Immune System (eBook)

Genes, Receptors, Signals

C. Fred Fox, Eli E. Sercarz, Alan R. Williamson (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2013 | 1. Auflage
646 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-7740-0 (ISBN)

Infos

The Immune System: Genes Receptors, Signals provides information pertinent to the complexity of immune mechanisms. This book describes the immune response genes and products, which point to another multigene system controlling immune responsiveness. Organized into 37 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the details of antibody structure that continue to be of importance to an understanding of the regulation of the immune reactions. This text then examines the evidence that individual antibody species are capable of binding many structurally dissimilar haptens. Other chapters consider the conceptual framework generally accepted by immunologists, which states that antibodies are specific for the antigen used to elicit the immune response. This book discusses as well the mechanism underlying the biosynthesis of antibody binding sites, which is unprecedented in its adaptability. The final chapter deals with the genetic controls of specific immune responses. This book is a valuable resource for immunologists and research workers.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
The Immune System Genes, Receptors, Signals 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
List of Contributors 10
Preface 18
Acknowledgments 25
CHAPTER 1. ANTIBODY STRUCTURE AND THE IMMUNE RESPONSE 26
Role of antibodies in immune reactions 26
Antibody structure in relation to recognition function 28
Antibody structure in relation to response function 29
The IgE System: A model system for antibody mediated responses 29
REFERENCES 31
CHAPTER 2. THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE ANTIGEN BINDING SITE OF McPC 603 PROTEIN 32
INTRODUCTION 32
RESULTS 33
DISCUSSION 38
REFERENCES 38
CHAPTER 3. KINETIC MAPPING OF ANTIBODY BINDING SITES 40
INTRODUCTION 41
MATERIALS AND METHODS 44
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 45
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 56
REFERENCES 59
CHAPTER 4. MULTISPECIFICITY OF THE ANTIBODY COMBINING REGION AND ANTIBODY DIVERSITY 62
INTRODUCTION 62
MULTISPECIFICITY 63
PROBABILITY MODEL FOR SEROLOGICAL SPECIFICITY 65
NATURAL ANTIBODIES AND ANTIBODY DIVERSITY 73
CONCLUDING REMARKS 75
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 75
REFERENCES 75
CHAPTER 5. POLYFUNCTIONAL ANTIBODY COMBINING REGIONS 78
INTRODUCTION 78
REFERENCES 91
CHAPTER 6. A STUDY OF V REGION GENES USING ALLOTYPIC AND IDIOTYPIC MARKERS 94
ABSTRACT 94
INTRODUCTION 94
RESULTS 100
DISCUSSION 109
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 111
REFERENCES 111
CHAPTER 7. FIRST ORDER CONSIDERATIONS IN ANALYZING THE GENERATOR OF DIVERSITY 114
I. THE HYPOTHESIS 114
II. FRAMEWORK AND COMPLEMENTARITY-DETERMINING RESIDUES 115
III. PATTERN OF VARIATION OF A SINGLE GERM-LINE V-GENE 115
IV. ESTIMATE OF TOTAL NUMBER OF GERM-LINE VL-GENES 117
IV. ANTIBODY SPECIFICITIES CODED BY GERM-LINE V-GENES 125
V. SOME CONSEQUENCES OF THIS MODEL OF THE GERM-LINE V-GENE PROPERTIES 129
VI. THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF SEQUENCE 131
FOOTNOTES 132
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 140
REFERENCES 140
CHAPTER 8. ANTIBODY DIVERSITY: AN ASSESSMENT 144
INTRODUCTION 144
I. SELECTION LIMITS THE VARIABLE REGIONS EXPRESSED IN THE MYELOMA AND NORMAL POOLS OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS 144
II. MOST ANTIBODY FAMILIES HAVE MULTIPLE VARIABLE GENES IN THE GERM LINE 148
III. HYPERVARIABLE REGION PATTERNS ARE PREDICTED BY A GERM LINE THEORY 158
IV. NEW AND UNEXPECTED AMINO ACID SEQUENCE PATTERNS SUGGEST THAT MANY MYSTERIES OF ANTIBODY GENETICS, EVOLUTION AND CONTROL REMAIN YET TO BE UNRAVELED 160
V. ONE OF THE FRONTIERS IN MODERN GENETICS IS THE STUDY OF MULTIGENE SYSTEMS 162
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 163
REFERENCES 163
CHAPTER 9. MOLECULAR AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF LYMPHOCYTE SURFACE IMMUNOGLOBULIN 166
INTRODUCTION 167
A BIOCHEMICAL APPROACH TO THE LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR PROBLEM 168
