Sensory Coding in the Mammalian Nervous System
Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers (Verlag)
978-0-306-20020-5 (ISBN)
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One reason for dividing the material in this way is that many of the features of the first-order code are common to all sensory modalities. The intensity, the place, the rhythm, the "quality" of stimuli are encoded by rules which are applicable, albeit with appropriate modifIcations, to all senses. Furthermore, these rules of coding are today rather well understood.
I: Introduction.- 1: Assumptions.- 2: Methods.- Critique.- Design.- Electrical recording.- Probes.- Experimental animals.- Stimulation.- 3: Signalling in the Nervous System.- Neurons.- The nerve impulses: Physical nature.- The nerve impulses: Conduction in myelinated and nonmyelinated fibers.- Generator potentials and receptor potentials.- Transmission between neurons.- II: The First-Order Code.- 4: Variables of the Sensory Code.- The diversity of stimuli and of sensory signalling.- The coding of quality.- Intensity.- Input-output functions of individual afferent fibers.- Input-output functions of populations.- Time.- Velocity: Receptor adaptation.- The coding of size, shape, and location.- 5: Direct Contact with the World.- The skin as a sense organ.- The so-called 'sensory spots', and the specificity of cutaneous afferents.- Corpuscles of Pacini.- Partially and slowly adapting mechanoreceptors.- Receptors of hair follicles.- Temperature receptors.- Temperature sensitivity of other receptors.- Pain.- The shape of things touched.- 6: The Inner Senses.- Proprioception 1: Feedback signals of movement.- Proprioception 2: Sense organs of joints.- Visceral receptors.- Receptor cells sought within the brain.- 7: The External Chemical Senses.- Taste: The stimuli.- Taste: The receptors.- Taste: The code.- The receptors and their nerves.- Smell.- The common problem of the codes of taste and of smell.- Common chemical sense, and how it relates to pain.- 8: The Inner Ear.- The transducers.- Semicircular canals.- The utricle.- The saccule.- The sound stimulus.- The cochlea.- Cochlear potentials and the stimulation of the receptors.- Analysis of frequencies.- The neural code.- Alternatives to the Bekesy/Davis/Tasaki/Whitfield model: The pulse-frequency code.- Alternatives to Davis' 'carbon microphone' model.- Some loose ends in auditory theory.- 9: The Photoreceptors of the Retina.- The receptors.- Visual pigments.- The stimulation of photoreceptors.- Photoreceptor potentials.- Three receptors to see so many tints, hues and shades.- III: Coding in the Center.- 10: Approaches to Brain Function.- Lessons learned from electrical recording and from ablations of the brain.- Firing patterns of central neurons.- 11: Sensory Synaptic Cascades.- Place and identity of relay sites.- Transmission and transformation at relay synapses.- How and where active processing.- Amplifiers, attenuators, and linear operators.- Lateral inhibition: The enhancement of contrast.- Self-inhibition and automatic gain control.- Relationships of transformations in the domains of time and space.- Changes of the rules of coding: Abstractions and invariances. Transcriptions?.- Parallel channels, redundancy, and the possible significance of fiber size.- The cortex: Blueprint and performance.- The cortex: On topographic representation.- 12: Central Coding in the Somatic Senses.- One system, two, or several?.- A paradox resolved?.- Neurons in somatic relays: 'Lemniscal' and 'anterolateral' types.- Input from the face.- Neurons of the nuclei of the dorsal columns.- Neurons of the ventrobasal region of the thalamus.- Cells of the first somatic receiving area (S I) of the cerebral cortex.- Neurons of the dorsal horns of the spinal cord.- Connections of the dorsal horns with the brain.- More on Melzack and Wall: Support.- Even more on Melzack and Wall: Doubts.- The posterior group of nuclei of the thalamus.- Spinothalamic contribution to the ventrobasal thalamus.- Coding for skin temperature by thalamic neurons.- Skin temperature and neurons in the somatic cortex.- 13: The Central Code of Hearing.- Components of the central auditory system.- Centrifugal control in the auditory system.- Tonotopic organization.- Discharges of cells in the auditory pathway.- Nural correlates of directional hearing.- 14: The Central Code of Sight.- The organization of the retina.- What excites ganglion cells: Shape of the receptive fields.- Colored stimuli: Effects on ganglion cells and on cells of the lateral geniculate nucleus.- Retinal ganglion cells: Adaptation to light and to darkness.- Synaptic mechanisms of the retina.- Detectors of movement and of direction.- Beyond the retina.- The visual thalamus: The lateral geniculate.- Neurons of the visual cortex.- Blueprints for the cortex: In series processing or parallel channels?.- Seeing in depth.- Visual function of the roof of the midbrain.- 15: The Central Code of the Chemical Senses.- Neurons in the central pathway of taste.- The olfactory bulb.- IV: Postscript.- In praise of redundancy.- The hierarchies of input revisited.- Relevancies and irrelevancies for sensory physiology in psychophysics and in information theory.- Last words.- V: Literature.- Key Titles.- Works of historic importance and works concerned with history.- Brain theory.- Psychology of sensation and perception.- Coding and information theory.- Sensory physiology (general works).- Sensory receptors.- Somatic senses.- Chemical senses.- Hearing.- Vision.- References.- Name Index.
| Reihe/Serie | Neuroscience Series |
|---|---|
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Sachbuch/Ratgeber ► Natur / Technik ► Naturführer |
| Schulbuch / Wörterbuch | |
| ISBN-10 | 0-306-20020-1 / 0306200201 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-0-306-20020-5 / 9780306200205 |
| Zustand | Neuware |
| Informationen gemäß Produktsicherheitsverordnung (GPSR) | |
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