Safety at Work (eBook)

John R. Ridley (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2014 | 3. Auflage
776 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4831-9374-8 (ISBN)

Infos

Safety at Work features articles from 25 specialist contributors written in association with the Institution of Occupational Safety and Health. This third edition of the book contains revisions to reflect developments in health and safety legislation and to rationalize the structure of some of the chapters. This book is organized into 31 chapters. Several chapters from the second edition were revised. Chapters on occupational safety law were combined into one chapter. The Management Techniques and Behavioral Science chapters were also combined in to Management of Risk to reflect the growing importance of broad based risk control strategies. A chapter on the employer's obligations for safety was included to replace the behavioral science techniques chapter and the practical day-to-day engineering application of physics and chemistry techniques was retitled Engineering science. A new chapter on the safe use of chemicals has also been added to cover with the important field covered by the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1988. This book will be of interest to occupational safety professionals and others interested in workplace safety.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Safety at Work 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 14
Preface to third edition 8
Preface to first edition 10
List of Contributors 12
Part I: Law 26
Chapter 1. Explaining the law 28
1.1 Introduction 28
1.2 The incident 28
1.3 Some possible actions arising from the incident 28
1.4 Legal issues of the incident 29
1.5 Criminal and civil law 29
1.6 Branches of law 30
1.7 Law and fact 32
1.8 The courts 32
1.9 Judicial precedent 41
1.10 Court procedure 42
1.11 Identity of court personnel 44
1.12 Industrial Tribunals 46
1.13 European Community Courts 47
1.14 Sources of English law 49
1.15 Legislation 49
1.16 Safety legislation before the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 53
1.17 Principles developed by the courts 54
References 55
Further reading 55
Chapter 2. Principal Health and Safety Acts 57
2.1 The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 57
2.2 The Factories Act 1961 65
2.3 The Offices, Shops and Railway Premises Act 1963 71
2.4 The Fire Precautions Act 1971 72
2.5 The Mines and Quarries Acts 1954–71 74
2.6 The Control of Pollution Act 1974 75
2.7 The Road Traffic Acts 1972–74 77
2.8 The Public Health Act 1936 77
2.9 Petroleum (Consolidation) Act 1928 78
2.10 Crown premises 78
2.11 Other Acts listed in schedule 1 of the HSW Act 79
References 79
Further reading 79
Chapter 3. Subordinate safety legislation 80
3.1 Abrasive Wheels Regulations 1970 80
3.2 The Construction (General Provisions) Regulations 1961 81
3.3 The Construction (Health and Welfare) Regulations 1966 82
3.4 The Construction (Lifting Operations) Regulations 1961 82
3.5 The Construction (Working Places) Regulations 1966 83
3.6 The Asbestos at Work Regulations 1989 84
3.7 The Asbestos (Licensing) Regulations 1983 85
3.8 The Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazards Regulations 1984 (CIMAH) 86
3.9 The Control of Lead at Work Regulations 1980 86
3.10 The Control of Pollution (Special Waste) Regulations 1980 87
3.11 The Control of Pollution (Supply and Use of Injurious Substances) Regulations 1980 88
3.12 The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1988 88
3.13 The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 89
3.14 The Fire Certificates (Special Premises) Regulations 1976 90
3.15 The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (Application outside Great Britain) Order 1989 91
3.16 The Health and Safety (First-Aid) Regulations 1981 92
3.17 Highly Flammable Liquids and Liquefied Petroleum Gases Regulations 1972 92
