Lithium Needs and Resources (eBook)

Proceedings of a Symposium Held in Corning, New York, 12-14 October 1977

S. S. Penner (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2016 | 1. Auflage
190 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4831-5120-5 (ISBN)

Infos

Lithium: Needs and Resources focuses on the applications, reactions, and increasing demand for lithium, as well as the exploration methods used in the extraction of this element. The selection first offers information on the lithium industry, including markets for lithium metal and lithium compounds and lithium reserves. The text then surveys past and future development of the market for lithium in the global aluminum industry. Topics include effects of lithium carbonate, demand for aluminum, development of US demand, and survey of aluminum plants. The compilation takes a look at lithium ore in Brazil and lithium-bearing rocks in Clark County, Nevada, USA, including geology of lithium districts, future perspectives, and mineralogy and distribution of lithium. The text also discusses hydrogen-mineral reactions and their application to the removal of iron from spodumene. Considerations include iron removal process, crystal chemistry of spodumene, and hydrogen-mineral reactions. The publication surveys the deposits of lithium in the United Kingdom; exploration methods in the Tanco mine area in Manitoba, Canada; and the role of the U.S. Geological Survey in the lithium industry. The selection is a vital source of information for readers interested in studying the sources and applications of lithium.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Lithium: Needs and Resources 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION 8
Chapter 2. THE LITHIUM INDUSTRY TODAY 10
1. HISTORY 10
2. WORLD PRODUCERS AND CONVERTERS 10
3. MARKETS FOR LITHIUM METAL AND LITHIUM COMPOUNDS 11
4. LITHIUM RESERVES 12
5. CLOSING COMMENTS 12
Chapter 3. LITHIUM IN EUROPE (SUMMARY) 14
Chapter 4. PAST AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MARKET FOR LITHIUM IN THE WORLD ALUMINIUM INDUSTRY 16
1. INTRODUCTION 16
2. EFFECTS OF ADDING LITHIUM CARBONATE 16
3. AVAILABLE DEMAND DATA 17
4. DEMAND PER TONNE OF ALUMINIUM 17
5. DEVELOPMENT OF US DEMAND 18
6. SURVEY OF WORLD ALUMINIUM PLANTS 18
7. FUTURE DEMAND 19
REFERENCES 19
Chapter 5. LITHIUM ORE IN BRAZIL 20
1. GENERALITIES 20
2. GEOLOGY OF LITHIUM DISTRICTS 22
3. RESERVES OF THE ARAÇUAI-ITINGA DISTRICT 24
4. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 25
REFERENCES 26
Chapter 6. LITHIUM-BEARING ROCKS OF THE HORSE SPRING FORMATION, CLARK COUNTY, NEVADA 28
INTRODUCTION 28
STRATIGRAPHY 29
MINERALOGY AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF LITHIUM 29
GEOCHEMISTRY 32
DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY 34
REFERENCES 35
Chapter 7. LITHIUM, A PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF ITS MINERAL OCCURRENCE IN FLINT CLAY AND RELATED ROCK TYPES IN THE UNITED STATES 36
INTRODUCTION 36
DATA 37
DISCUSSION 37
CLEARFIELD COUNTY, PA 39
MINERALOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY 42
CONCLUSIONS 44
REFERENCES 44
Chapter 8. HYDROGEN-MINERAL REACTIONS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO THE REMOVAL OF IRON FROM SPODUMENE 46
INTRODUCTION 46
CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF SPODUMENE 46
IRON REMOVAL PROCESSES 47
HYDROGEN-MINERAL REACTIONS 50
CONCLUSIONS 52
REFERENCES 52
Chapter 9. A PRELIMINARY LOOK AT LITHIUM IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 54
INTRODUCTION 54
LITHIUM IN ROCKS AND MINERALS 54
LITHIUM IN GROUNDWATERS 59
LITHIUM BRINES IN CORNISH MINES 62
CONCLUSIONS 62
REFERENCES 64
SOURCE REFERENCES FOR THE LITHIUM ANALYSES OF ROCKS AND MINERALS 64
Chapter 10. EXPLORATION METHODS IN THE TANCO MINE AREA OF SOUTHEASTERN MANITOBA, CANADA 66
INTRODUCTION 66
THE GEOCHEMICAL METHOD 66
THE GRAVITY METHOD 66
SURVEY RESULTS 67
