Isolation 80
Community Isolation 81
MOOCs Depend on Outmoded Pedagogy 81
Responses to MOOC Critiques 82
Completion is Irrelevant 83
MOOCs Can Handle the Tasks of College Instruction 85
High School Enrichment 85
Stand-Alone High School Classes 86
Precollege Review and Remediation 86
College Orientation MOOCs 87
MOOCs and the Tasks of Instruction 88
The Didactic Dimension 90
The Discursive Dimension 91
The Heuristic Dimension 94
Heuristic Learning Through Virtual Internships 94
MOOCs Need Not Be Isolating – And Isolation in Learning is Not Always Bad 95
Collaborative MOOCs 95
Isolation in Learning 96
MOOC Producers Have Joined the Learning Science and Educational Technology Communities 96
Notes 97
5 MOOCs and Career Qualifications 99
Introduction 99
The Educational System: Degrees as Qualifications 101
MOOCs for College Credit 101
Credits Are the ‘Coin of the Realm’ 101
The ‘System’ 102
MOOC Certificates for Transfer Credits 103
First in the Nation 103
The National Model 103
Credit for Life Experiences 104
Fulfilling State Policy Goals 104
Survival for Bottom Feeders 105
MOOCs and Competency-Based Education 106
MOOCS 2 Degree 108
Course Waivers 108
Cut Rate Credits 109
All MOOC Diploma Programs 110
ALL MOOC Colleges and Universities 110
Concluding Comments on MOOCs and the College Diploma Pathway 111
Micro-qualifications: Micro-degrees and Specializations 111
MOOC Certificates as Stand-Alone Credentials 112
Udacity and Nano-Degrees 113
ALISON Diplomas 113
EdX XSeries Sequences and Coursera Specializations 114
XSeries Sequences 115
Coursera Specializations 115
MOOCs as Components of Digital Portfolios 116
Notes 117
6 Three Contributions of MOOCs 118
Three Contributions: Return, Revenue and Revolution 118
Contribution I: Better Return on Student Investment in Higher Education 119
MOOCs Can Help to Reduce Tuition and Fees 120
Transfer Credits for Certificates 120
MOOC + CLEP 120
High School Advanced Placement Courses 120
Cut-Rate Credits 121
Course Waivers for MOOC Certificates 121
MOOCs Can Improve College Instructional Effectiveness 121
Better Precollege Preparation for University Studies 121
College Prep Subject-Matter MOOCs 122
College Orientation MOOCs 122
Blended Learning in Flipped, Wrapped and Backed-Up Classrooms 122
Flipped Classrooms 122
Wrapped Courses 122
Video as a ‘New Visual Language of Instruction’ 122
Increasing Social Interaction 123
MOOCs Can Help to Add High Value (21st-Century) Experiences and Outputs 123
High Tech, Entrepreneurship, Team-Building and Collaboration Skills 124
Innovation and Team Building 124
Collaboration 124
MOOCs for Experience in the Real Economy 124
Contribution 2: MOOCS Can Enhance University Revenues 125
MOOCs Can Help with Positioning and Niche Marketing 126
Positioning 126
Niche Marketing 127
MOOCs Can help with Special Projects 128
Special Degree Programs 129
Super-Star Professors with Media Tie-Ins 129
Government-Sponsored National Development Projects 129
Promoting the National Language 129
Recruiting Security Agents 130
Building Cutting Edge National Industries 130
Corporate MOOC Partnerships 130
Educating Clients and Suppliers 130
Building Goodwill Through Repurposing Internal Documents 130
MOOCs Can Aid in Faculty Retraining – Making Faculty Better at Emerging Academic Tasks 131
Building Multidisciplinary Across the Campus 131
Retraining the Faculty 131
Revisioning the Organizational Mission 132
Imagining New Possibilities 132
Contribution 3: Transformation – Higher Education 2.0 From Jobs to ‘Gigs’ 132
A New Vision 133
Notes 135
Works Cited 136
Index 148

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 24.11.2016
• Reihe/Serie: The Cultural and Social Foundations of Education
• Reihe/Serie: The Cultural and Social Foundations of Education
• Zusatzinfo: XVII, 136 p.
• Verlagsort: New York
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Schulbuch / Wörterbuch ► Unterrichtsvorbereitung ► Unterrichts-Handreichungen
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften
• Themenwelt: Sozialwissenschaften ► Pädagogik ► Allgemeines / Lexika
• Themenwelt: Sozialwissenschaften ► Pädagogik ► Bildungstheorie
• Themenwelt: Sozialwissenschaften ► Pädagogik ► Erwachsenenbildung
• Schlagworte: Curriculum • Education • Educational technology • higher education • Massive Open Online Course • Online • Philosophy • Policy
• ISBN-10: 1-349-85204-X / 134985204X
• ISBN-13: 978-1-349-85204-8 / 9781349852048