3.18 The Ionising Radiations Regulations 1985 94
3.19 The Power Presses Regulations 1965–72 95
3.20 The Protection of the Eyes Regulations 1974 96
3.21 The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1985 97
3.22 The Safety Representatives and Safety Committee Regulations 1977 98
3.23 The Safety Signs Regulations 1980 99
3.24 The Woodworking Machines Regulations 1974 100
3.25 The Noise at Work Regulations 1989 103
References 103
Some Other Regulations 104
Chapter 4. Law of Contract 105
4.1 Contracts 105
4.2 Contracts of employment 108
4.3 Employment legislation 108
4.4 Law of sale 110
4.5 Specialised legislation affecting occupational safety advisers 111
List of the Acts referred to 114
Further reading 113
Reference cases 113
Chapter 5. Industrial relations law 115
5.1 Introduction 115
5.2 Employment law 115
5.3 Discrimination 118
5.4 Procedures before dismissal 119
5.5 Dismissal 121
5.6 Reasons for dismissal 122
5.7 Summary 124
References 124
Chapter 6. Consumer protection 126
6.1 Fair conditions of contract 126
6.2 A fair quality of goods and services 130
6.3 Product liability 132
6.4 Misleading advertising 133
6.5 Exclusion clauses 134
6.6 Consumer redress 134
References 135
Further reading 136
Chapter 7. Insurance cover and compensation 137
7.1 Workmen's compensation and the State insurance scheme 137
7.2 Employer's liability insurance 140
7.3 Public liability insurance 145
7.4 Investigation, negotiation and the quantum of damage 147
7.5 General 149
References 149
Chapter 8. Civil liability 151
8.1 The common law and its development 151
8.2 The law of tort 152
8.3 Occupier's Liability Acts 1957 and 1984 155
8.4 Manufacturers 155
8.5 Employer's liability 156
8.6 Employer's Liability (Defective Equipment) Act 1969 159
8.7 Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 159
8.8 Defences to a civil liability claim 159
8.9 Volenti non fit injuria 160
8.10 Limitation 161
8.11 Assessment of damages 161
8.12 Fatal accidents 163
References (cases referred to) 163
Further reading 164
Part II: The management of risk 166
Chapter 9. Principles of the management of risk 168
9.1 Principles of action necessary to prevent accidents 168
9.2 Definitions of hazard, risk and danger 169
9.3 Risk management 170
9.4 Loss control 174
9.5 Degrees of hazard 177
9.6 Accident causation models 178
9.7 Accident prevention: legal, humanitarian and economic reasons for action 180
References 183
Further reading 183
Chapter 10. Risk management: techniques and practices 184
10.1 Risk identification, evaluation and control 184
10.2 Job safety analysis 189
10.3 System safety 194
10.4 Systems theory and design 196
10.5 System safety engineering 199
10.6 Fault-tree analysis 199
10.7 Probabilistic risk assessments 200
10.8 Health and safety in design and planning 202
10.9 Safety and quality assurance 204
10.10 Use of data on accidents 205
10.11 Maintenance systems and planned maintenance 206
10.12 Damage control 207
10.13 Cost-effectiveness of risk management 209
10.14 Performance evaluation and appraisal 212
10.15 Loss control profiling 214
References 216
Further reading 216
Chapter 11. Accident investigation and reporting 218
11.1 Introduction 218
11.2 Statutory requirements 218
11.3 Learning of the event 229
11.4 Arriving at the scene 230
11.5 Investigation 231
11.6 Investigation report 231
11.7 Accident investigation checklist 232
11.8 Typical information required after a lost-time accident 233
11.9 Legal status of accident reports 234
References 235
Further reading 235
Chapter 12. Records and statistics 236
12.1 Introduction 236
12.2 Statistical analysis 236
12.3 Descriptive statistics 241
12.4 Summary statistics 244
12.5 Specialised accident statistics 248
12.6 Specialised techniques: probability and statistical significance 252
12.7 The use of computers 260
12.8 Coda 262
References 262
Further reading 263
Chapter 13. The individual 264
13.1 What is behavioural science? 264
