Forensic Biomechanics (eBook)

Jules Kieser, Michael Taylor, Debra Carr (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2012
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-118-40423-2 (ISBN)

Infos

Biomechanics is the application of mechanical principles to living organisms, and it is one of the most exciting and fastest growing research areas. In forensic science, it is biomechanics that explains trauma to the body at a crime scene or the fracture of fibers and textiles, and helps interpret blood spatter. Forensic Biomechanics is a comprehensive overview of the role of biomechanics in forensics. Well-illustrated with real-life case studies, and using a multidisciplinary approach, this unique book is an invaluable reference for practicing forensic scientists, lawyers, and researchers.

Jules Kieser Director, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

Michael Taylor Science Leader, Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR), Christchurch Science Centre, New Zealand

Debra Carr Impact and Armour Group, Department of Engineering and Applied Science, Cranfield Defence and Security, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Shrivenham, Wiltshire, United Kingdom

Inhalt

FORENSIC BIOMECHANICS 1
Contents 9
Series Foreword 11
Acknowledgements 13
1 Introduction 15
References 19
2 Basic principles of biomechanics 21
2.1 Forces and motion 23
Newton’s laws 23
Energy 25
Momentum 25
2.2 Stress and strain 26
Poisson’s ratio 31
2.3 Basics of biomechanical behaviour 31
Material behaviour during bending 34
2.4 Biomaterials and viscoelasticity 35
2.5 Acceleration and impact 39
2.6 Fracture behaviour 40
Classification according to fracture process (Fig. 2.14) 41
Classification according to material properties 42
2.7 Ballistic biomechanics 43
References 46
3 Biomechanics of bone and bony trauma 49
3.1 Composition of bone 51
3.2 Types of bone 52
3.3 Biomechanical properties of bone 53
3.4 Compressive and tensile fracture patterns 59
3.5 Blunt and sharp force trauma 64
3.6 Ballistic trauma 68
3.7 Living versus postmortem fracture 76
3.8 Bone fracture in infants 78
References 80
4 Biomechanics of skin and soft tissue trauma 85
4.1 Structure of skin 87
4.2 Mechanical properties of skin 89
4.3 Effect of age 92
4.4 Wounding 94
4.5 Sharp force trauma 95
4.6 Blunt force trauma 99
4.7 Ballistic trauma 102
4.8 Bitemarks 106
References 107
5 The mechanics of bloodstain pattern formation 113
5.1 Introduction to bloodstain pattern analysis 115
Basics of fluid mechanics 116
5.2 Forces acting on fluids 118
Gravity 119
Arterial pressure 119
Surface tension 119
Viscosity 124
Drag 127
5.3 Dimensionless numbers 128
Reynolds number 129
Weber number 129
5.4 Fluid properties of blood 130
5.5 The creation of droplets 132
Energy required for atomisation 132
Fundamental processes of atomisation 133
Waves 133
Viscous shear/jet breakup 135
Sheet breakup 136
Bag breakup 136
Atomisation processes in some bloodspatter patterns 137
Arterial spurt 137
Impact spatter 138
Gunshot spatter 139
Expirated blood 139
5.6 Droplet flight 140
5.7 Droplet impact: bloodstain formation 142
Spreading 143
Splashing 143
Droplet impact on wet surfaces 146
Droplet impact on angled surfaces 149
References 149
6 Fibres and textiles 151
6.1 Introduction 153
Fibres 153
Yarns 154
Fabrics 155
Dyeing and finishing treatments 157
6.2 Fabric layers 157
6.3 Fabric degradation 158
6.4 Ballistic impacts 158
6.5 Sharp impacts 160
Stabs 160
Slash cuts 160
Cutting 162
6.6 Blunt impacts 163
6.7 Tearing 165
Acknowledgements 167
References 167
Index 173

Rezensionen

"Forensic Biomechanics, although only 164 pages in length,
succeeds in providing the reader a basic understanding of the
biomechanical principles central to several pertinent areas of
forensic biology. . . . It provides an excellent view of the areas
that should be mastered in order for those new to this field to
claim it as their own." (Journal of Forensic
Sciences, 8 January 2014)

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 20.9.2012
• Reihe/Serie: Developments in Forensic Science
• Reihe/Serie: Developments in Forensic Science
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Physiologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie
• Themenwelt: Recht / Steuern ► Strafrecht ► Kriminologie
• Themenwelt: Sozialwissenschaften
• Schlagworte: Analysis • Analytische Chemie / Forensik • ballistics • biomechanical • Biomechanics • Biomechanik • biomedical engineering • Biomedizintechnik • Biowissenschaften • bloodsplatter • Book • Chemie • Chemistry • Examination • Fibers • Field • Forensic • Forensics • Forensic Science • Forensik • Fracture • Hard • indepth • investigation • Life Sciences • Mechanics • Medical Science • Medizin • patterning • Principles • Research • Role • Sportmedizin • sports medicine • Textiles • Trauma
• ISBN-10: 1-118-40423-8 / 1118404238
• ISBN-13: 978-1-118-40423-2 / 9781118404232