CONCLUSIONS 70
REFERENCES 70
Chapter 11. THE ROLE OF THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY IN THE LITHIUM INDUSTRY 72
LITHIUM RESOURCES 72
REFERENCES 76
Chapter 12. A REVIEW OF EXTRACTIVE PROCESSES FOR LITHIUM FROM ORES AND BRINES 78
INTRODUCTION 78
THE CONCENTRATION AND EXTRACTION OF LITHIUM COMPOUNDS 79
WINNING OF LITHIUM METAL 81
LITHIUM PURIFICATION 84
SUMMARY 85
REFERENCES 85
Chapter 13. THE ESSENTIAL CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FERROUS ALLOYS NEEDED FOR CONTAINMENT OF LIQUID LITHIUM 88
INTRODUCTION 88
FORMS OF CORROSION 88
EFFECT OF STRESS 93
MATERIAL SELECTION 93
SUMMARY 95
REFERENCES 96
Chapter 14. PRELIMINARY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF RECOVERY OF LITHIUM FROM BRINE WITH THE USE OF A SELECTIVE EXTRACTANT† 98
INTRODUCTION 98
CHEMISTRY OF SEPARATION 99
CONCEPTUAL PROCESS DESIGN FOR EXTRACTION OF LITHIUM FROM SMACKOVER BRINE 99
PROCESS DESIGN AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 102
ENERGY REQUIREMENT AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 104
CONCLUSION 109
REFERENCES 109
Chapter 15. POTENTIAL LITHIUM REQUIREMENTS FOR FUSION POWER PLANTS 110
INTRODUCTION 110
FUSION FUEL REQUIREMENTS 114
LITHIUM SUPPLY 117
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 118
REFERENCES 118
Chapter 16. LITHIUM IN THE McDERMITT CALDERA, NEVADA AND OREGON 120
INTRODUCTION 120
GEOLOGY 120
LITHIUM DISTRIBUTION AND MINERALOGY 121
SUMMARY 125
REFERENCES 126
Chapter 17. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF LITHIUM-RICH BRINES IN SALAR DE UYUNI AND NEARBY SALARS IN SOUTHWESTERN BOLIVIA 128
INTRODUCTION 128
CHARACTER OF THE SALAR CRUSTS 130
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE BRINES 132
CONCLUSIONS 136
REFERENCES 136
Chapter 18. DISTRIBUTION AND PETROGENESIS OF LITHIUM PEGMATITES IN THE WESTERN SUPERIOR PROVINCE OF THE CANADIAN SHIELD† 138
INTRODUCTION 138
THE WESTERN ARCHEAN OF CANADA 139
THE CAT LAKE-WINNIPEG RIVER DISTRICT, SOUTHEASTERN MANITOBA 141
DIAPIRIC GRANITOIDS, QUARTZ MONZONITES AND PEGMATITIC GRANITES 142
PEGMATITE TYPES AND AFFILIATIONS 143
GENETIC CONDITIONS 144
THE BLACK HILLS OF SOUTH DAKOTA 145
THE KITEE-TOHMAJÄRVI DISTRICT, EASTERN FINLAND 146
GEORGIA LAKE DISTRICT, ONTARIO 147
CONCLUDING REMARKS 148
REFERENCES 149
Chapter 19. LITHIUM RESERVES AND RESOURCES 152
INTRODUCTION 152
RESOURCES IN THE CONTEXT OF CURRENT AND FUTURE DEMAND 156
Chapter 20. QUO VADIS, LITION? 160
1. INTRODUCTION 160
2. DEMAND-SUPPLY DILEMMA 160
3. SALAR DE ATACAMA 163
Chapter 21. LITHIUM DEPOSITS AND POTENTIAL OF QUEBEC AND ATLANTIC PROVINCES, CANADA 164
INTRODUCTION 164
GENERAL GEOLOGY 164
PREISSAC-LACORNE DISTRICT 164
PRINCIPAL LITHIUM DEPOSITS 167
OTHER LITHIUM OCCURRENCES IN THE ABITIBI GREENSTONE BELT 168
ASSINICA LAKE DEPOSIT 169
ANNE LAKE DEPOSITS 169
LAC DES MONTAGNES DEPOSIT 169
EASTMAIN RIVER DEPOSIT 169
WALRUS ISLAND 169
LITHIUM IN OTHER GEOLOGICAL PROVINCES 170
GENERAL STATEMENT AND CONCLUSIONS 170
REFERENCES 171
Chapter 22. LITHIUM RESOURCES IN THE YELLOWKNIFE AREA, NORTHWEST TERRITORIES, CANADA 172
INTRODUCTION 172
GENERAL SETTING 175
REGIONAL GEOLOGY 175
ECONOMIC GEOLOGY 176
CONCLUSIONS 179
REFERENCES 179
Chapter 23. AN ESTIMATION OF LITHIUM RESOURCES AND POTENTIALS OF NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO, MANITOBA AND SASKATCHEWAN, CANADA 182
INTRODUCTION 182
KNOWN LITHIUM DEPOSITS 183
POTENTIAL LITHIUM RESOURCES 184
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 186
REFERENCES 186
SUBJECT INDEX 188

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 11.1.2016
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Sachbuch/Ratgeber ► Natur / Technik ► Natur / Ökologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Ökologie / Naturschutz
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 1-4831-5120-4 / 1483151204
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4831-5120-5 / 9781483151205