13.2 The relevance of behavioural science to health and safety 265
13.3 The human being as a system 265
13.4 Facets of human behaviour 266
13.5 Types of error 280
13.6 Individual behaviour in the face of danger 283
13.7 Change 294
13.8 Methods of change and control 304
References 306
Further reading 308
Chapter 14. Organisation for safety 309
14.1 Introduction 309
14.2 Structure and functions of an organisation 309
14.3 Formal organisation structure 310
14.4 Organisational control 315
14.5 Conflict 317
14.6 Organisational techniques 320
14.7 Safety organisations 323
14.8 Workplace safety organisation 326
14.9 Summary 329
References 329
Further reading 330
Chapter 15. Employer's obligations for safety 331
15.1 Duties of care 331
15.2 Use, handling and storage 332
15.3 Transport 332
15.4 Safe access and egress 332
15.5 Environment 333
15.6 Safety policy 333
15.7 Organisation 333
15.8 Arrangements 334
15.9 Monitoring safety 334
15.10 Training 336
15.11 Use of information 336
15.12 Work at unfenced machinery 337
15.13 Systems of work 337
15.14 Permits-to-work 338
15.15 Locking off 338
15.16 Emergency services 338
15.17 Designing out hazards 339
15.18 Welfare facilities 340
15.19 Employment law 340
15.20 Discrimination laws 340
15.21 Summary 341
References 341
Part III: Occupational health and hygiene 344
Chapter 16. The structure and functions of the human body 346
16.1 Introduction 346
16.2 History 346
16.3 The functions of an occupational health department 348
16.4 Overseas developments 349
16.5 Risks to health at work 350
16.6 Occupational hygiene 350
16.7 First aid 351
16.8 Basic human anatomy and physiology 352
16.9 Cancer and other problems of cell growth 367
References 368
Further reading 368
Chapter 17. Occupational diseases 369
17.1 Introduction 369
17.2 Toxicology 369
17.3 Diseases of the skin 371
17.4 Diseases of the respiratory system 374
17.5 Diseases from metals 379
17.6 Pesticides 384
17.7 Solvents 384
17.8 Gassing 388
17.9 Occupational cancer 390
17.10 Hepatitis 391
17.11 Oxygen deficiency 392
17.12 Ionising radiations 394
17.13 Noise-induced hearing loss 396
17.14 Working in heat 399
17.15 Industrial disease and disablement benefit 399
17.16 Reporting of diseases 400
17.17 Target organs 400
References 401
Chapter 18. Occupational hygiene 402
18.1 Recognition 402
18.2 Evaluation 402
18.3 Control measures 416
18.4 Summary 425
References 425
Chapter 19. Radiation 426
19.1 Introduction 426
19.2 Structure of matter 426
19.3 Radioactivity 427
19.4 Ionising radiation 427
19.5 Biological effects of ionising radiation 428
19.6 Quantities and units 429
19.7 Basic principles of radiological protection 430
19.8 Legal requirements 434
19.9 National Radiological Protection Board 438
19.10 Incidents and emergencies 438
19.11 Non-ionising radiation 438
References 441
Chapter 20. Noise and vibration 443
20.1 What is sound? 443
20.2 Other terms commonly found in acoustics 446
20.3 Transmission of sound 449
20.4 The sound level meter 449
20.5 The ear 451
20.6 The equivalent noise level 452
20.7 Community noise levels 453
20.8 Noise control techniques 454
20.9 Vibration 462
20.10 Legislation 463
20.11 Summary 464
References 464
Further reading 465
Chapter 21. Workplace pollution, heat and ventilation 466
21.1 Methods of assessment of workplace air pollution 467
21.2 Measurement of the thermal environment 470
21.3 Standards for workplace environments 471
21.4 Ventilation control of a workplace environment 472
21.5 Assessmentof performance of ventilation systems 474
References 477
Further reading 477
Chapter 22. Lighting 478
22.1 Introduction 478
22.2 Physics of the eye 478
22.3 Eye conditions 479
22.4 Definitions 480
22.5 Types of lighting 480
22.6 Levels of illuminance 481
22.7 Factors affecting the quality of lighting 482
22.8 Use of light measuring instruments 485
References 486
Further reading 486
Chapter 23. Ergonomics and human error 487
