Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry (eBook)

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1997 | 1. Auflage
491 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-056311-4 (ISBN)

Infos

Since its inception in 1945, this serial has provided critical and integrating articles written by research specialists in industrial, analytical, and technological aspects of biochemistry, organic chemistry, and instrumentation methodology in the study of carbohydrates. The articles provide a definitive interpretation of the current status and future trends in carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry, Volume 52 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Preface 10
Chapter 1. Maurice Stacey 1907–1994 14
Text 14
Appendix 33
Chapter 2. Nomenclature of Carbohydrates 57
Preamble 60
2-Carb-0. Historical Development of Carbohydrate Nomenclature 61
2-Carb-1. Definitions and Conventions 62
2-Carb-2. Parent Monosaccharides 66
2-Carb-3. The Fischer Projection of the Acyclic Form 69
2-Carb-4. Configurational Symbols and Prefixes 70
2-Carb-5. Cyclic Forms and Their Representation 72
2-Carb-6. Anomeric Forms: Use of a and ß 78
2-Carb-7. Conformation of Cyclic Forms 81
2-Carb-8. Aldoses 85
2-Carb-9. Dialdoses 87
2-Carb-10. Ketoses 88
2-Carb-11. Diketoses 91
2-Carb-12. Ketoaldoses (Aldoketoses, Aldosuloses) 92
2-Carb-13. Deoxy Sugars 93
2-Carb-14. Amino Sugars 97
2-Carb-15. Thio Sugars and Other Chalcogen Analogues 99
2-Carb-16. Other Substituted Monosaccharides 100
2-Carb-17. Unsaturated Monosaccharides 104
2-Carb-18. Branched-Chain Sugars 110
2-Carb-19. Alditols 115
2-Carb-20. Aldonic Acids 116
2-Carb-21. Ketoaldonic Acids 119
2-Carb-22. Uronic Acids 121
2-Carb-23. Aldaric Acids 123
2-Carb-24. O-Substitution 125
2-Carb-25. N-Substitution 130
2-Carb-26. Intramolecular Anhydrides 131
2-Carb-27. Intermolecular Anhydrides 133
2-Carb-28. Cyclic Acetals 134
2-Carb-29. Hemiacetals, Hemiketals, and Their Thio Analogues 135
2-Carb-30. Acetals, Ketals, and Their Thio Analogues 136
2-Carb-31. Names for Monosaccharide Residues 138
2-Carb-32. Radicals, Cations, and Anions 142
2-Carb-33. Glycosides and Glycosyl Compounds 145
2-Carb-34. Replacement of Ring Oxygen by Other Elements 153
2-Carb-35. Carbohydrates Containing Additional Rings 156
2-Carb-36. Disaccharides 161
2-Carb-37. Higher Oligosaccharides 164
2-Carb-38. Use of Symbols for Defining Oligosaccharide Structures 172
2-Carb-39. Polysaccharides 176
References 182
Chapter 3. Thioglycosides as Glycosyl Donors in Oligosaccharide Synthesis 192
I. General Introduction: Glycosidation Methods for Oligosaccharide Syntheses 192
II. Preparation of Thioglycosides 194
III. Conversion of Thioglycosides into Other Glycosyl Donors 196
IV. In Situ Generation of Glycosyl Halides from Thioglycosides 197
V. Direct Use of Thioglycosides by Means of Thiophilic Activators 198
VI. Thioglycosides in Block Synthesis of Oligosaccharides 204
VII. Thioglycosides as Glycosyl Acceptors in Oligosaccharide Synthesis 210
VIII. Glycosyl Sulfoxides, Sulfones, and Selenoglycosides as Glycosyl Donors 211
IX. Conclusions 213
References 213
Chapter 4. Dihexulose Dianhydrides 220
I. Introduction 220
II. Nomenclature 221
III. Historical Overview 223
IV. Di-D-fructose Dianhydrides from Natural Sources 226
V. Dihexulose Dianhydrides by Prontonic and Thermal Activation of Saccharides 229
VI. Conformational Energies in Dihexulose Dianhydrides and the Control of Product Distributions 237
VII. Di-D-fructose Dianhydrides and Industry 245
VIII. Uses of Dihexulose Dianhydrides 246
References 248
Chapter 5. Sugars and Nucleotides and the Biosynthesis of Thiamine 280
I. Introduction 281
II. I-Deoxy-D-threo-pentulose as the Precursor of the Five-Carbon Chain of Thiazole in Escherichia coli Cells and Spinach Chloroplasts 288
III. Chemistry and Biochemistry of 1-Deoxy-D-threo-pentulose 290
IV. A Pentulose or Pentulose Derivative as the Precursor of the Five-carbon Chain of the Thiazole of Thiamine in Yeasts 301
V. 5-Amino-1 -(ß-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazole 5'-Phosphate, the Precursor of Pyramine in Enterobacteria 305
VI. Pyramine Synthesis in Yeasts 316
VII. The Distribution of the Four Biosynthetic Routes in Nature 318
VIII. Conclusions 319
References 320
Chapter 6. Molecular Architecture of Polysaccharide Helices in Oriented Fibers 324
I. Introduction 325
II. Polysaccharide Fiber Preparation 326
III. X-Ray Diffraction Analysis 327
IV. (1 .)-Linked Polysaccharides 339
V. (1 + 3)-Linked Polysaccharides 369
VI. (1 . 4), (1 . 3)-Linked Polysaccharides 377
VII. The Gellan Family of Polysaccharides 396
VIII. More Branched Polysaccharides 406
References 414
Chapter 7. Sucrose Decomposition in Aqueous Solution and Losses in Sugar Manufacture and Refining 454
I. Introduction 454
II. Alkaline Degradation of Sucrose 457
III. Alkaline Degradation of Monosaccharides 462
IV. Acid Hydrolysis of Sucrose 468
V. Acid Degradation of Monosaccharides 470
VI. Effects of Degradation Reactions on Sucrose Manufacture 471
VII. Glossary of Sugar Industry Terms 479
References 481
Author Index for Volume 52 484
Subject Index for Volume 52 496

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 7.8.1997
• Mitarbeit: Herausgeber (Serie): Derek Horton
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Sachbuch/Ratgeber
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Gesundheitsfachberufe ► Diätassistenz / Ernährungsberatung
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Biochemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Organische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 0-08-056311-2 / 0080563112
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-056311-4 / 9780080563114