Electric Drives and Electromechanical Systems (eBook)

Applications and Control

Richard Crowder (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2006 | 1. Auflage
312 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-049264-3 (ISBN)

Infos

The focus of this book on the selection and application of electrical drives and control systems for electromechanical and mechatronics applications makes it uniquely useful for engineers in industry working with machines and drives. It also serves as a student text for courses on motors and drives, and engineering design courses, especially within mechanical engineering and mechatronics degree programs.

The criteria for motor-drive selection are explained, and the main types of drives available to drive machine tools and robots introduced. The author also provides a review of control systems and their application, including PLCs and network technologies. The coverage of machine tools and high-performance drives in smaller applications makes this a highly practical book focused on the needs of students and engineers working with electromechanical systems.

* An invaluable survey of electric drives and control systems for electromechanical and mechatronics applications
* Essential reading for electrical and mechanical engineers using motors and drives
* An ideal electric motors and drives text for university courses including mechatronics

Inhalt

Cover 1
Copyright page 5
Contents 6
Preface 12
List of principal symbols 14
1 Electromechanical systems 18
1.1 Principles of automation 18
1.2 Machine tools 21
1.2.1 Conventional machining processes 21
1.2.2 Non-conventional machining 24
1.2.3 Machining centres 27
1.3 Robots 28
1.3.1 Industrial robots 28
1.3.2 Robotic hands 35
1.3.3 Mobile robotics 40
1.3.4 Legged robots 41
1.4 Other applications 44
1.4.1 Automotive applications 44
1.4.2 Aerospace applications 45
1.5 Motion-control systems 48
1.6 Summary 51
2 Analysing a drive system 52
2.1 Rotary systems 52
2.1.1 Fundamental relationships 52
2.1.2 Torque considerations 54
2.1.3 Gear ratios 56
2.1.4 Acceleration without an external load 57
2.1.5 Acceleration with an applied external load 58
2.1.6 Accelerating loads with variable inertias 59
2.2 Linear systems 60
2.3 Friction 61
2.4 Motion proflies 63
2.5 Assessment of a motor-drive system 69
2.5.1 Mechanical compatibility 69
2.5.2 Electromagnetic compatibility 70
2.5.3 Wiring considerations 72
2.5.4 Supply considerations 74
2.5.5 Protection from the environment 78
2.5.6 Drive hazards and risk 79
2.6 Summary 87
3 Power transmission and sizing 88
3.1 Gearboxes 89
3.1.1 Planetary gearbox 89
3.1.2 Harmonic gearbox 92
3.1.3 Cycloid gearbox 94
3.2 Lead and ball screws 95
3.3 Belt drives 98
3.4 Bearings 102
3.4.1 Conventional bearings 102
3.4.2 Air bearings 105
3.4.3 Magnetic bearings 106
3.5 Couplings 107
3.6 Shafts 109
3.6.1 Static behaviour of shafts 109
3.6.2 Transient behaviour of shafts 110
3.7 Linear drives 112
3.8 Review of motor-drive sizing 113
3.8.1 Continuous duty 115
3.8.2 Intermittent duty 116
3.8.3 Inability to meet both the speed and the torque requirements 119
3.8.4 Linear motor sizing 120
3.9 Summary 122
4 Velocity and position transducers 124
4.1 The performance of measurement systems 124
4.1.1 Random errors 125
4.1.2 Systematic errors 128
4.1.3 Digital-system errors 129
4.1.4 Analogue-digital and digital-analogue conversion errors 130
4.1.5 Dynamic performance 132
4.2 Rotating velocity transducers 132
4.2.1 Brushed d.c. tachogenerators 133
4.2.2 Brushless d.c. tachogenerators 134
4.2.3 Incremental systems 134
4.2.4 Electromechanical pulse encoders 135
4.3 Position transducers 135
4.3.1 Brushed potentiometers 136
4.3.2 Linear variable differential transformers – LVDT 136
4.3.3 Resolvers 137
4.3.4 Rotary and linear Inductosyn 142
4.3.5 Optical position sensors 144
4.4 Application of position and velocity transducers 148
4.4.1 Mechanical installation 148
4.4.2 Electrical interconnection 150
4.4.3 Determination of datum position 152
4.5 Summary 152
5 Brushed direct-current motors 154
5.1 Review of motor theory 154
5.2 Direct-current motors 156
5.2.1 Ironless-rotor motors 156
5.2.2 Iron-rotor motors 158
5.2.3 Torque motors 158
5.2.4 Printed-circuit motors 160
5.3 Drives for d.c. brushed motors 161
5.3.1 Four-quadrant thyristor converters 162
5.3.2 Linear amplifiers 162
5.3.3 Pulse width modulated servo drives 165
5.3.4 Analysis of the bipolar PWM amplifier 168
5.3.5 PWM amplifiers 172
5.4 Regeneration 179
5.5 Summary 185
6 Brushless motors and controllers 186
6.1 The d.c. brushless motor 189
6.1.1 Torque-speed characteristics 193
6.1.2 Brushless d.c.motor controllers 195
6.2 Sinewave-wound brushless motors 199
6.2.1 Torque characteristics 200
6.2.2 Voltage characteristics 202
6.2.3 Torque-speed characteristics 202
6.2.4 Control of sinewave-wound brushless motors 204
6.3 Linear motors 205
6.4 Summary 206
7 Induction motors 208
7.1 Induction motor characteristics 209
7.2 Scalar control 215
7.3 Vector control 219
7.3.1 Vector control principles 220
7.3.2 Implementation of vector control 224
7.3.3 Vector control using sensors 225
7.3.4 Sensorless vector control 228
7.4 Matrix converter 228
7.5 Summary 230
8 Stepper motors 232
8.1 Principles of stepper-motor operation 233
8.1.1 Multistack variable-reluctance motors 233
8.1.2 Single-stack variable-reluctance motors 235
8.1.3 Hybrid stepper motors 235
8.1.4 Linear stepper motor 238
8.1.5 Comparison of motor types 239
8.2 Static-position accuracy 240
8.3 Torque-speed characteristics 242
8.4 Control of stepper motors 243
8.4.1 Open-loop control 245
8.4.2 Translators and drive circuits 246
8.5 Summary 250
9 Related motors and actuators 252
9.1 Voice coils 252
9.2 Limited-angle torque motors 254
9.3 Piezoelectric motors 256
9.4 Switched reluctance motors 257
9.5 Shape-memory alloy 262
9.6 Summary 263
10 Controllers for automation 264
10.1 Servo control 265
10.1.1 Digital controllers 270
10.1.2 Advanced control systems 274
10.1.3 Digital signal processors 274
10.2 Motion controllers 276
10.3 Programmable logic controllers 279
10.3.1 Combinational-logic programming 282
10.3.2 Sequential-logic programming 284
10.4 Networks 289
10.4.1 Network architecture 291
10.4.2 Industrial networking 293
10.4.3 SCADA 296
10.5 Summary 296
Units and Conversion Factors 298
Bibliography 302
Index 306
A 306
B 306
C 306
D 306
E 306
F 307
G 307
H 307
I 307
L 307
M 307
N 308
P 308
Q 308
R 308
S 308
T 308
V 308
W 309

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 2.2.2006
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Sachbuch/Ratgeber
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• ISBN-10: 0-08-049264-9 / 0080492649
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-049264-3 / 9780080492643