DISCUSSION 191
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 193
REFERENCES 194
CHAPTER 10. ALLOANTISERUM INDUCED BLOCKADE OF IR GENE PRODUCT FUNCTION 200
INTRODUCTION 200
REFERENCES 214
CHAPTER 11. FURTHER CHARACTERIZATION OF la (IMMUNE RESPONSE REGION ASSOCIATED) ANTIGEN MOLECULES 216
INTRODUCTION 216
MATERIALS AND METHODS 218
RESULTS 219
DISCUSSION 222
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 224
REFERENCES 224
CHAPTER 12. RECEPTORS FOR ANTIGEN ON "B, T, B-T AND NUL" LYMPHOCYTES IN NORMAL AND "NUDE" MICE 226
ABSTRACT 226
INTRODUCTION 226
MATERIALS AND METHODS 227
RESULTS 228
DISCUSSION 229
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 234
REFERENCES 234
CHAPTER 13. CYTOPHILIC PROPERTIES OF T LYMPHOCYTE MEMBRANE ASSOCIATED IMMUNOGLOBULINS 242
INTRODUCTION 242
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 243
DISCUSSION 249
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 255
REFERENCES 255
CHAPTER 14. IN-VITRO BIOSYNTHESIS AND MOLECULAR ARRANGEMENT OF SURFACE IMMUNOGLOBUL IN OF MOUSE THYMUS CELLS 258
INTRODUCTION 258
MATERIALS AND METHODS 259
RESULTS 260
DISCUSSION 269
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 270
REFERENCES 271
CHAPTER 15. THE LYMPHOCYTE PLASMA MEMBRANE 272
INTRODUCTION 272
THE ORGANISATION OF THE LYMPHOCYTE PLASMA MEMBRANE 273
RELATIONSHIP OF SURFACE RECEPTORS AND ANTIGENS TO INTRAMEMBRANOUS PARTICLES 275
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MEMBRANE MOLECULES AND CYTOPLASMIC COMPONENTS 277
FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF A FLUID PLASMA MEMBRANE 279
REFERENCES 280
CHAPTER 16. PROBING LYMPHOCYTE MEMBRANE ORGANIZATION 284
INTRODUCTION 284
I. SURFACE MOBILITY AND IMP OF LYMPHOCYTES 285
II. SIMULTANEOUS LABELING OF DIFFERENT CELL SURFACE ANTIGENS FOR FLUORESCENCE AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 290
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 293
REFERENCES 294
CHAPTER 17. POLYCLONAL MITOGENS AND THE NATURE OF B LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION MECHANISMS 296
INTRODUCTION 296
METHODS 298
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 298
REFERENCES 318
CHAPTER 18. THE ORGANIZATION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES 324
INTRODUCTION 325
THE EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH 327
PURIFICATION OF MOPC-41 LIGHT CHAIN mRNA 327
SYNTHESIS OF DNA COMPLIMENTARY TO MOPC-41 mRNA 329
GENETIC REPRESENTATION OF THE KAPPA CONSTANT REGION SEQUENCE 332
GENETIC REPRESENTATION OF THE VARIABLE SEQUENCE 335
CONCLUSIONS 340
REFERENCES 341
REFERENCES 341
CHAPTER 19. QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF THE mRNA FOR H-CHAIN IMMUNOGLOBULIN 344
INTRODUCTION 344
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 345
QUANTITATION OF H-CHAIN mRNA 353
KINETICS OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN-H-CHAIN mRNA BINDING 356
REFERENCES 362
CHAPTER 20. MUTATIONS IN MOUSE MYELOMA CELLS 364
INTRODUCTION 364
ISOLATION OF VARIANTS 365
SHORT-CHAIN VARIANTS 366
VARIANTS OF THE 2a SEROTYPE 368
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN VARIANTS 372
STRUCTURAL STUDIES 373
DISCUSSION 374
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 375
REFERENCES 375
CHAPTER 21. SPONTANEOUS MUTATION IN IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES 378
INTRODUCTION 378
METHODS 378
DISCUSSION 379
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 380
REFERENCES 380
CHAPTER 22. BIOGRAPHY OF THE B CELL 382
INTRODUCTION 382
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 384
REFERENCES 390
CHAPTER 23. THE GENERATION OF DIVERSITY WITHIN SINGLE CLONES OF ANTIBODY-FORMING CELLS 392
INTRODUCTION 392
METHODS 395
RESULTS 399
DISCUSSION 408
REFERENCES 410
CHAPTER 24. B MEMORY CELLS IN THE PROPOGATION OF STABLE CLONES OF ANTIBODY FORMING CELLS 412
INTRODUCTION 412
DEVELOPMENT OF CLONAL MEMORY IN A PRIMARY RESPONSE 414
REGENERATION OF B-MEMORY CELLS IN CLONAL PROPAGATION 422
DISCUSSION 425
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 429
REFERENCES 430
CHAPTER 25. ANTIGEN DEPENDANCE OF CLONAL MEMORY 432
INTRODUCTION 432
MATERIALS AND METHODS 432
RESULTS 433
DISCUSSION 436
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 438
REFERENCES 438