23.1 Introduction 487
23.2 Basic philosophy 488
23.3 Human error 493
23.4 Anthropometry and machine guarding 498
23.5 Manual handling 498
23.6 Concluding remarks 499
References 499
Further reading 500
Part IV: General science 502
Chapter 24. Engineering science 504
24.1 Introduction 504
24.2 Structure of matter 504
24.3 Properties of chemicals 508
24.4 Physical properties 512
24.5 Energy and work 517
24.6 Mechanics 518
24.7 Strength of materials 519
24.8 Failures 521
24.9 Testing 522
24.10 Hydraulics 522
24.11 Summary 523
References 524
Reading list 524
Chapter 25. Fire precautions 525
25.1 Introduction 525
25.2 Basic fire knowledge 525
25.3 Classification of fires 528
25.4 Ignition sources and their control 529
25.5 Combustion 535
25.6 Protection against fire 543
25.7 Extinction 551
25.8 Fire fighting 552
25.9 Legal requirements 570
References 576
Further reading 577
Other publications (listed according to publisher) 577
Chapter 26. Machinery hazards Professor 580
26.1 Introduction 580
26.2 Sources of information 582
26.3 Identification of agents of danger 582
26.4 Risk assessment 585
26.5 Risk reduction 586
26.6 Description and selection of safeguards 587
26.7 Anthropometrie aspects of machinery guarding 598
26.8 Summary checklist for machinery safety 600
References 600
Chapter 27. Mechanical handling 602
27.1 Internal powered trucks 602
27.2 Cranes 611
27.3 Conveyors 620
27.4 Conclusion 625
References 626
Further reading 626
Chapter 28. Electricity 628
28.1 Alternating and direct currents 628
28.2 Electricity supply 628
28.3 Statutory requirements 630
28.4 Voltage levels 632
28.5 Electrical accidents 632
28.6 The basic electrical circuit 632
28.7 Dangers from electricity 633
28.8 Protective means 635
28.9 Competency 638
28.10 Permits-to-Work 638
28.11 Static electricity 638
28.12 Electrical equipment in flammable atmospheres 641
28.13 Portable tools 644
28.14 Residual current devices 645
28.15 Maintenance 645
28.16 Conclusion 645
References 646
Chapter 29. Statutory engineering inspections 647
29.1 Introduction 647
29.2 Legislation 648
29.3 Pressure vessels 648
29.4 Lifting and handling plant 655
29.5 Power presses 663
29.6 Local exhaust ventilation 664
29.7 Electrical installations 666
29.8 General considerations 666
29.9 Conclusion 671
References 671
Further reading and references 672
Chapter 30. Safety on construction sites 675
30.1 Construction accidents 675
30.2 Safe working in the industry 676
30.3 Site hazards 683
30.4 The Construction (Working Places) Regulations 1966 688
30.5 The Construction (Lifting Operations) Regulations 1961 690
30.6 The Construction (Health and Welfare) Regulations 1966 695
30.7 Other relevant legislation 697
Acknowledgement 701
References 701
Further reading 703
Chapter 31. Safe use of chemicals 704
31.1 Introduction 704
31.2 The Golden Rule 704
31.3 Finding out the hazards 705
31.4 Assessing the risk 706
31.5 Devising a strategy 707
31.6 Legislative requirements 711
31.7 Plant design 716
31.8 Safe systems of work 720
31.9 Transport 721
31.10 Storage 723
31.11 Laboratories 725
31.12 Waste disposal 726
31.13 Emergency procedures 727
31.14 Conclusions 727
References 727
Appendices 730
Appendix 1: Membership of the Institution of Occupational Safety and Health 732
Appendix 2: List of official safety guidance booklets 745
Appendix 3: List of abbreviations 753
Appendix 4: Organisations providing safety information 756
Appendix 5: List of Statutes, Regulations and Orders 758
Appendix 6: List of Cases 762
Index 765

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 15.5.2014
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Recht / Steuern ► Arbeits- / Sozialrecht ► Arbeitsrecht
• Themenwelt: Recht / Steuern ► EU / Internationales Recht
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft
• ISBN-10: 1-4831-9374-8 / 1483193748
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4831-9374-8 / 9781483193748