CHAPTER 26. REGULATION OF THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO TYPE III PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE BY THYMIC-DERIVED CELLS 440
INTRODUCTION 440
MATERIALS AND METHODS 441
RESULTS 442
DISCUSSION 447
REFERENCES 453
CHAPTER 27. THYMOCYTE SUBPOPULATION WITH SUPPRESSIVE ACTIVITY 456
INTRODUCTION 456
COMPARISON OF THE SUPPRESSIVE EFFECT OF THYMUS CELLS WITH THE SUPPRESSION BY NEONATAL APPLICATION OF ANTIGEN 457
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE "SUPPRESSOR CELL" 463
REFERENCES 469
CHAPTER 28. SUPPRESSOR T CELLS IN LOW ZONE TOLERANCE 472
References 478
CHAPTER 29. ANTIBODY INDUCED SUPPRESSOR T-CELLS 480
REFERENCES 493
CHAPTER 30. T CELL REGULATION: THE "SECOND LAW OF THYMODYNAMICS" 496
INTRODUCTION 496
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 497
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 508
REFERENCES 509
CHAPTER 31. T CELL FACTORS IN THE REGULATION OF THE B CELL RESPONSE 510
INTRODUCTION 510
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 512
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 520
REFERENCES 520
CHAPTER 32. ANTIGEN SPECIFIC T CELL FACTORS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE REGULATION OF T-B INTERACTION 522
INTRODUCTION 523
METHODS 523
SPECIFIC COOPERATION MEDIATED BY SUBCELLULAR SUPERNATANTS OF ACTIVATED T CELLS 523
REGULATION OF THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE BY T CELL SUPERNATANTS 525
CELLULAR SOURCE OF IgT 526
AN INTEGRATED MODEL OF CELL COOPERATION AND ITS REGULATION 527
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 530
REFERENCES 530
CHAPTER 33. THE NATURE OF THE SIGNALS REQUIRED FOR THE INDUCTION OF ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS 536
INTRODUCTION 536
EFFECT OF CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES ON PRECURSOR CELL ACTIVITY 538
EFFECT OF CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES ON BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE ACTIVITY 546
ALLOGENEIC SUPERNATANT FACTORS 551
CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES AS MEDIATORS OF PHENOTYPIC EXPRESSION 551
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 556
REFERENCES 556
CHAPTER 34. IDIOTYPIC RECEPTORS FOR ALLOANTIGEN ON T CELLS 558
INTRODUCTION 558
MATERIALS AND METHODS 560
RESULTS 560
DISCUSSION 572
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 574
References 575
CHAPTER 35. MANIPULATION OF A TOLERANT STATE: CELLS AND SIGNALS 578
INTRODUCTION 578
METHODS 579
RESULTS 579
DISCUSSION 588
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 590
REFERENCES 591
CHAPTER 36. THE ROLE OF HISTOCOMPATIBILITY GENE PRODUCTS IN COOPERATIVE CELL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN T AND B LYMPHOCYTES 594
INTRODUCTION 594
GENETIC RESTRICTIONS OF T-B CELL INTERACTIONS 595
BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF A T CELL PRODUCT ACTIVE IN TRIGGERING B LYMPHOCYTES 606
ELICITATION OF ANTI-HAPTEN ANTIBODY RESPONSES BY NON-LINKED HAPTEN AND CARRIER DETERMINANTS 611
HYPOTHETICAL SCHEME OF T-B CELL INTERACTIONS 616
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 618
REFERENCES 618
CHAPTER 37. Ir GENES AND ANTIGEN RECOGNITION 622
INTRODUCTION 622
THE ANALYSIS OF THE RESPONDING CELL TYPE IN TETRAPARENTAL CHIMERIC MICE 623
ANTIGEN BINDING B AND T CELLS IN HIGH AND LOW RESPONDER MICE 628
THE USE OF IN VITRO LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFORMATION FOR THE STUDY OF Ir-1 REGULATED IMMUNE REACTIONS 633
ANTIGENS CONTROLLED BY THE I REGION OF THE MOUSE H-2 COMPLEX 637
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF la ANTIGENS 639
MIXED LYMPHOCYTE REACTION STUDIES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ANTIGENS ON T AND B LYMPHOCYTES CONTROLLED BY THE I REGION OF THE H-2 COMPLEX 646
DISCUSSION 651
REFERENCES 655

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 11.9.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Kinder- / Jugendbuch ► Sachbücher ► Naturwissenschaft / Technik
• Themenwelt: Kinder- / Jugendbuch ► Spielen / Lernen ► Lernen / Lernspiele
• Themenwelt: Schulbuch / Wörterbuch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 1-4832-7740-2 / 1483277402
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4832-7740-0 / 9781483277400